礦物加工專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、Unit1Lesson11礦物（礦物（minerals）Mineralsdefinition:Mineralsbydefinitionarenaturalinganicsubstancespossessingdefinitechemicalcompositionsatomicstructures.礦物的定義：具有穩(wěn)定的礦物的定義：具有穩(wěn)定的化學(xué)成分化學(xué)成分、晶體結(jié)構(gòu)晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的天然的天然無機(jī)化合物。無機(jī)化合物。Mineraltypes:n

2、ativemetallicfmoxidessulphidescarbonatessilicateschlides.礦物的種類：主要按化學(xué)成分劃分：單質(zhì)礦物、氧化物、硫化物、碳酸鹽、硅酸礦物的種類：主要按化學(xué)成分劃分：單質(zhì)礦物、氧化物、硫化物、碳酸鹽、硅酸鹽、鹵化物等。鹽、鹵化物等。Isomphism:substitutionofatomswithinthecrystalstructurebysimilaratomstakesplacew

3、ithoutaffectingtheatomicstructure.類質(zhì)同象：礦物晶體中的原子被類似原子取代而不改變礦物晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)象。例類質(zhì)同象：礦物晶體中的原子被類似原子取代而不改變礦物晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)象。例如：鐵橄欖石如：鐵橄欖石—鎂橄欖石。鎂橄欖石。Polymphism:differentmineralshavethesamechemicalcompositionbutmarkedlydifferentphysicalpropert

4、iesduetoadifferenceinatomicstructure.同質(zhì)多象：礦物的化學(xué)成分相同，但晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)不同的現(xiàn)象。例如：同質(zhì)多象：礦物的化學(xué)成分相同，但晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)不同的現(xiàn)象。例如：金剛石、石墨。金剛石、石墨。Rocks:Rocksconsistofavarietyofmineralsfmlargepartsoftheearth’scrust.Granitefinstancewhichisthemos

5、tabundantigneousrockiscomposedofthreemainmineralconstituentsfeldsparquartzmica.巖石：由一種或多種礦物組成的天然集合體，例如：花崗巖主要由石英、長石、云巖石：由一種或多種礦物組成的天然集合體，例如：花崗巖主要由石英、長石、云母以不同比例組成。母以不同比例組成。2礦石礦石ese:Anecanbedescribedbrieflyasanaccumulationof

6、mineralinsufficientquantityastobecapableofeconomicextraction.礦石礦石:具有經(jīng)濟(jì)利用價值的礦物集合體具有經(jīng)濟(jì)利用價值的礦物集合體.Classification:（1）esarefrequentlyclassedaccdingtothenatureofthevaluablemineralsuchasnativeessulphideesoxidisedes.（2）esarealso

7、classifiedbythenatureoftheirganguessuchascalcareousbasic(limerich)siliceousacidic(silicarich)礦石的分類礦石的分類:（1）根據(jù)有用礦物的性質(zhì)分為）根據(jù)有用礦物的性質(zhì)分為:自然元素礦石自然元素礦石(單質(zhì)礦石單質(zhì)礦石)、硫化礦和氧、硫化礦和氧化礦等?；V等。（2）根據(jù)脈石礦物的性質(zhì)分為：鈣質(zhì)礦石、硅質(zhì)礦石、酸性礦石等。）根據(jù)脈石礦物的性質(zhì)分為：鈣質(zhì)礦

8、石、硅質(zhì)礦石、酸性礦石等。3金屬礦石與非金屬礦石金屬礦石與非金屬礦石metallicesnonmetallicesesofeconomicvaluecanbeclassedasmetallic(whenitisusedtopreparethemetal)nonmetallic(whenitisusedtomakematerial)accdingtotheuseofthemineral.根據(jù)礦物的用途劃分：如果以提取礦物中的金屬為目的，則

9、成為金屬礦石；如果礦根據(jù)礦物的用途劃分：如果以提取礦物中的金屬為目的，則成為金屬礦石；如果礦物直接利用，則稱之為非金屬礦石。物直接利用，則稱之為非金屬礦石。Reviewofthelastlesson1礦物（礦物（minerals）Mineralsbydefinitionarenaturalinganicsubstancespossessingdefinitechemicalcompositionsatomicstructures.Iso

10、mphism:Manymineralsexhibitisomphismwheresubstitutionofatomsalsobeenused.Theprincipalpurposeofthisprocessistoproduceasyntheticpetroleumsubstitutetypicallyfromcoalnaturalgasbiomassfuseassyntheticlubricationoilassyntheticfu

11、el.Sasol(SouthAfricanCoalOil)isaSouthAfricancompanyinvolvedinminingenergychemicalssynfuels.InparticulartheyproducepetroldieselprofitablyfromcoalnaturalgasusingFischerTropschsynthesis.TheBergiusProcessisamethodofproductio

12、nofliquidhydrocarbonsfuseassyntheticfuelbyhydrogenationoflignite(browncoal)athightemperaturepressure.ItwasfirstdevelopedbyFriedrichBergiusin1913.Lignitesubbituminouscoalisfinelygroundmixedwithheavyoilrecycledfromtheproce

13、ss.Catalystistypicallyaddedtothemixture.Anumberofcatalystshavebeendevelopedovertheyearsincludingtungstenmolybdenumsulfidestinnickeloleateothers.Naphthanmallyreferstoanumberofdifferentflammableliquidmixturesofhydrocarbons

14、i.e.adistillationproductfrompetroleumcoaltarboilinginacertainrangecontainingcertainhydrocarbonsabroadtermencompassinganyvolatileflammableliquidhydrocarbonmixture.TheKarrickprocessisalowtemperaturecarbonization(LTC)ofcoal

15、shaleligniteanycarbonaceousmaterials.Theseareheatedat680F(360C)to1380F(360Cto749C)intheabsenceofairtodistilloutoilgas.TheprocesswasthewkofoilshaletechnologistattheU.S.BureauofMinesinthe1920s.Chinahasannouncedhighvolumeco

16、mmercialcoalliquefactionproductioninlate2007[1]afterasuccessfultrialstartingaprocessthatcouldrapidlyfreeChinafromdependencyuponexternalOPECoilimpts.Theprocessisreptedtohave60meterhighcylindricalstructurestobeadirectcoall

17、iquefactionprocess.WhilelackingfmalconfirmationtheprocessdescribedseemsidenticaltotheKarrickprocess.ReviewofthelastlessonTypesofcoal煤的種類煤的種類LigniteSubbituminouscoalBituminouscoalAnthracite.Cokinguseofcoke煉焦及焦炭的應(yīng)用煉焦及焦炭的應(yīng)用

18、Cokeisasolidcarbonaceousresiduederivedfromlowashlowsulfurbituminouscoalfromwhichthevolatileconstituentsaredrivenoffbybakinginanovenwithoutoxygenattemperaturesashighas1000Csothatthefixedcarbonresidualasharefusedtogether.G

19、asification汽化汽化Coalgasificationbreaksdownthecoalintoitscomponentsusuallybysubjectingittohightemperaturepressureusingsteammeasuredamountsofoxygen.Liquefaction液化液化Indirectsynthesis:Coalwouldbegasifiedtomakesyngasthesyngasc