英語修辭手法大全

1、Figures of Speech,Figures Of SpeechIn English Stylistics,Simile,A figure of speech in which one thing is liken to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is an exp

2、licit comparison recognizable by the use of the word like or as. ( A Dictionary of Literary Terms),Simile,w   1. Origin: Latin, meaning like w   2. Comparative words: like, as w 

3、;  3. Functions: describing shape, scenery; expressing emotions; explaining; vivid description, making easy to understand; creating interest.,Structure of a Simile,Tenor + comparative word + vehicleSubject + c

4、omparative word + referenceExample: My love is like a red red roseTom is as tall as his brother (not a simile)Tom is as tall as a Maypole.(simile),Type One: like,Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass

5、.Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and those within want to get out.,Type Two: as As firm as a rockAs mute as a fishAs strong as a horseAs brave as a lionAs obstinate as

6、 a cowAs white as snowAs black as ink / pitchAs changeable as the weatherAs wet as a drowned ratAs blind as a batAs fat as a pigAs proud as a peacockAs fresh as a rose,Type Three: what,Two Patterns:A is to B wha

7、t C is to D.What C is to D, A is to B.,Type Three: what,Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. 作家的筆猶如戰(zhàn)士的槍。.,Type Three: what,What sculpture is t

8、o a block of marble, education is to the soul. 教育之于心靈猶如雕刻之于大理石。 What salt is to food, wit and humor are to conversation and literature,Type Four: than,A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.He

9、 had no more idea of money than a cow,Type Five: and,Love and cough can not be hid. 愛情像咳嗽一樣是掩蓋不了的。 Truth and roses have thorns about them.Kings and bears often worry their keepers.A word and stone let go cannot be

10、recalled. 說出去的話就像拋出去的石子，是收不 回的。,Type Six: others,Who is to blame but her tyrant of a father.怪誰呢？只怪她那暴君般的父親。A doctor must have the heart of a lion andthe hand of a lady.當(dāng)一個醫(yī)生必須有獅子般的膽量和仕女般的巧手。,Simile,O, my lov

11、e’s like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in June:O, my love’s like the melody That’s sweetly played in tune. －Robert Burns,Simile,啊，我的愛人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰； 六月里迎風(fēng)初開； 啊，我的愛人像一曲甜蜜的歌； 唱得合拍又柔和。,The fir

12、st line of the poem above, O, my love’s like a red, red rose, is a simile. To communicate his feelings, the poet invites the reader to perceive in his sweetheart some of the properties of a rose. Properties this might in

13、clude are beauty, freshness, scentedness, specialness and rarity. Greenfly, thorns or blight, also common properties of roses, are likely to seem appropriate points of comparison, bearing in mind what we know of the cont

14、ext.,Metaphor,A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. (Webster’s New World Dictionary),Metaphor,A figu

15、re of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit. ( A Dictionary of Literary Terms),Metaphor,Me

16、taphors are often easy to identify and take the form X is Y. Something or someone is being compared to something or someone else through a construction using the appropriate part of the verb to be (i.e. am, are, is, was,

17、 were, will be).,Metaphor,Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of fire.教育不是將桶裝滿水，而是將火點燃。Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.金錢像無底的海洋，將榮耀、良知和真理淹沒。Marriag

18、e is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose.,All the world’s a stage, And all men and women merely players;They have their exits and entrances,And one man in his time p

19、lays many parts,His acts being seven ages… (Shakespeare, As you Like it )The first clause sets up the basic comparison.The tenor and vehicle invoked by the firstline are elaborated in the lines that follow.

20、The metaphor makes possible for the literary writer to explain things vividly in great detail.,Metaphor,The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few

21、 to be chewed and digested. ( Of Studies, Bacon)She has a photographic memory for details.The mountainous waves swallowed up the shipA policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic.,Metonymy (借代）,A figure of speec

22、h that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated. (Webster’s New International Dictionary),Metonymy,Definition: one thing for another; associationw Met

23、onymy is Greek for a change of name Function: brief, vivid, interestingExample:What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave (from the cradle to the grave從生到死）,A thousand mustaches can live together but

24、 not four breasts.千條漢子能共處， 兩個婆娘難相容。 The pen is mightier than the sword.He keeps a good table.(待客周到,以豐盛的飲食招待客人)She has the eye for the fair and the beautiful.The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.China

25、won 4 golds and 5 silvers.We drove a Ford to Hyde Park.,Metonymy,This is the struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.It is a pity that there is more ignorance than knowledge in the country.She has retired from t

26、he stage to teach.,The glories of our blood and state,Are shadows, not substantial things;There is no armour against fate;Death lays his icy hand on kings;Sceptre and CrownMust tumble downAnd in the dust be equal m

27、adeWith the poor crooked Scythe and Spade. (Shirley, The Glories of our Blood ),In this poem, four metonyms are used: Sceptre, Crown, Scythe, and Spade. Sceptre and Crown are things that kings and queens carr

28、y and wear to represent their power and authority, and are therefore metonyms for kings and queens. Scythe and Spade are things used by peasants or farm workers, and are therefore metonyms for peasants. What Shirley is t

29、rying to say is that death comes to all people, the noble and the humble alike. The idea would have been expressed much less effectively, if metonyms had not been used.,顯貴王侯全會倒毖，與賤民并肩齊埋在塵土之中。在這首詩中詩人借皇冠(crown)和君主節(jié)杖(s

30、ceptre)來代替顯貴王侯、君主貴族。借農(nóng)民常用的工具大鐮刀(scythe)和鐵鍬(spade)代表農(nóng)民大眾。詩人運用借代這一修辭手段形象生動、簡潔地表達(dá)了一種不可抗拒的自然規(guī)律：無論是至高無上的君主，還是卑微的勞苦大眾在死神面前一律平等。,Parody,(Piece of ) writing intended to amuse by imitating the style of writing used by someb

31、ody else. (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English),Parody,Literary or musical composition imitating the characteristic style of some other work or of a writer or composer, but treating a

32、serious subject on a nonsensical manner, as in ridicule. (Webster’s New World Dictionary),Parody,Definition: imitation of well-known sayingsFunction: humorous, ironical, interestingExample:,Parody,I h

33、ave no outlook, but an uplook. My place in society was at the bottom.我沒有人生觀，但我有“上爬觀”，我的地位在社會的最底層。,Parody,A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.難中的朋友是要躲避的朋友。這句話明顯是仿A friend in need is a friend indeed.而來的。,Parody,

34、It is said Jane has fallen in love with Jack.Yes, but she says she had hesitated for a longtime before she finally walked into love.據(jù)說簡與杰克墜入了情網(wǎng)。是的，不過她說她曾經(jīng)猶豫了很長一段時間最后才步入情網(wǎng)。,Reagan’s conduct in the Governor’s office

35、did at least demonstrate that his conservative bark often carried little bite when he tackledthe practical problems governing his state. (Time, April 28, 1980)里根在州長任上的行為至少顯示他在處理州里的實際問題

36、時并不像他大叫大嚷的那些保守的調(diào)調(diào)厲害。 bark often carried little bite 是根據(jù)諺語Hisbark is worse than his bite.(心地不如嘴惡)仿擬出來的。,“Twinkle, twinkle, little bat!How I wonder what you’re at!”“You know the song, perhaps?”“I’ve heard something

37、like it,” said Alice.“It goes on, you know.” the Hatter continued,“in this way—Up above the world you fly.Like a tea tray in the sky.Twinkle, twinkle—”(l. Carrol, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland),“一閃，一閃，小蝙蝠！我不知道你

38、往哪里飛！”“你也許知道這首歌吧？”“我聽過相似的歌，”艾麗斯說，“你知道下面還有呢?！泵苯忱^續(xù)道“是這樣的——離開地面的你高高地飛翔像個茶盤在天上一閃一閃——”,《艾麗斯漫游奇境記》中帽匠關(guān)于蝙蝠的歌明顯是仿擬英國詩人Jane Tayor寫的著名兒歌The Star的第一節(jié)：Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you are !Up above the

39、 world so high.Like a diamond in the sky.,Parody,Original: Where there is a will, there is a way.Imitation:Where there is a will, there is a relative.,Parody,A bird in hand is worth two in the bush：it is better to b

40、e content with what one has than to risk losing everything by being too greedy.(一鳥在手勝于二鳥在林）A husband in hand is worth two in the bush. bite off more than one can chew: attempt to do too much or something that is to

41、o demanding.(試圖做過多的事或太費周折的事）He married a bit more than he could chew.,A stitch in time saves nine(一針及時，可省九針） A word in time saves nine.To be or not to be, that’s the problem.(生存還是毀滅，這是個問題)To lie or not to lie—the d

42、octor’s dilemma.,To err is human; to forgive divine(人孰無過):It is human nature to sin and make mistakes and therefore one should be as forgiving as possible.To eat is human; to digest, divine.,Personification,A figure of

43、 speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is represented as a person. (Webster’s New World Dictionary),1. O, my love’s like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in June:O, my love’s like the m

44、elody That’s sweetly played in tune. －Robert Burns 啊，我的愛人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰； 六月里迎風(fēng)初開； 啊，我的愛人像一曲甜蜜的歌； 唱得合拍又柔和。 (王佐良譯）,2. Kindness is the golden chain by which the

45、 world is bound. (Goethe) 仁愛是聯(lián)結(jié)世界的一條金鏈。,3. The rain to the wind said“You push and I’ll pelt,”They so smote the garden bedThat the flowers actually kneltAnd lay lodged— though not deadI know

46、 how the flowers felt. (Robert Frost),雨對風(fēng)說：“你來狂吹，我來猛落?！彼麄儌z就這樣在花圃上施暴虐于是花兒們便七歪八倒葉殘瓣破最后終于倒下了——盡管還奄奄一息活著我知道花兒們此時心中感受如何。,例1是明喻，將愛人比作花朵，比作樂曲；例2是隱喻，將仁愛比作金鏈條，都是靜止的比喻。例3作為擬人格卻活潑得多，風(fēng)和雨都成了人，變成了冷酷、殘暴、以施虐為樂

47、的人，風(fēng)和雨狂吹猛落直把花兒摧殘得奄奄一息。,How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! (Milton)時間，這個盜竊青春的狡猾的小偷，盜竊了我二十又三年飛去了。在十七、十八世紀(jì)的古典詩歌中，詩人們出于對神

48、話和傳統(tǒng)的尊重，常喜歡把自然現(xiàn)象人格化。詩人按照傳統(tǒng)把Time比擬做人。,Personification,Love, free as air, at sight of human ties, spreads his light wings, and in a moment flies.愛情，自由得像空氣，一見到人間的羈絆，伸展開他的翅膀立即飛開。,Personification,…h(huán)ere let them lieTill

49、 famine and ague eat them up. (Shakespeare: Macbeth)讓他們?nèi)ト鲋e吧直到饑荒與瘧疾把他們都吃掉。饑荒與瘧疾都是可以置人于死地的，所以，用eat up 把這些災(zāi)禍擬人化，是很貼切的。,Personification,A lie can travel half way around the world while the tr

50、uth is putting on its shoes. 真理還來不及穿上鞋子，謊言已經(jīng)走遍了半個世界。,The Rose and the GardenerThe Rose in the garden slipped her bud,And she laughed in the pride if her youthful blood,As she thought of the gardener standing by——“H

51、e is old— so old; and he soon will die!”The full Rose waxed in the warm June air,And she spread and spread, till her heart lay bare,And she laughed once more as she heard his tread,“He is older now. He will soon be

52、dead!”,But the breeze in the morning blew, and foundThat the leaves of the blown Rose strewed the ground,And he came at noon, that Gardener old,And he raked them softly under the mold.And I wove the thing to a rando

53、m rhyme,For the Rose is Beauty: the Gardener, Time. (Austin Dobson 1840-1921),玫瑰與園丁玫瑰花在園中綻開了她的蓓蕾，她訕笑著自恃著年輕嬌美，她笑那老園丁竟站在她身邊—“他已經(jīng)老了—老態(tài)龍鐘，很快便會命喪黃泉。在六月的暖風(fēng)中她盡量搖曳盛開，她燦爛地開放，開放，直到袒露心懷，她聽見老園丁的腳步聲便再次嘲笑：“

54、他越來越老了，他老命難保！”,可是上午的和風(fēng)不停地吹，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)玫瑰花的花瓣被吹落地上一片又一片，老園丁來時已經(jīng)到了正午，他把落花輕輕聚攏埋入泥土。我且漫將此事寫上我的詩箋，玫瑰雖美但園丁卻擁有時間。這首詩是詩人借物抒情，詩人感慨人間有些人妄自尊大、淺薄自傲、負(fù)心薄義，但若直接說出便成了乏味的說教，而用擬人的手法將花變成人讓花兒自己現(xiàn)身說法，十分巧妙地將詩人的心理感受轉(zhuǎn)移到花兒身上。,Personification

55、,Slang is language that takes off its coat, spits on its hands, and goes to work.Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon overtakes him.Australia is so kind that, just tickle herwith a hoe, and she laughs with

56、a harvest.,Onomatopoeia,Combination of sounds in a word that imitating what the word refers to, like ‘hiss’ or ‘boom’.,The stream flows through the woods.The stream is murmuring through the woods.Dasi started laugh

57、ing.Dasi started giggling. The door was pushed open.The door crashed open.Heavy rain drops fell on the tent.Heavy rain drops began pitter-pattering on the tent.,Onomatopoeia,Definition: imitation of sound.Functio

58、n: association, direct, vivid.Example: The snake hissed.Giggle, clap, patter, mew, rumble,Onomatopoeia,A turkry gobbles. 火雞咯咯叫A wolf howls/ growls.狼嚎A snake hisses. 蛇聲咝咝A bee hums.蜜蜂嗡嗡叫A tiger growls.老虎吼叫A sparro

59、w twitters.麻雀吱吱喳喳叫,Onomatopoeia,A cock crows. 公雞喔喔叫A cricket chirps 蟋蟀唧唧叫A crow caws 烏鴉哇哇叫A horse neighs/ whinnies/ nickers. 馬叫/馬嘶/馬鳴/馬蕭蕭A pig grunts/ squeaks.豬咕嚕咕嚕/哼哼叫A mouse squeaks/ peeps 老鼠吱吱/唧唧/啾啾叫,Onomatopoeia

60、,The train clattered out of the station.火車哐唧哐唧駛出車站。The clock ticked, the fire cracked.鐘聲滴滴答答，火聲噼噼啪啪。The man shut the door with a bang.那人砰的一聲把門關(guān)了。The wind is whistling. 風(fēng)呼呼地響。,Onomatopoeia,Sound from nature:Murmur,

61、 babble, swish, patter, rumble, roll, rustle, zip, toot, tick, tinkle, screech, bang,bubble, clang,crack, splash, grumble,Euphemism,The use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or dir

62、ectones.In old Greek, ‘eu’ means ‘well’ or ‘soundingwell’; ‘pheme’ means speech(說話).,Euphemism,Definition: to talk about unpleasant things in a pleasant way.Under the weather.Hard of hearingJoin one’s ancestorsWas

63、h one’s hands,,Life 生:Ugly 丑：Homely, plain;Fat 胖： weight watcher, chubby, plumy,stout;Skinny 瘦:slender, slim, willowy, svelte,Euphemism,Diseases：病Look off colourUnder the weatherNot all thereLong illness,Euphemism

64、,殘疾：DisabilityDisabledHandicappedInconveniencedVisually retarded,Euphemism,Old 老: Advanced in agePast one’s primeFeeling one’s ageGolden ageSenior citizenThe longer living,Euphemism,Death 死：Go westAt restA

65、sleepReturn to dustPass awayGo to heaven,Hyperbole/Overstatement,An exaggerated or extravagant statementused as a figure of speech (American Heritage Dictionary)Exaggeration for effect, not

66、meant to be taken literally… (The Webster’s New World Dictionary)Extravagant exaggeration (The Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary),Hyperbole/Overstatement,Function: exaggerate

67、 the toneCompare:He ran down the avenue, making a loud noise.He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.,HyperboleOverstatement,One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.It’s a crime to

68、 stay inside on such a beautiful day.The most effective water power in the world– women’s tears,As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I,And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry,