自考英語國家概況匯總版

1、knkkChapter1LPeople一、本章知識點一、本章知識點1.重點：①DifferentnamesfBritainitsparts2.難點、考點：①Britain’sofficialname②BritishCommonwealth三、課本內(nèi)容三、課本內(nèi)容（一）DifferentnamesfBritainitspartsStrictlyspeakingtheBritishIslesGreatBritainEnglareallgeo

2、graphicalnames.1.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislshundredsofsmallisls.（seemapofUK）ThetwolargeislsareGreatBritainIrel.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoisls.2.★TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGrea

3、tBritainNthernIrel.ButitistoomuchofamouthfultosaysuchalongnamefacountrysopeoplejustsayBritaintheUnitedKingdomsimplyU.K.（UK）capital:LondonTheRepublicofIrel愛爾蘭共和國hasbeenanindependentrepublicsince1949itscapitalisDublin.3.Th

4、erearethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislofGreatBritain:EnglScotlWales.Englisthelargestmostpopulousrichestsopeopletendtouse“Engl”“English”whentheymean“Britain”“British”.4.TheBritishEmpire大英帝國:onefourthofthewld’speopleonefour

5、thofthewld’slarea.5.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappeareditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealththeCommonwealthofNationsin1931.★TheCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernati

6、onsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.如果出簡答則只需要第一句話.（二）OthersGeographicalFeatures1.TheUnitedKingdom

7、isseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouththeNthSeaintheeast.TheEnglishChannelliesbetweenBritainFrance.（p.4）TaiwanStrait：臺灣海峽2.“Chunnel”:channeltunnelopenedtotrafficin1994.（p.5）Smog:smokefogMtel:mothotel

8、Kidult:kidadult3.ThehighestmountaininBritain:BenNevis1343minScotl.（p.6）Thelongestriver:theSevernRiver（338km）Thesecondlargestmostimptantriver:theThamesRiver（336km）（p.7）3.Oct.141066HastingsAngloSaxonEnglperishedwithHarold’

9、sdeath.因為Harold的死亡英國被諾曼人打敗4.WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglonChristmasDay.5.WilliamtheConquer:thebestknowneventinEnglishhistythefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished.法國諾曼第人征服后威廉成為英國國王成為英語歷史最著明的事件并且完本建立了封建制度.四、總結(jié)四、總結(jié):歷史上定居和入侵英

10、國的不同民族：Celts（Romans）AngloSaxonsVikingDalesNmansChapter3theshapingofthenation10661381本章知識點1重點:1Engl’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliamtheConquer2ContentsthesignificanceoftheGreatter3iginsoftheEnglishParliament4TheHundredYear

11、s’WarwithFranceitsconsequences5ConsequencesoftheBlackDeath2難點考點:Englishfeudalism:DomesdaybookGreatterEnglishParliament3課本內(nèi)容i.Engl’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliamtheConquer1.UnderWilliamthefeudalsysteminEnglwascompletelye

12、stablished.AccdingtothissystemtheKingownedthelpersonally.Williamgavehisbarons男爵largeestatesinEnglinreturnfapromiseofmilitaryserviceaproptionofthel’sproduce.Thebaronsparceledout分配ltothelessernoblesknightsfreemenalsoinretu

13、rnfgoodsservices.Atthebottomofthefeudalscalewerethevillainsofserfsunfreepeasantswhowerelittlebetterthanslaves.★Classstructure等級結(jié)構(gòu):thekingbaronstenantsinchieflessernoblesknightsfreemenvillainsserfs(補(bǔ)充:baron’soathofallegia

14、nce誓詞ftheking:“wewhoareasgoodasyousweartoyouwhoarenobetterthanwetoacceptyouasourkingsovereignldprovidedyouobserveallourstatuteslawsifnotno.”國王與貴族在封建法規(guī)所規(guī)定的權(quán)力和義務(wù)范圍內(nèi)平起平坐.)2.ReplacetheWitanwiththeGrCouncil(大會議)Williamreplace

15、dtheWitanthecounciloftheAngloSaxonKingswiththeGrCouncilofhisnewtenantsinchiefonwhichtheywererequiredtoservewhensummoned.3.★DomesdayBook:recdoflstenantstheirpossessionsftaxes.NotunliketheBookofDoom.(末日審判書)Indertohaveareli

16、ablerecdofallhislshistenantstheirpossessionstodiscoverhowmuchtheycouldbecalledupontopaybywayoftaxesWilliamsenthisclerkstocompileapropertyrecdknownasDomesdayBookbecauseitseemedtotheEnglishnotunliketheBookofDoomtobeusedbyt

17、hegreatestfeudalldofallonJudgmentDay.注:WilliamtookadeepinterestinthedevelopmentofthechurchinEngl.Hispolicytowardsthechurchwastokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrolbutatthesametimetoupholditspower.Buthetookcaretomaintainhisown

18、independence.4.HenryⅡfounderofthePlantagedynasty(金雀花王朝)ruledf35years.HenryfounderoftheAngevinDynastyusuallyknownasthePlantagedynastybecamekingwentontorulef35years.InHenryⅡ’sreignacommonlawwhichoverrodelocallawprivatelaww

19、asgraduallyestablishedinplaceofthecustomsofthemanwhichhadpreviouslyvariednotonlyfromshiretoshirebutevenfromonecommunitytoanother.Thecommonlawistheunwrittenlawcommontothewholepeopleasdistinctfromlawgoverningonlysectionsof

20、itis“casemade”i.e.basedonprecedentjudgmentsderivedfromacknowledgedcustom.InHenry’sdaythejurysystemwhoseiginscanbetracedtoprimitivetrialsinwhichwitnesseswerecalledfwardtosweartotheinnocenceoftheaccusedwasatlastreplacingol

21、dEnglishdealsbyfirewateroldNmantrialsbybattle.ii.contentsthesignificanceoftheGreatter1.Crusades(十字軍東征).TheresultwasconfrontationbetweenkingJohnhisbaronsin1215.2.MagnaCarta1215Thebarons’terMagnaCartaasitcametobeknownwaspr