[雙語翻譯]網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲外文翻譯--中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)的商業(yè)模式和運(yùn)作問題

1、8200 英文單詞， 英文單詞，4.4 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 14000 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Macinnes I, Hu L. Business models and operational issues in the Chinese online game industry[J]. Telematics China; Business model; Online game1. IntroductionAs th

2、e Internet continues to grow worldwide, Internet-based channels have become increasingly important for communication. As a result, online communities of many forms and for various purposes have developed and have enabled

3、 people to work, socialize and entertain themselves. Among the many types examples of online communities, a particularly interesting phenomenon is the virtual world (VW), a persistent synthetic environment where people c

4、ommunicate with each other using a virtual persona, often called an avatar. VWs are a type of online game that can have thousands of people involved and potentially interacting at the same time. The vast majority of popu

5、lar online games in China are VWs.MacInnes (2004a) provided an overview and framework for understanding the VW phenomenon. It is now important to supplement this work through case studies. We chose to begin with a single

6、 case study of the Chinese online game industry because its market for VWs is growing more quickly than in many other countries due to the rapid adoption of broadband among other factors. Social, legal and other environm

7、ental issues are discussed in this paper from the perspective of business models. The challenges and opportunities facing the current Chinese VW industry are not merely country specific. The same issues are likely to pla

8、y out as less developed VW markets in North America and Europe grow. The lessons from this case can also be compared to other Internet based industries using the dynamic business model framework for emerging technologies

9、 (MacInnes, 2004a).This is a single case study of China as an exploratory project to determine the issues surrounding business models for virtual world developers and users. The paper addresses a number of questions. Wha

10、t alternative strategies are available to Chinese online game operators who are facing an increasingly competitive market? Will Chinese online game Lack of company control can cause difficulties. Even though there are mi

11、llions of people around the world who are active in these virtual worlds, scholars have only recently begun to understand the dynamics of these communities.Fig. 1. Dynamic business model framework for emerging technologi

12、es.Because of the revenue streams that virtual worlds are now able to generate, this study focuses on the business model aspects of those communities. Business model literature has grown rapidly over the past five years

13、and is helpful in understanding the challenges that VW developers and users are likely to face in their attempts to develop profitable businesses based on virtual property. Contributions from scholars in business models

14、can be divided into three areas: studies that focus on single factors to highlight their importance, studies that identify several elements that make a business model successful, and studies that identify business model

15、components.One of the reasons why we want to focus on the business model aspects of this industry is because of its large economic potential. Even with its relatively low adoption percentage in China, the industry is alr

16、eady generating large revenues. We thus want to understand how the industry has evolved and how it will be able to generate further growth. The business model literature is quite rich and sometimes overwhelming. In many

17、instances scholars have tended to emphasize some aspects over others and many of their models have involved static analysis of the components that the authors believe affect the economic success of companies. These stati

18、c models are, to a certain extent ineffective when we are analyzing an emerging industry, as they have to go through many challenges before they have a viable business model. MacInnes (2004a) provides a four stage dynami

19、c business model framework that takes into consideration the dynamic aspects of an evolving industry. The model was designed specifically for emerging industries such as the Chinese online game market.2.1. The dynamic bu

20、siness model frameworkThe dynamic business model framework was designed to take into consideration the evolution that businesses experience as they become more knowledgeable about their industry. This is particularly tru