簡(jiǎn)介：1中文中文3780字畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院生物科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院專業(yè)食品科學(xué)與工程姓名學(xué)號(hào)070301109外文出處JOURNALOFCHROMATOGRAPHYA,7641997177–182附件外文資料原文指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)簽名年月日用外文寫2動(dòng)注射分析的電化學(xué)檢測(cè)法（ECD法），使各種脂肪和油樣中游離脂肪酸的測(cè)定更加簡(jiǎn)便快捷。因?yàn)橹舅岷靠梢杂蓽y(cè)量流動(dòng)信號(hào)峰高和面積得出,該方法也適用于液相色譜電化學(xué)檢測(cè)法測(cè)定脂肪酸含量。高效液相色譜電化學(xué)檢測(cè)法被認(rèn)定為一種不用衍生物檢測(cè)高級(jí)脂肪酸的簡(jiǎn)便方法。2．實(shí)驗(yàn)．實(shí)驗(yàn)21．試劑棕櫚酸995、硬脂酸995、油酸99、亞油酸99，均購(gòu)自和光試劑公司日本大阪。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)酸溶液都用乙醇乙腈1090混合溶液溶解。以下油樣都是從市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)得山茶油資生堂牌，日本東京、玉米油和油菜籽油林時(shí)計(jì)化工，日本東京、橄欖油宮澤醫(yī)藥，日本東京，大豆油關(guān)東化學(xué)，日本東京。乙醇乙腈1090混合溶液和一個(gè)裝有6MM維生素K376MM高氯酸鋰的柱子分別作為流動(dòng)相和醌溶液。電解液中的高氯酸鋰可以減少電化學(xué)電池的電阻。圖1高效液相系統(tǒng)流動(dòng)相是乙醇乙腈混合溶劑，醌溶液為6MM維生素K76MM高氯酸鋰的乙醇乙腈溶液，DG是除氣裝置，P1、P2是泵，S是樣品注射器（20ΜL），分離柱（色譜柱100RP18,250MM4MM,5微米）；MC是混合柱線圈（50厘米），D是電化學(xué)檢測(cè)器、電化學(xué)電池和電位儀，R是記錄儀。22儀器高效液相色譜電化學(xué)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)如圖1所示,包括除氣器分光公司DG98050型，日本東京、泵P1和P2分光PU980型、樣品注射器羅丹尼7125型,美國(guó)加利福尼亞、結(jié)構(gòu)性柱（ODS柱色譜柱100RP18,250MM34MM5MM,CICAMERCK公司，日本東京、電化學(xué)電池分光EC840型,電位儀皇氏電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)311B型，日本川崎、記錄儀分光807IT型。電化學(xué)電池由玻碳工作電極、飽和甘汞電極

簡(jiǎn)介：中文3640字本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯外文題目DECONTAMINATIONOFFOODPACKINGMATERIALUSINGMOISTHEAT譯文題目熱敷法凈化食品包裝材料熱敷法凈化食品包裝材料學(xué)生姓名專業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化指導(dǎo)教師姓名評(píng)閱日期材料過(guò)程中的溫度是不是可選擇的項(xiàng)目，我們關(guān)心的主要原因是霉菌的存在。即使是在熱成型加工后的包裝材料上，霉菌的孢子也經(jīng)常被發(fā)現(xiàn)。由于這個(gè)原因以及可用性和易用性耕作，青霉菌干酪的孢子得到應(yīng)用。材料與方法材料與方法材料材料這種包裝材料由3545MM形磁盤組成，這張磁盤550ΜM來(lái)自于羅格輪，比利時(shí)。這種真菌孢子是青霉菌干酪型號(hào)CB2，獲得于德國(guó)。云母是含有水分的硅酸鎂，從普洛伊格，拉莫斯，斯海爾托亨博斯，荷蘭獲得。攪拌器是電磁攪拌器，型號(hào)海道爾夫MR2002，攪拌棒直徑8MM，長(zhǎng)度50MM。介質(zhì)介質(zhì)稀釋的麥芽膠，包含瓊脂（胰蛋白酶）20G，麥芽膏（培養(yǎng)基CM47）20G，蒸餾水1000ML。媒介是在高壓，115℃條件下處理15MIN的。蛋白胨鹽溶液含蛋白胨鹽（培養(yǎng)基CM733）95G，其中含有蛋白胨1G，氯化鈉85G，蒸餾水1000ML。媒介在高壓，120℃條件下處理20MIN。麥芽膏培養(yǎng)基含有麥芽膏（蛋白胨CM57）200G，其中麥芽膏170G，真菌蛋白胨30G，蒸餾水1000ML。媒介在高壓，115℃條件下處理10MIN。包裝機(jī)包裝機(jī)一臺(tái)樣機(jī)已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了，在臺(tái)機(jī)器中可以使用潮濕和高溫干燥的環(huán)境來(lái)處理包裝材料。這款設(shè)計(jì)基于假設(shè)如果這種方法成功，將被用于制袋填充封合設(shè)備中。這臺(tái)機(jī)器因此裝有兩塊加熱板。這臺(tái)機(jī)器的原理圖如圖1。

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文3659字FORMATIONOFINTERNALCRACKSINSTEELBILLETSDURINGSOFTREDUCTION畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯學(xué)生劉濤指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師周東2009年斤容量的真空感應(yīng)爐，一個(gè)圓柱鋼模，兩個(gè)固定在圓形模具上的平輥機(jī)架。圖1在真空爐中，剛將會(huì)被熔融，然后拋入內(nèi)部直徑為116毫米并充滿惰性氣體的模具中。待鋼液在模具中固化一段時(shí)間，此時(shí)間定義為等待時(shí)間，鋼坯的一些液態(tài)核心將進(jìn)入兩個(gè)輥站。每個(gè)輥機(jī)由4個(gè)安放在同一平面上直徑220毫米的輥組成。此外，兩個(gè)相鄰的輥互相垂直。實(shí)驗(yàn)材料為100CR6的軸承鋼，通過(guò)改變等待時(shí)間來(lái)改變殼厚度。在所有測(cè)試中，澆注溫度都為1550℃，輥的角速度為1R/MIN，相當(dāng)11M/MIN的鑄造速度。100CR6鋼的化學(xué)成份和試驗(yàn)參數(shù)分別見(jiàn)表1和表2。表1100CR6鋼的化學(xué)成份WTCSIMNPSCRNBTINIVALW094024033001600091440004000400600070001001

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文55185518字出處出處JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY142200320–28翻譯原文翻譯原文DELTAFERRITEPREDICTIONINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSUSINGNEURALNETWORKANALYSISANDCOMPARISONWITHOTHERPREDICTIONMETHODSMVASUDEVANA,?,AKBHADURIA,BALDEVRAJA,KPRASADRAOBAMETALLURGYANDMATERIALSGROUP,INDIRAGANDHICENTREFORATOMICRESEARCH,KALPAKKAM,INDIABDEPARTMENTOFMETALLURGY,INDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,CHENNAI,INDIARECEIVED2MAY2002RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM11DECEMBER2002ACCEPTED17FEBRUARY2003ABSTRACTTHEABILITYTOPREDICTTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSISIMPORTANTFORMANYREASONSDEPENDINGONTHESERVICEREQUIREMENT,MANUFACTURERSANDCONSUMERSOFTENSPECIFYDELTAFERRITECONTENTASANALLOYSPECIFICATIONTOENSURETHATWELDCONTAINSADESIREDMINIMUMORMAXIMUMFERRITELEVELRECENTRESEARCHACTIVITIESHAVEBEENFOCUSEDONSTUDYINGTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSALLOYINGELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTANDCONTROLLINGDELTAFERRITECONTENTBYMODIFYINGTHEWELDMETALCOMPOSITIONSOVERTHEYEARS,ANUMBEROFMETHODSINCLUDINGCONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMS,FUNCTIONFITMODEL,FEEDFORWARDBACKPROPAGATIONNEURALNETWORKMODELHAVEBEENPUTFORWARDFORPREDICTINGTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSAMONGALLTHEMETHODS,NEURALNETWORKMETHODWASREPORTEDTOBEMOREACCURATECOMPAREDTOOTHERMETHODSAPOTENTIALRISKASSOCIATEDWITHNEURALNETWORKANALYSISISOVERFITTINGOFTHETRAININGDATATOAVOIDOVERFITTING,MACKAYHASDEVELOPEDABAYESIANFRAMEWORKTOCONTROLTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHENEURALNETWORKMAINADVANTAGESOFTHISMETHODARETHATITPROVIDESMEANINGFULERRORBARSFORTHEMODELPREDICTIONSANDALSOITISPOSSIBLETOIDENTIFYAUTOMATICALLYTHEINPUTVARIABLESWHICHAREIMPORTANTINTHECONTENTHENCE,THEDELTAFERRITECONTENTESTIMATEDUSINGTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMWOULDALWAYSBELESSACCURATEANDMAYNEVERBECLOSETOTHEACTUALMEASUREDVALUEINTHEFUNCTIONFITMODEL7FORESTIMATINGFERRITE,THEDIFFERENCEINFREEENERGYBETWEENTHEFERRITEANDTHEAUSTENITEWASCALCULATEDASAFUNCTIONOFCOMPOSITIONANDTHISWASRELATEDTOFERRITENUMBERFNTHEEQUATIONUSEDINTHISMODELTODETERMINEFNISGIVENBELOWFNA1EXPBC_G?11WHEREA,BANDCARETHECONSTANTSTHEADVANTAGESOFTHISSEMIEMPIRICALMODELOVERTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMINCLUDEITSCONSIDERINGEFFECTOFOTHERALLOYINGELEMENTSANDTHEEASEOFEXTRAPOLATIONTOHIGHERCREQANDNIEQVALUESTHISFUNCTIONFITMETHODCANBEUSEDFORAWIDERANGEOFWELDMETALCOMPOSITIONSANDOWINGTOTHEANALYTICALFORMOFTHISMODEL,THEFNCANBEQUANTIFIEDEASILYHOWEVER,THEACCURACYOFTHISMETHODISNOTGREATERTHANTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMVITEKETAL8,9SOUGHTTOOVERCOMETHEMAJORLIMITATIONOFTHECONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMANDTHEFUNCTIONFITMETHODOFNOTTAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHEELEMENTALINTERACTIONS,BYUSINGNEURALNETWORKSFORPREDICTINGFERRITEINSSWELDSTHEIMPROVEMENTINACCURACYINPREDICTINGTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTBYUSINGNEURALNETWORKS,INVOLVINGAFEEDFORWARDNETWORKWITHABACKPROPAGATIONOPTIMIZATIONSCHEME,HASBEENCLEARLYBROUGHTINTHEIRSTUDYTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTFORAFEWBASECOMPOSITIONSWASEXAMINEDBYCALCULATINGTHEFNASAFUNCTIONOFCOMPOSITIONHOWEVER,ITWASNOTPOSSIBLEINTHEIRANALYSISTODIRECTLYINTERPRETTHEELEMENTALCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEFINALFNTHEPREDICTIONANDMEASUREMENTOFFERRITEINSSWELDSREMAINSOFSCIENTIFICINTERESTDUETOLIMITATIONSINALLTHECURRENTMETHODS,ANDNEWERMETHODSANDCONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMSARECONTINUOUSLYBEINGPROPOSEDTOPREDICTTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTFORAWIDERRANGEOFSSTYPESITWASINTHISCONTEXTTHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAMOREACCURATENEURALNETWORKBASEDPREDICTIVETOOLFORESTIMATINGTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSALLOYINGELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTFORDIFFERENTSSWELDSWASTAKENUPINTHISWORKAPOTENTIALRISKASSOCIATEDWITHNEURALNETWORKANALYSISISOVERFITTINGOFTHE

簡(jiǎn)介：附錄附錄外文翻譯外文翻譯APPLICATIONOFBLASTINGINDRIVINGTUNNEL1FRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATIONISTHEBREAKINGOFCOAL,ORE,ORROCKBYBLASTINGSOTHATTHEBULKOFTHEMATERIALISSMALLENOUGHTOLOAD,HANDLEANDTRANSPORTFRAGMENTATIONWOULDBEATITSBESTWHENTHEDEBRISISNOTSMALLERTHANNECESSARYFORHANDLINGANDNOTSOLARGEASTOREQUIREHANDBREAKINGORSECONDARYBLASTINGENERGYMUSTBESUPPLIEDTOROCKBYDIRECTORINDIRECTMEANSTOFRAGMENTTHATROCKANDTHETYPEOFLOADINGSYSTEMFRAGMENTATIONENERGYISCONSUMEDBYTHEMAINMECHANISMS1CREATIONOFNEWSURFACEAREAFRACTUREENERGY,2FRICTIONPLASTICITYAND3ELASTICWAVEENEGYDISPERSIONTHELOADINGMETHODDETERMINESTHERELATIVEPROPORTIONSANDTHEAMOUNTOFENERGYCONSUMEDINFRAGMENTINGAGIVENROCKTYPEUNONFINEDTENSILEFAILURECONSUMESTHELEASTENERGYWITHANINCREASINGA,MOUNTOFENERGYREQUIREDASTHEROCKISMOREHIGHLYCONFINEDWITHINACOMPRESSIVESTRESSFIELDDURINGFRAGMENTATIONTHEWAYENERGYISAPPLIEDBYTOOLSTOCAUSEROCKORMINERALFRAGMENTATIONISIMPORTANTINDETERMININGFRAGMENTATIONEFFICIENCYTOBESTDESIGNFRAGMENTATIONTOOLSANDOPTIMIZEFRAGMENTATIONSYSTEMSITWOULDBEDESIRABLETOKNOWHOWROCKPROPERTIESINFLUENCEBREAKAGETHESTRENGTHOFROCKISINFLUENCEDBYTHEENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONSIMPOSEDONTHEROCKTHOSEOFMOSTIMPORTANCEINROCKARE1CONFININGPRESSURE,2POREFLUIDPRESSURE,3TEMPERATUREAND4RATEOFLOADAPPLICATIONINCREASEINCONFININGPRESSURE,ASWITHINCREASINGDEPTHBENEATHTHEARTHSSURFACEORUNDERTHEACTIONOFAFRAGMENTATIONTOOL,CAUSESANINCREASEINROCKSTRENGTHAPPARENTROCKSTRENGTHDECREASESASPORCFLUIDPRESSUREINCREASES,SINCEITDECREASESTHEEFFECTOFCONFININGPRESSUREALTHOUGHCHEMICALEFFECTSOFPOREFLUIDSINFLUENCEROCKSTRENGTH,THEYGENERALLYARESMALLCOMPAREDTOTHECONFININGPRESSUREEFFECT,EXCEPTFORASMALLMINORITYOFROCKTYPESINCREASEINROCKTEMPERATURECAUSESADECREASEINROCKSTRENGTHTHISEFFECTISVERYSMALLBECAUSEOFTHESMALLAMBIENTTEMPERATURECHANGESCOMPRESSEDAIRCHARGERSHAVEBEENINUSEISSWEDENFORABOUT20YEARSTHEFIRSTTYPECONSISTEDOFALUMINUMPIPESCONNECTEDTOGETHERANDTHECARTRIDGESWEREBLOWNINTOTHEHOLEWITHANAIRPRESSUREOF42POUNDSPERSQUAREINCHSINCETHATTIMETHECHARGINGTUBEHASBEENREPLACEDBYANTISTATICTREATEDPLASTICHOSEOFASPECIALDESIGNACHARGERINCLUDESAFOOTOPERATEDVALVE,REDUCTIONVAVLEWITHAIRHOSE,BREECH,CONNECTINGTUBEANDCHARGINGHOSETHESEMIAUTOMATICCHARGERPERMITSTHECONTINUOUSINSERTIONOFEXPLOSIVECARTRIDGEATTHESAMERATEASTHEYARECHARGEDINTHEHOLEBYTHEHOSEINSTEADOFAVALVEBEINGUSED,THECARTRIDGESPASSTHROUGHANAIRLOCKBETWEENTWOFLAPSTHEAIRPRESSUREINTHECHARGINGHOSEISRETAINEDWHILECARTRIDGESAREPRESSUREINTHECHARGINGHOSEISRETAINEDWHILECARTRIDGESAREBEINSINSERTEDTHESEMIAUTOMATICCHARGERPERMITSCONSIDERABLYHIGHERCHARGINGCAPACITYTHANTHENORMALTYPEOFCHARGEREXPLOSIVESINTHEFORMOFTHEFORMOFLOOSEMATERIAL,USUALLYAMMONIUMNITRATEEXPLOSIVESANFO,REQUIRESPECIALCHARGERSTWOTYPESCANBEDIFFERENTIATEDPRESSRUREVESSELMACHINESANDEJECTORUNITSPRESSUREVESSELMACHINESAREPARTICULARLYSUITABLEFORCRYSTALLINEANEXPLOSIVESWITHGOODCHARGINGCAPACITYEJECTORUNITSAREOPERATEBYANEJECTORSUCKINGUPEXPLOSIVEFROMACONTAINERTHROUGHACHARGINGHOSETHEEXPLOSIVEISTHENBLOWNTHROUGHTHECHARGINGHOSEINTOTHEDRILLHOLETHEREARE,ALSOCOMBINEDPRESSUREEJECTORMACHINESTHECHARGINGHOSEUSEDFORANFOCHARGINGOPERATIONSMUSTCONDUCTELECTRICITYANDHAVEARESISTANCEOFATLEAST1K?/MANDMAX30K?/MNITRONOBELHASDEVELOPEDASPECIALPUMPINGPROCEDUREWHICHCONSISTSOFATANKERVEHICLEWHICHISUSEDTOPUMPEXPLOSIVEDIRECTLYTHEDRILLHOLESTHECHARGINGCAPACITYISVERYHIGHINTHECASEOFLARGEDIAMETERDRILLHOLES3CONTROLLEDBLASTINGTECHNIQUTESCONTROLLEDBLASTINGISUSEDTOREDUCEOVERBREAKANDMINIMIZEFRACTURINGOFTHEROCKATTHEBOUNDARYOFANEXCAVATIONTHEFOURBASICCONTROLLEDBLASTINGTECHNIQUESARELINEDRILLING,PRESPLITTING,CUSHIONBLASTINGANDSMOOTHBLASTINGLINEDRILLING,THEEARLIESTCONTROLLEDBLASTINGTECHNIQUE,INVOLVESDRILLINGAROWOFCLOSELYSPACEDHOLESALONGTHEFINALEXCAVATIONLINE,PROVIDINGAPLANEOFWEAKNESSTO

簡(jiǎn)介：EXPERIENCEFINANCIALCRISESTHEDESIRETOELIMINATETHESECRISESLEDMANYGOVERNMENTSTOINTERVENEINASIGNIFICANTWAYINTHEFINANCIALSYSTEMCENTRALBANKSORSOMEOTHERREGULATORYAUTHORITYARECHARGEDWITHREGULATINGTHEBANKINGSYSTEMANDOTHERINTERMEDIARIES,SUCHASINSURANCECOMPANIESSOINMOSTCOUNTRIESGOVERNMENTSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHEOPERATIONOFFINANCIALSYSTEMSTHISINTERVENTIONMEANSTHATTHEPOLITICALSYSTEM,WHICHDETERMINESTHEGOVERNMENTANDITSPOLICIES,ISALSORELEVANTFORTHEFINANCIALSYSTEMTHEREARESOMEHISTORICALINSTANCESWHEREFINANCIALMARKETSANDINSTITUTIONSHAVEOPERATEDINTHEABSENCEOFAWELLDEFINEDLEGALSYSTEM,RELYINGINSTEADONREPUTATIONANDOTHERIMPLICITMECHANISMSHOWEVER,INMOSTFINANCIALSYSTEMSTHELAWPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEITDETERMINESWHATKINDSOFCONTRACTSAREFEASIBLE,WHATKINDSOFGOVERNANCEMECHANISMSCANBEUSEDFORCORPORATIONS,THERESTRICTIONSTHATCANBEPLACEDONSECURITIESANDSOFORTHHENCE,THELEGALSYSTEMISANIMPORTANTCOMPONENTOFAFINANCIALSYSTEMAFINANCIALSYSTEMISMUCHMORETHANALLOFTHIS,HOWEVERANIMPORTANTPREREQUISITEOFTHEABILITYTOWRITECONTRACTSANDENFORCERIGHTSOFVARIOUSKINDSISASYSTEMOFACCOUNTINGINADDITIONTOALLOWINGCONTRACTSTOBEWRITTEN,ANACCOUNTINGSYSTEMALLOWSINVESTORSTOVALUEACOMPANYMOREEASILYANDTOASSESSHOWMUCHITWOULDBEPRUDENTTOLENDTOITACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONISONLYONETYPEOFINFORMATIONALBEITTHEMOSTIMPORTANTREQUIREDBYFINANCIALSYSTEMSTHEINCENTIVESTOGENERATEANDDISSEMINATEINFORMATIONARECRUCIALFEATURESOFAFINANCIALSYSTEMWITHOUTSIGNIFICANTAMOUNTSOFHUMANCAPITALITWILLNOTBEPOSSIBLEFORANYOFTHESECOMPONENTSOFAFINANCIALSYSTEMTOOPERATEEFFECTIVELYWELLTRAINEDLAWYERS,ACCOUNTANTSANDFINANCIALPROFESSIONALSSUCHASBANKERSARECRUCIALFORANEFFECTIVEFINANCIALSYSTEM,ASTHEEXPERIENCEOFEASTERNEUROPEDEMONSTRATESTHELITERATUREONCOMPARATIVEFINANCIALSYSTEMSISATANEARLYSTAGEOURSURVEYBUILDSONPREVIOUSOVERVIEWSBYALLEN1993,ALLENANDGALE1995ANDTHAKOR1996THESEOVERVIEWSHAVEFOCUSEDONTWOSETSOFISSUES1NORMATIVEHOWEFFECTIVEAREDIFFERENTTYPESOFFINANCIALSYSTEMATVARIOUSFUNCTIONS2POSITIVEWHATDRIVESTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEFINANCIALSYSTEMTHEFIRSTSETOFISSUESISCONSIDEREDINSECTIONS26,WHICHFOCUSONISSUESOFINVESTMENTANDSAVING,GROWTH,RISKSHARING,INFORMATIONPROVISIONANDCORPORATEGOVERNANCE,RESPECTIVELYSECTION7CONSIDERSTHEINFLUENCEOFLAWANDPOLITICSONTHEFINANCIALSYSTEMWHILESECTION8LOOKSATTHEROLEFINANCIALCRISESHAVEHADINSHAPINGTHEFINANCIALSYSTEMSECTION9CONTAINSCONCLUDINGREMARKS2INVESTMENTANDSAVINGONEOFTHEPRIMARYPURPOSESOFTHEFINANCIALSYSTEMISTOALLOWSAVINGSTOBEINVESTEDINFIRMSINASERIESOFIMPORTANTPAPERS,MAYER1988,1990DOCUMENTSHOWFIRMSOBTAINEDFUNDSANDFINANCEDINVESTMENTINANUMBEROFDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESTABLE2SHOWSTHERESULTSFROMTHEMOSTRECENTSETOFSTUDIES,BASEDONDATAFROM19701989,USINGMAYER’SMETHODOLOGYTHEFIGURESUSEDATAOBTAINEDFROMSOURCESANDUSESOFFUNDSSTATEMENTSFORFRANCE,THEDATAAREFROMBERTERO1994,WHILEFORTHEUS,UK,JAPANANDGERMANYTHEYAREFROMCORBETTANDJENKINSON1996ITCANBESEENTHATINTERNALFINANCEISBYFARTHEMOSTIMPORTANTSOURCEOFFUNDSINALLCOUNTRIESBANKFINANCEIS

簡(jiǎn)介：CRISIS,CONTAGIONANDBAILOUTSWHATSNEXTFORTHEEUROPEANUNIONEUROPEANFINANCIALOFFICIALSFINALLYGOTOUTINFRONTOFSWIFTMOVINGMARKETDEVELOPMENTSONMAY10THBYLAUNCHINGAHUGE960BILLION750BILLIONEUROFINANCIALSTABILIZATIONPLANEXCEEDINGMOSTEXPECTATIONSTOBAILOUTGREECEANDENSURETHEVIABILITYOFTHEEUROPEANMONETARYUNION,ATLEASTFORNOWSOMEOBSERVERSSAYTHEMOVEPREVENTEDAPOTENTIALFINANCIALMELTDOWNINWHICHCONCERNSOVERSOVEREIGNDEBTDEFAULTSWOULDHAVESWIFTLYLEDTOLARGESCALEBANKRUNSINSOMEEUROPEANCOUNTRIESMANYEXPERTSTHISWEEKEXPECTEDTHEPACKAGETOCONTINUETOCALMMARKETSATLEASTTEMPORARILYBYGUARANTEEINGMOSTSOVEREIGNANDSOMEPRIVATEDEBTINGREECEORBYPROVIDINGCREDITFOROTHERTROUBLEDMEMBERECONOMIESINTHEFUTURE,INCLUDINGPORTUGAL,SPAINANDIRELANDTHEBAILOUTWHICHALSOINCLUDESSOMEBILATERALLOANAGREEMENTS,USFUNDSANDDOLLARSWAPAGREEMENTSTHROUGHTHEFEDERALRESERVEHADTHEIMMEDIATEEFFECTOFSWEEPINGAWAYFEARSOFAPOSSIBLECOLLAPSEOFTHEEUROZONESFINANCIALSYSTEMSUCHANOUTCOMEWOULDHAVESETOFFANEWROUNDOFRECESSIONINEUROPEANDMIGHTHAVEDRAGGEDTHEWORLDFINANCIALSYSTEMBACKTOTHEDEPTHSREACHED12TO18MONTHSAGOORWORSESOMECRITICSSTILLVIEWTHEOVERALLSTABILIZATIONPACKAGE,WHICHLEFTMANYDETAILSVAGUE,ASASHORTTERMFIXTHATULTIMATELYWILLFAILTOADDRESSDEEPPUBLICANDPRIVATEDEBTLEVELS,PRESSINGFISCALDEFICITSANDPERSISTENTINTERNALANDEXTERNALTRADEIMBALANCESONEEXPLANATIONFORWHYEUROPESFINANCIALAUTHORITIESDIDNOTACTSOONERTOAVERTPOTENTIALDISASTERTHELEADINGPLAYERINANYSTABILIZATIONMEASUREISGERMANY,BECAUSEOFTHESIZEANDSTRENGTHOFITSECONOMYBUTGERMANYWASCAUGHTUPINREGIONALELECTIONSINNORTHRHINEWESTPHALIATHATWERECRITICALTOTHEFUTUREOFANGELAPOLITICALSOTHISISNOTJUSTABOUTECONOMICSITISALSOABOUTPOLITICSCRITERIAHAVINGTODOWITHBUDGETDEFICITSANDHAVINGTODOWITHTHEWAYINWHICHYOUAREMAKINGSUREYOURCOUNTRYCANREMAINCOMPETITIVEAFTERYOUHAVEESSENTIALLYGIVENAWAYAVERYIMPORTANTPOLICYOPTIONINYOURTOOLKIT,WHICHISTODEVALUEYOURCURRENCYINOTHERWORDS,YOUARESURRENDERINGYOURSOVEREIGNTYINTERMSOFYOURCURRENCY,WHICHMEANSTHATWHENYOUAREINHARDTIMES,YOUCANNOTDEVALUEINORDERTOBECOMEMORECOMPETITIVEBUTATTHESAMETIME,THEARCHITECTSOFTHISMONETARYUNION10YEARSAGODIDNTTHINKABOUTWHATSHOULDBEDONEINCASEONEORMORECOUNTRIESACTUALLYGETINTOTROUBLETHEYDIDNTTHINKABOUTWHATKINDSOFINSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTANDDECISIONMAKINGPROCEDURESHOULDBEINPLACETOTACKLEACRISISTHATUNFORTUNATELYASALWAYSHAPPENSWITHTHESESOVEREIGNDEBTCRISESHASBUILTUPOVERAVERY,VERYLONGPERIODOFTIMEBUTTHECRISESUNFOLDVERYQUICKLYSOTHEROOTSOFTHESITUATIONARETOBEFOUNDINTHELASTFIVEYEARSOR10YEARSANDPROBABLYTHELAST15YEARS,SINCEGREECE,PORTUGAL,SPAINANDSOONBECAMEMEMBERSOFTHEEUROPEANUNIONINTHEMID1980SBUTTHEUNFOLDINGOFTHECRISISACTUALLYHASTAKENPLACEOVERJUSTAPERIODOFTWOMONTHSORTHREEMONTHSAND,THEREFORE,IFYOUDIDNTPLAN,ESPECIALLYINSTITUTIONALLY,FORTHESITUATIONTHENTHEREISNOWAYINREALTIMETHATYOUCANACTUALLYPUTINPLACETHEMECHANISMSTOCOPEWITHTHESITUATIONSAIKATSAIKATCHAUDHURICHAUDHURITHELATESTECONOMICCRISISSHOWSITSTIMETOCREATETHERIGHTINSTITUTIONSANDMECHANISMSFORDEALINGWITHTHEKINDSOFFINANCIALCRISESSEENINEUROPELASTWEEKWILLWESEEMORECRISESITHINKTHATINAGLOBALECONOMICSYSTEMWEWILLSEEMORECRISESTHATSJUSTTHENATUREOFITITHINKITISAGOODTIMETOSTARTTHINKINGABOUTTHERIGHTINSTITUTIONSANDMECHANISMSATTHOSELEVELS,WHICHCANRESPONDTOTHESETYPESOFCRISESINANEFFECTIVEFASHIONANDTHATSBEENTHELESSONFROMTHEGLOBALFINANCIALCRISISITHINKTHATSTHELESSONFROMTHEGREECEPACKAGEITHINKTHATKNOWLEDGEREACHEDACERTAINLEVELINEUROPEANDTHATWEWILLSEEASTRONGRESPONSECOMINGFROMEUROPE,FROMGERMANY,FRANCEANDOTHERCOUNTRIESTHEYCANT

簡(jiǎn)介：中文2272字出處GUALOUSH,ALCICEKG,DIABY,ETALLITHIUMIONCAPACITORCHARACTERIZATIONANDMODELLINGC//ESSCAP2008ONCD鋰離子電容器的表征和建模GUALOUSH,ALCICEKG,DIABY,ETAL摘要摘要制定一個(gè)快速充電電路總線系統(tǒng)，元太科技一直在測(cè)試一些像超級(jí)電容器和具有高功率密度的電能部件。不過(guò)，由于其能量密度較差，超級(jí)電容器只能限制在其平均的兩點(diǎn)之間。另一方面，電流決定了電池的循環(huán)壽命。為了克服這一問(wèn)題，元太科技與FCLAB實(shí)驗(yàn)室和安培實(shí)驗(yàn)室合作，研究應(yīng)用快速充電鋰離子電容器。我們要評(píng)估的是對(duì)于存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)在重型電動(dòng)裝置方面是否滿足總線能量和能源的需求。我們注意到，對(duì)于鋰離子技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)相比，傳統(tǒng)超級(jí)電容在功率密度和額定電壓方面有更好的優(yōu)勢(shì)的事實(shí)。在這項(xiàng)研究中，鋰離子電容器的表征和建模的方法和用雙層活性炭技術(shù)的超級(jí)電容是相同的。在這里，我們討論下鋰離子電容器的效率問(wèn)題。一、引言一、引言鋰離子電容器是一種新型的存儲(chǔ)裝置，在相同的市場(chǎng)下相比，它結(jié)合了高功率密度和高能量密度。它是具有比傳統(tǒng)超級(jí)電容高四倍的能量密度的電容器。該鋰離子電容器的就夠是由兩個(gè)電極構(gòu)成。在正極是由活性炭作為雙電層電容，負(fù)極使用的是鋰離子參雜著碳。這項(xiàng)新的電極技術(shù)提高了負(fù)極的負(fù)載能力，并且增加了兩極之間的電勢(shì)差。這是基于鋰離子的電解質(zhì)。圖1顯示了雙層電容器的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和鋰離子電容器的基本結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢钥闯觯?fù)極是鋰離子參雜碳的電解質(zhì)的形式。等效電容是正極電容密度串聯(lián)上負(fù)極鋰離子的密度。等效電容表達(dá)式可表示如下（1）CLICDLCEQ111??當(dāng)CLICDL?CEQ≈CDL（2）阻和電容的直流測(cè)量方法是基于鋰離子電容器的恒流放電。在第一次逼近過(guò)程中，鋰離子電容器的特點(diǎn)可以由一個(gè)等效串聯(lián)電阻和電容來(lái)等效。其漏電流和鋰離子電容器感應(yīng)的效果可以忽略不計(jì)。這個(gè)用于確定等效串聯(lián)電阻和電容的方法將在圖4和圖5中呈現(xiàn)。圖3鋰離子電容器充電和放電過(guò)程的電壓變化，電流為100A等效電容值是有鋰離子電容器的充電和放電在恒定電流和額定電壓38V和22V之間計(jì)算的（圖4）。等效電容值的計(jì)算表達(dá)式如下所示3VTIC???符號(hào)I是放電電流，△TT1和△VV2V1。其中V1VMIN40（VMAXVMIN）和V2VMIN80（VMAXVMIN）。圖4鋰離子電容器恒流放電在公式3中，I為電流，△T是充電或放電時(shí)間，△V是鋰離子電容器的電壓變化值。用這個(gè)表達(dá)式我們已經(jīng)確定了充放電在50A、100A、150A及200A條件下的等效電容。表一鋰離子充電電容值和放電電容值CURRENTACEACHFCEQDISFCEQDIS/CEQCH502118210099

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文5315字出處出處SUND,SUNX,NORTHWOODDO,ETALTHERMOELECTRICPOWERCHARACTERIZATIONOFA2024ALUMINUMALLOYDURINGSOLUTIONTREATMENTANDAGINGJMATERIALSCHARACTERIZATION,1996,3628392熱電勢(shì)和電功率表征熱電勢(shì)和電功率表征2024航空鋁合金的固溶和時(shí)效過(guò)程航空鋁合金的固溶和時(shí)效過(guò)程DARENSUN2,1,XICHENSUN1,DEREKONORTHWOOD2,JERRYHSOKOLOWSKI1（1機(jī)械與材料工程學(xué)系溫莎大學(xué)安大略省加拿大N9B3P4；2工程材料系吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)春省中華人民共和國(guó)130012）摘要研究結(jié)果表明，與通過(guò)用顯微硬度和光學(xué)顯微鏡手段相比，采用熱電勢(shì)和電功率（熱功當(dāng)量）測(cè)定技術(shù)研究2024航空鋁合金的意義在于改變了固溶處理溫度和時(shí)間，且在500℃時(shí)固溶，效果最佳。在固溶處理過(guò)程中的熱電勢(shì)的變化與OAL相中的合金元素溶解度的變化相關(guān)。在人工時(shí)效過(guò)程中，熱電勢(shì)的值隨時(shí)效時(shí)間增加而減小，但在時(shí)效的不同階段表現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn)。在初始階段，熱電勢(shì)下降緩慢，并且實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示在溫度低于190°C時(shí)效中所測(cè)熱電勢(shì)為脈動(dòng)波。這種波動(dòng)是由于GI區(qū)，GPB區(qū)以及Θ，Θ”，S”和S相的形成時(shí)，對(duì)熱電勢(shì)的變化作出的貢獻(xiàn)不同。在相同的固溶溫度下，不同時(shí)效溫度下與熱電勢(shì)的值相對(duì)應(yīng)的最高硬度是相同的。在波峰以后的波段，熱電勢(shì)的值下降很快，這是因?yàn)樵讦L的合金元素的溶解度隨時(shí)效時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而減少。在時(shí)效過(guò)程中，熱電勢(shì)測(cè)定技術(shù)通過(guò)測(cè)定熱電勢(shì)的變化成功的觀測(cè)了沉淀析出引起的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，這由光學(xué)顯微鏡是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。1引言引言2024鋁合金廣泛應(yīng)用于飛機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)件，鉚接構(gòu)件，卡車車輪，絲機(jī)系列產(chǎn)品以及其它多種結(jié)構(gòu)件。它是一種經(jīng)過(guò)固溶處理，淬火以及人工時(shí)效處理的沉淀硬化鋁合金，以得到最佳的機(jī)械性能組合。固溶處理即為固相的溶解過(guò)程，此固溶處理的固溶溫度結(jié)果必須慎重選擇。溶解度溫度的關(guān)系可以通過(guò)AL–CU相圖作為一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明（見(jiàn)圖1）。銅在固態(tài)鋁中的固溶度隨固溶溫度的升高而增大，在相圖上較低的那條曲線（固相線）的溫度以上，銅在ΑAL中是完全溶解的。但是，在高于熔點(diǎn)溫度初期（即固相線），銅在鋁中的溶解度隨溫度升高而減小，因?yàn)樵谶@一個(gè)階段，開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)液相，而銅在液相中的溶解度比銅在固相中的更大。因此，固溶溫度應(yīng)介于固相線和開(kāi)始的熔融溫度（液相線）之間。圖1富鋁的ALCU端得平衡相圖在室溫和固溶線所示溫度之間，隨著溫度的升高或隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，這些沉淀相會(huì)連續(xù)的析出。這個(gè)沉淀相析出階段沉淀相析出順序一般表現(xiàn)為過(guò)飽和固溶體→GP區(qū)→Θ”→Θ’→AL2CU。與ALCU合金系類似，對(duì)于大多數(shù)可熱處理強(qiáng)化的鋁合金，它們的析出過(guò)程都經(jīng)歷幾個(gè)階段，同時(shí)伴隨著強(qiáng)度的改變。高強(qiáng)度固溶體在回火過(guò)程中析出沉淀相的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸極其微小，用光學(xué)顯微鏡不能觀測(cè)到。專業(yè)人士在研究時(shí)效和固溶的進(jìn)程中，人們采用了多種測(cè)試技術(shù)，如測(cè)定電阻率、測(cè)定熱膨脹量。近3實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與討論實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與討論31固溶溫度和時(shí)間的影響熱電勢(shì)的值△S（ΜV/K）和顯微硬度隨固溶溫度的變化情況可由圖3所示的函數(shù)圖像來(lái)描述。在固溶溫度低于500℃時(shí)，熱電勢(shì)的值隨固溶溫度的增加而增加，達(dá)到約500℃最高值，隨后隨著溫度的增加而下降，顯微硬度也是同樣的情況。圖3固溶溫度對(duì)2024鋁合金熱電勢(shì)和顯微硬度的影響。圖4是試樣在500°C固溶處理時(shí)熱電勢(shì)和固溶時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系，從中我們可以很容易地看出初期熱電勢(shì)的值隨時(shí)效時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而迅速增加，3分鐘后熱電勢(shì)的值基本穩(wěn)定，基本為一常數(shù)。圖4500°C固溶時(shí)熱電勢(shì)隨固溶時(shí)間的變化趨勢(shì)。

簡(jiǎn)介：CHAPTER4PREDICTINGANDMANAGINGSUPPLYCHAINRISKS1中文2930字CHAPTER4PREDICTINGANDMANAGINGSUPPLYCHAINRISKSSAMIRDANIWOLFSONSCHOOLOFMECHANICALANDMANUFACTURING,LOUGHBOROUGHUNIVERSITY,LOUGHBOROUGH,LEICESTERSHIRE,LE113TU,UK43RISKSINTHESUPPLYCHAININTODAY’SBUSINESSWORLDASUPPLYCHAINMAYBESTRETCHEDOUTACROSSTHEGLOBEINORDERTOPROVIDETHECUSTOMERWITHTHEPRODUCTATTHELOWESTCOSTANDHIGHESTQUALITYTHESUPPLYCHAINSARETHUSEXPOSEDTOAWHOLENEWSETOFFACTORS,WHICHCANCREATECHAOSANDDISRUPTIONLOCALPOLITICALTURMOIL,THEEVERINCREASINGCOMPLEXITYANDUNCERTAINTYOFWEATHERCONDITIONS,TERRORISM,COUNTERFEITING,ANDAPLETHORAOFOTHERSUCHISSUESCREATEEXTERNALRISKSINTHESUPPLYCHAINBUTTHISDOESNOTMEANTHATTHESUPPLYCHAINISDEVOIDOFANYRISKSINTERNALLYSUPPLIERISSUES,STRIKES,QUALITYPROBLEMS,ANDLOGISTICSISSUESAREMOREINTERNALOPERATIONALRISKS,WHICHNEEDADIFFERENTLEVELOFMITIGATIONZSIDISIN2003SUGGESTEDTHATRISKINASUPPLYCHAINCONTEXTCANBEDEFINEDASTHEPOTENTIALOCCURRENCEOFANINCIDENCEASSOCIATEDWITHINBOUNDSUPPLYINWHICHTHERESULTISTHEINABILITYOFTHEPURCHASINGORGANIZATIONTOMEETCUSTOMERDEMANDCHRISTOPHERANDPECK2003,TAKINGINSPIRATIONFROMMASONJONESANDTOWILL1998,HAVECATEGORISEDSUPPLYCHAINRISKINTOFIVECATEGORIES1INTERNALTOTHEFIRMPROCESS,CONTROL2EXTERNALTOTHEFIRMBUTINTERNALTOTHESUPPLYNETWORKDEMAND,SUPPLY3EXTERNALTOTHENETWORKENVIRONMENTALPECK2005,2006SUGGESTSTHATTHESOURCESANDDRIVERSOFSUPPLYCHAINRISKOPERATEATSEVERALDIFFERENTLEVELSTHESEAREINTRICATELYLINKEDASELEMENTSOFASYSTEM,ANDAREDESCRIBEDWITHINFOURDISCRETELEVELSOFANALYSIS1LEVEL1–VALUESTREAM/PRODUCTORPROCESS2LEVEL2–ASSETSANDINFRASTRUCTUREDEPENDENCIES3LEVEL3–ORGANISATIONSANDINTERORGANISATIONALNETWORKS4LEVEL4–THEENVIRONMENTEACHLEVELREFLECTSQUITEDIFFERENTPERSPECTIVESBUTTOGETHERTHESELEVELSCOVERELEMENTSOFASUPPLYCHAINANDTHEENVIRONMENTWITHINWHICHTHEYAREEMBEDDEDPECK2005THISHASALSOBEENSUGGESTEDBYFAISALETAL2006THATRISKSOURCESARETHEENVIRONMENTAL,ORGANIZATIONALORSUPPLYCHAINRELATEDVARIABLESTHATCANNOTBEPREDICTEDWITHCERTAINTYANDTHATAFFECTTHESUPPLYCHAINOUTCOMEVARIABLESSPEKMANANDDAVIS2004SUGGESTEDDIMENSIONSFORUNDERSTANDINGSUPPLYCHAINRISKSINCORPORATING1PHYSICALMOVEMENTOFGOODS2FLOWOFINFORMATION3FLOWOFMONEY4SECURITYOFTHEFIRM’SINTERNALINFORMATIONSYSTEMSCHAPTER4PREDICTINGANDMANAGINGSUPPLYCHAINRISKS31CARRYINGBUFFERSTOCKANDIMPROVINGINVENTORYMANAGEMENT2USINGALTERNATIVESOURCESOFSUPPLY3USEOFCONTRACTSTOMANAGEPRICEFLUCTUATIONSAND4QUALITYINITIATIVESTHESESUGGESTIONSREINFORCERESEARCHCONDUCTEDBYSMELTZERANDSIFERD1998WHOCONCLUDEDTHATRISKSASSOCIATEDWITHPOORSELECTIONOFSUPPLIERSCANBEREDUCEDBYDEVELOPINGQUALITYCERTIFICATIONPROGRAMSANDAUDITINGTHESUPPLIERSTOASSURETHATTHEYMEETTHEREQUIREDSTANDARDSLEEANDWHANG2003DEVELOPEDAMODELTOSHOWHOWFIRMSCANREDUCEINVENTORYDUETOLESSINSPECTIONTIMEANOTHERASPECTOFTHERESEARCHCONDUCTEDAROUNDMINIMISINGSUPPLIERRELATEDRISKISCONCERNEDWITHTHENUMBEROFSUPPLIERSBOTHSHEFFI2001ANDKLEINDORFERANDSAAD2005SUGGESTEDTHEUSEOFMULTIPLESUPPLIERSASAWAYTOREDUCECERTAINSUPPLYCHAINRISKSSINCETHEBEGINNINGOFTHECURRENTCENTURY,COMPANIESAREINCREASINGLYRECOGNISINGTHEIMPORTANCEOFRISKASSESSMENTPROGRAMSANDAREUSINGDIFFERENTMETHODS,RANGINGFROMFORMALQUANTITATIVEMODELSTOINFORMALQUALITATIVEPLANS,TOASSESSSUPPLYCHAINRISKSSOMEOFTHEENABLERSFORBETTERSUPPLYCHAINRISKMANAGEMENTINCLUDELEAN,SIXSIGMAANDAGILEPHILOSOPHIESCHRISTOPHERANDRUTHERFORD2004CHAPELLANDPECK2005EVENTMANAGEMENTSOFTWAREMALYKHINA2005ANDRADIOFREQUENCYIDENTIFICATIONRFIDNIEMEYERETAL2003THESEPROVIDEBETTERVISIBILITY,VELOCITYANDMOREEFFECTIVEPROCESSCONTROLCHRISTOPHERANDLEE2001ACCORDINGTONORRMANANDJANSSON2004,THESTAGESOFTHERISKMANAGEMENTPROCESSCANVARYFROMRISKIDENTIFICATION/ANALYSISORESTIMATIONVIARISKASSESSMENTOREVALUATIONTODIFFERENTWAYSOFRISKMANAGEMENTJUTTNERETAL2003SUGGESTTHATSUPPLYCHAINRISKMANAGEMENTISTHEPROCESSOFIDENTIFYINGANDMANAGINGRISKSINTHESUPPLYCHAINTHROUGHACOORDINATEDAPPROACHAMONGSTSUPPLYCHAINMEMBERSINORDERTOACHIEVETHESUPPLYCHAINOBJECTIVESRESEARCHERSHAVECONSIDEREDSUPPLYCHAINRISKMANAGEMENTFROMVARIOUSPERSPECTIVESGAUDENZIANDBORGHESI2006FINANCIALANDCORPORATEGOVERNANCEPERSPECTIVEMEULBROEK2002,PERSPECTIVEOFBUSINESSCONTINUITYANDCRISISMANAGEMENTADAMSETAL2002,THEABILITYTOREACTQUICKLYTOENSURECONTINUITYVANHOEK2003ROWBOTTOM2004,REPUTATIONMANAGEMENTPERSPECTIVEO’ROURKE2004,PERSPECTIVEORIENTEDTOWARDSTHEGOALOFRELIABILITYMOORE2002,ANDTHEACHIEVEMENTOFTHEBESTTRADEOFFBETWEENQUALITYCONTROLSTHROUGHINSPECTIONSANDPROCESSSELFCONTROLSVENSSON2002,OFTENUTILISINGTHESIXSIGMAAPPROACHANDTOOLSECKES2001SOMEOTHERAPPROACHESTOSUPPLYCHAINRISKMANAGEMENTINVOLVEMANAGINGRISKSAFFECTINGSPECIFICSUPPLYCHAINLEVELSCAVINATO2004,SYSTEMSINSIDEANDOUTSIDETHECHAIN,SUCHASTHEINFORMATIONSYSTEMFINCH2004,SPECIFICPROJECTSHALMANANDKEIZER1994WITHANAIMTOIDENTIFYANDMANAGERISKSTHATTHREATENTHEPROJECT’SSUCCESSRAMGOPAL2003ANDCAUSESOFPROJECTFAILURESPEKMANANDDAVIS2004

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯題目金屬結(jié)合劑金剛石砂輪的精密內(nèi)圓磨削學(xué)院機(jī)械工程學(xué)院專業(yè)機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化班級(jí)機(jī)升0901學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師二〇一一年四月十日濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯2TOADESIREDFORMUNDERHIGHPRESSUREANDTHENSINTEREDINANATMOSPHEREOFAMMONIATHESEWHEELSARENOTSUITABLEFORCONTINUOUSGRINDINGFORALONGPERIODOFTIMEFORTHEFOLLOWINGREASONS1ASTOUGHERMETALBONDEDWHEELSEXHIBITPOORDRESSINGABILITY,ITISDIFFICULTTOACHIEVEEFFICIENTANDSTABLEDRESSINGSIMULTANEOUSLY2HIGHERRATEOFMATERIALREMOVALINTHEGRINDINGPROMOTESWEAROFTHEABRASIVEGRAINS,THEREFORE,MOREFREQUENTREDRESSINGOFTHEGRINDINGWHEELWILLBEREQUIREDBYSTOPPINGTHEGRINDINGPROCESS3WHILEMACHININGMETALSSUCHASSTEEL,WHEELLOADINGEMBEDDINGOFSWARFOCCURS,MAKINGEFFECTIVEDRESSINGOFMETALLICBONDWHEELDIFFICULTINPRACTICEALTHOUGHADIAMONDSLABINCORPORATEDWITHANABRASIVEJETSHARPENINGMETHODISABLETODRESSABRONZEBONDEDWHEELTOTHESAMETOPOGRAPHYASANELECTROPLATEDWHEEL12,COMPLEXEQUIPMENTMUSTBEADDEDINEVITABLYWHICHCAUSEWORKINGENVIRONMENTPROBLEMDRESSINGBYELECTRICALDISCHARGEISAGOODMETHOD,BUTITISDIFFICULTTOCONDUCTONLINEDRESSING,ANDDRESSINGSTRIPESAPPEARONTHEWHEELPERIPHERYWHENAPAIROFPARALLELELECTRODESISUSED13,14ELECTROLYTICINPROCESSDRESSINGELIDHASSOFARSERVEDASTHEMOSTSUCCESSFULDRESSINGMETHODFORMETALBONDEDWHEELSITHASBEENDEVISEDANDAPPLIEDSUCCESSFULLYINPRECISIONSURFACEGRINDING1517HOWEVER,ITSAPPLICATIONTOINTERNALGRINDINGHASNOTBEENWELLINVESTIGATEDESPECIALLYWHENTHEINTERNALDIAMETEROFTHEWORKPIECEISJUSTSLIGHTLYLARGERTHANTHATOFTHEGRINDINGWHEEL,ITISVERYDIFFICULTOREVENIMPOSSIBLETOFIXADRESSINGELECTRODEMOUNTEDPARALLELTOTHEWHEELSURFACEASINORDINARYELIDGRINDING15ANOVELMETHODTOCARRYOUTELIDGRINDINGOFINTERNALCYLINDRICALSURFACESONANORDINARYGRINDINGTOOLISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERTHEPRINCIPLEANDPROCESSOFTHISMETHOD,NAMELYINTERVALELIDELIDIIGRINDING,ISALSODISCUSSEDAPPLYINGELIDIIGRINDINGTOANORDINARYGRINDINGMACHINE,SOMEPRELIMINARYEXPERIMENTSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUTTWOTYPESOFDRESSINGELECTRODESWEREUSEDANDTHEIRDRESSINGEFFECTSWEREINVESTIGATEDWITHTHISTECHNOLOGY,FOURSPECIMENSOFALUMINACERAMIC,HARDENEDSTEELSSKH51ANDSKD11ANDBEARINGSTEEL,WEREGROUNDTOMIRRORFINISHTHERESULTSOFTHISRESEARCHAREPRESENTEDINTHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONS2PRINCIPLEOFINTERVALELIDGRINDINGTHEINTERVALDRESSINGOFANABRASIVEGRINDINGWHEELITSELFISNOTANEWTECHNOLOGYINFACT,USINGTHECOMMONMECHANICALDRESSINGMETHODS,THEWHEELISUSUALLYDRESSEDATINTERVALSTHEGRINDINGPROCESSISSTOPPEDTODRESSTHEWHEELAFTERGRINDINGONEWORKPIECEORSEVERALWORKPIECESTHETOOLLIFELIMITCANBECHATTERVIBRATION,SURFACEROUGHNESSANDBURNINGMARKS,ETC2HOWEVER,WITHTHEELIDIIMETHOD,THEWHEELISDRESSEDATINTERVALSANDTHEABRASIVESREMAINPROTRUDING,ENABLINGTHEGRINDINGPROCESSTOGOONWITHOUTANYINTERRUPTIONANDCONSEQUENTLYREALIZINGHIGHEFFICIENCYGRINDINGTHEINTERVALELIDSYSTEMISESSENTIALLYCOMPOSEDOFTHEFOLLOWINGELEMENTSIAMETALBONDEDGRINDINGWHEEL,IIANELIDPOWERSOURCE,IIIELECTROLYTICCOOLANT,ANDIVAPIPEDRESSINGELECTRODETHEMOSTIMPORTANTFEATUREOFTHISPROCESSISTHATNOSPECIALMACHINEISREQUIRED,ANDINFACTTHE

簡(jiǎn)介：中文2900字畢業(yè)論文外文料翻譯學(xué)院材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院專業(yè)金屬材料工程姓名學(xué)號(hào)外文出處MATERIALSSCIENCEAND1INICTXXI????1,???NII11?ITH決定了用體積分?jǐn)?shù)和材料參數(shù)，他們分別用Ξ1和XIT,C表示。至于熱傳導(dǎo)方程，淬火模擬、相變產(chǎn)生和反應(yīng)熱產(chǎn)生的潛熱由于工作壓力應(yīng)考慮在正常熱傳導(dǎo)方程。2???????????????0IIIPIJIJIILXTKXTC????????和L1有利于ITH進(jìn)程中熱傳導(dǎo)和潛熱的產(chǎn)生。和錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未找到引用源。未找到引用源。分別表示密度和壓力，外表面?zhèn)鳠岬倪吔鐥l件被認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未找到引用源。未找到引用源。3HT和TΩ分別表示傳熱邊界第NI個(gè)單元的傳熱系數(shù)和冷卻劑的溫度。在滲碳過(guò)程中碳含量是由擴(kuò)散方程決定的錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未找到引用源。未找到引用源。4C表示距離為XI處的C含量；D表示擴(kuò)散系數(shù)，由在表層反應(yīng)具有的特定邊界條件決定錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未找到引用源。未找到引用源。5在這里HC和CE分別表示表面反應(yīng)速率系數(shù)和已知的外部環(huán)境的碳含量。22結(jié)構(gòu)方程結(jié)構(gòu)方程一般認(rèn)為，總應(yīng)變率錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未找到引用源。未找到引用源?？刹鸱譃閺椥浴⑺苄?、熱應(yīng)變速率和由相變引起的結(jié)構(gòu)性擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致的應(yīng)變率，即錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未找到引用源。未找到引用源。6

簡(jiǎn)介：英文原文FINITEELEMENTANALYSISOFTHREEWAYROADWAYJUNCTIONSINLONGWALLMININGRNSINGH,IPORTER,JHEMATIANFACULTYOFENGINEERING,UNIíERSITYOFWOLLONGONG,NORTHFIELDSAVENUE,WOLLONGONG,NSW2522,AUSTRALIAABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSATHREEDIMENSIONALFINITEELEMENTANALYSISOFTHREEWAYROADWAYINTERSECTIONSINLONGWALLMINING,ANDASSESSESTHESTABLE/UNSTABLEBEHAVIOUROFTHREEWAYINTERSECTIONSUNDERARANGEOFLOADINGCONDITIONSLOADSWEREAPPLIEDTOTHEMODELBYMEANSOFUNIFORMSTRESSESONTHEINTERNALFREEFACESTHISMETHODOFLOADINGTHEMODELFROMTHEINSIDEHELPEDTOREDUCEITSSIZEANDTOELIMINATETHEBOUNDARYEFFECTSSTRESSCONCENTRATIONSANDDISPLACEMENTRESULTSONTHEMIDHEIGHTOFTHEPILLARS,ROOFANDFLOORSTRATAADJACENTTOTHETHREEWAYINTERSECTIONSANDCUTTHROUGHSWERECALCULATEDBASEDONTHISSTUDY,GUIDELINESFORDESIGNINGTHESUPPORTSYSTEMFORTHREEWAYINTERSECTIONSARESUGGESTEDTHERESULTSWEREVALIDATEDBYACASESTUDYOFATHREEWAYINTERSECTIONINANUNDERGROUNDCOALMINEINTHESOUTHERNCOALFIELDSOFTHESYDNEYBASINKEYWORDSUNDERGROUNDCOALMININGGATEROADWAYINTERSECTIONSSTABILITYFINITEELEMENTMETHOD1INTRODUCTIONATRENDEXISTSINAUSTRALIAFORINSTALLINGHIGHPRODUCTIVITYLONGWALLFACESPRODUCING3040MILLIONTONNERAWCOALPERANNUMPERFACETHEMAINCONCERNFORTHESUCCESSOFTHEHIGHPRODUCTIONLONGWALLFACESISTOACHIEVEHIGHRATESOFDEVELOPMENTANDTOMAINTAINSTABILITYOFACCESSROADWAYSANDTHEIRINTERSECTIONSDURINGTHELIFESPANOFTHEFACEINTERSECTIONSAREFORMEDWHENTHEPILLARSBETWEENTHETWOROADWAYSAREINTERSECTEDBYDRIVINGACROSSCUTROADWAYINTERSECTIONSINUNDERGROUNDMINESAREPARTICULARLYSUSCEPTIBLETOGROUNDCONTROLPROBLEMSDUETOINHERENTLYWIDEROOFSPANSUSEDANDTHEDIFFICULTYININSTALLINGROOFSUPPORTSPROMPTLYINHIGHLYMECHANISEDHEADINGSSTRESSESINDUCEDDURINGINTERSECTIONFORMATIONMAYRESULTINHIGHINCIDENCEOFROOFANDRIBFAILURESDESPITEMANYINVESTIGATIONSINTOTHESTABILITYOFGATEROADWAYSINTERSECTIONSADVERSECONDITIONSSUCHASHIGHHORIZONTALSTRESSANDUNSTEADYSTATEOFABUTMENTPRESSUREFROMMOVINGLONGWALLFACESMAYCAUSEINSTABILITYOFGATEROADWAYINTERSECTIONSFOREXAMPLEIN1985MAJORSTRATACONTROLPROBLEMSINTHEMAINGATEOFNO6LONGWALLPANELATWESTCLIFFCOLLIERYRESULTEDINROOFFALL,WHICHSTOPPEDCOALPRODUCTIONFORAPERIODOF6WEEKSSIMILARLY,AROOFFAILUREINCIDENTATPACIFICCOLLIERYCAUSEDTHELONGWALLEQUIPMENTTOBEBURIEDRESULTINGINFIG1PLANANDSECTIONOFTHEFINITEELEMENTTHREEDIMENSIONALINTERSECTIONMODELTABLE1ROCKPROPERTIESASSIGNEDTOTHREEWAYINTERSECTIONMODELSROCKTYPETHICKNESS/ME/GPAΝMEDIUMGRAINSANDSTONE40100020FINESANDSTONEANDMUDSTONE3060025COARSESANDSTONEANDSHALE2030020TOPCOAL103503COAL303503MUDSTONE1080025COARSESANDSTONE4012502MEDIUMGRAINSANDSTONE5010002MODELBYMEANSOFUNIFORMPRESSURESONTHEINTERNALFREEFACESTHISTECHNIQUEOFAPPLYINGLOADFROMTHEINSIDEHELPEDTOREDUCETHESIZEOFTHEMODELANDTOELIMINATEBOUNDARYEFFECTSFORALLTHELOADINGCONFIGURATIONSDEPICTEDINTABLE2,ALINEARSOLUTIONMETHODWASUSEDTABLE2LOADINGCONDITIONSAPPLIEDTOTHETHREEDIMENSIONALMODELLOADINGCONFIGURATIONS/MPAZ?/MPAY?/MPAX?11000000

簡(jiǎn)介：1出處MATERIALSSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGA,2005,413545549太陽(yáng)能級(jí)多晶硅的長(zhǎng)晶速率和雜質(zhì)分布RKVANDE,?MJ?S,BRYNINGEN摘要在工業(yè)規(guī)模的多晶鑄錠爐中，定向凝固法鑄造多晶硅的長(zhǎng)晶速率是由固液界面位置變化情況決定的。兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)讓硅從底部以接近平直的固液界面垂直向上生長(zhǎng)，凝固完后以不同的速率冷卻。發(fā)現(xiàn)4106米/秒的平均凝固速率和從坩堝底部溫度的計(jì)算值相吻合。檢測(cè)多晶硅錠生長(zhǎng)方向上的碳氧分布和少子壽命。在兩塊多晶硅錠中，碳的分布是很相似的，它在多晶硅錠中間位置的濃度大約都是4PPMA。緩慢冷卻時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)多晶硅錠中有更高的氧濃度。這是由于涂層質(zhì)量差增加了坩堝中氧向熔硅中的擴(kuò)散導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。快速冷卻的多晶硅錠的少子壽命被發(fā)現(xiàn)是大約10ΜM，然而緩慢冷卻的少子壽命只有2ΜM緩慢冷卻具有較低的少子壽命可能是由鐵從坩堝向熔體中擴(kuò)散導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果?！?005年BV出版社版權(quán)所有關(guān)鍵詞定向凝固，多晶硅，凝固速率，雜質(zhì)分，少子壽命1簡(jiǎn)介多晶硅是太陽(yáng)能電池制造中最常用的材料，它占到全球太陽(yáng)能光伏組件的50以上。定向凝固法是鑄造太陽(yáng)能級(jí)多晶硅的常用方法。它的原理是硅料熔化后把熱量從坩堝底部抽出，進(jìn)而形成接近平直的固液界面從底部開(kāi)始凝固。大部分雜質(zhì)被分離到硅錠頂部，并且最后的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)主要是平行于晶體生長(zhǎng)方向的大柱狀晶粒。太陽(yáng)能級(jí)多晶硅的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率一般在1215這個(gè)范圍。光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率主要是由位錯(cuò)間少數(shù)載流子的復(fù)合以及晶粒內(nèi)的缺陷例如雜質(zhì)、小的原子集團(tuán)或者沉淀限制的。由于單純位錯(cuò)間的復(fù)合被認(rèn)為是相對(duì)較弱的，這也就暗示了這些區(qū)域的金屬雜質(zhì)和沉淀是增強(qiáng)再結(jié)晶能力的原由。眾所周知，多晶硅凝固過(guò)程嚴(yán)重影響著電池片的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。多晶硅的凝固決定著材料的結(jié)構(gòu)，而且快速冷卻凝固被認(rèn)為影響著硅錠的位錯(cuò)密度，固液界面的曲率可能影響著晶體的形態(tài)和雜質(zhì)在硅錠中的位置。碳和氧還有氮是多晶硅3硅錠的性能隨生長(zhǎng)方向的變化進(jìn)行了研究。切割過(guò)程中去除樣品底部的部分。傅立葉變換紅外光譜儀用來(lái)測(cè)量多晶硅錠中的碳氧含量。傅立葉變換紅外光譜儀可測(cè)量替代位氧濃度和間隙氧濃度分別從01PPMA和02PPMA到它們?cè)诠柚械淖畲笕芙舛取＿@些測(cè)量是在個(gè)表面拋光的2MM厚的樣品上進(jìn)行的，并用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量在來(lái)兩個(gè)多晶硅錠的生長(zhǎng)方向進(jìn)行碳氧含量的測(cè)量。準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)光電導(dǎo)衰減儀被用來(lái)測(cè)量多晶硅錠中的少子壽命，這些測(cè)量是在2CM厚的樣品上進(jìn)行的。圖1從上面觀察用于進(jìn)一步分析多晶硅錠試樣的位置。表1熱量分別在硅（SI，S），坩堝（CR），石墨（G）中的熱傳導(dǎo)3結(jié)果31凝固假設(shè)熱量是從坩堝底部輻射出去的，則凝固的界面位置可以通過(guò)一個(gè)樣品的熱傳導(dǎo)模型計(jì)算出來(lái)。當(dāng)假設(shè)所有的界面具有相同的區(qū)域A（圖2）在固體硅，石英坩堝以及坩堝底部石墨絕緣材料的熱傳導(dǎo)可以用表1來(lái)表示。圖2系統(tǒng)的溫度和厚度變化曲線圖3凝固高度的計(jì)算值和測(cè)量值隨時(shí)間的變化曲線聯(lián)立公式（1）（3）并且假設(shè)QSI,SQCRQGQ,可以得出下面的公式在凝固過(guò)程中假定熱傳導(dǎo)系數(shù)是不同的，冷卻溫度TP是用熱電偶測(cè)量的。經(jīng)過(guò)結(jié)晶的固態(tài)硅的熱傳導(dǎo)可以表達(dá)為△H是硅的熱焓，ΡSI是硅的密度，MSI是硅的摩爾質(zhì)量,V是硅的長(zhǎng)晶速率，

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文6340字出處出處JOURNALOFCLEANERPRODUCTION,2006,141211681175英文原文GEOTECHNICALCONSIDERATIONSINMINEBACKFILLINGINAUSTRALIANSIVAKUGANA,,RMRANKINEB,KJRANKINEA,KSRANKINEAASCHOOLOFENGINEERING,JAMESCOOKUNIVERSITY,TOWNSVILLE4811,AUSTRALIABCANNINGTONMINE,BHPBILLITON,POBOX5874,TOWNSVILLE4810,AUSTRALIAABSTRACTMINEBACKFILLINGCANPLAYASIGNIFICANTROLEINTHEOVERALLOPERATIONOFAMINEOPERATIONINTHEAUSTRALIANMININGINDUSTRY,WHERESAFETYISAPRIMECONSIDERATION,HYDRAULICSYSTEMSARETHEMOSTCOMMONBACKFILLSDEPLOYEDMANYACCIDENTSREPORTEDATHYDRAULICFILLMINESWORLDWIDEHAVEMAINLYBEENATTRIBUTEDTOALACKOFUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEIRBEHAVIOURANDBARRICADEBRICKSTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEFINDINGSFROMANEXTENSIVELABORATORYTESTPROGRAMMECARRIEDOUTINAUSTRALIAONMORETHAN20DIFFERENTHYDRAULICFILLSANDSEVERALBARRICADEBRICKSALIMITEDDESCRIPTIONOFPASTEBACKFILLSISALSOPROVIDED,ANDTHEUSEFULNESSOFNUMERICALMODELLINGASANINVESTIGATIVETOOLISHIGHLIGHTEDKEYWORDSHYDRAULICFILLSMININGBACKFILLSPASTEFILLSGEOTECHNICAL1．INTRODUCTIONINTHEMININGINDUSTRY,WHENUNDERGROUNDOREBODIESAREEXTRACTED,VERYLARGEVOIDSARECREATED,WHICHMUSTBEBACKFILLEDTHEBACKFILLINGSTRATEGIESDEPLOYEDOFTENMAKEUSEOFTHEWASTEROCKORTAILINGSTHATARECONSIDEREDBYPRODUCTSOFTHEMININGOPERATIONTHISISANEFFECTIVEMEANSOFTAILINGDISPOSALBECAUSEITNEGATESTHENEEDFORCONSTRUCTINGLARGETAILINGDAMSATTHESURFACETHEBACKFILLINGOFUNDERGROUNDVOIDSALSOIMPROVESLOCALANDREGIONALSTABILITY,ENABLINGSAFERANDMOREEFFICIENTMININGOFTHESURROUNDINGAREASTHENEEDFORBACKFILLINGISAMAJORISSUEINAUSTRALIA,WHERE10MILLIONCUBICMETRESOFUNDERGROUNDVOIDSAREGENERATEDANNUALLYASARESULTOFMINING1THEREARETWOBASICTYPESOFBACKFILLINGSTRATEGIESTHEFIRST,UNCEMENTEDBACKFILLING,DOESNOTMAKEUSEOFBINDINGAGENTSSUCHASCEMENT,ANDTHEIRCHARACTERISTICSCANBESTUDIEDUSINGSOILMECHANICSTHEORIESATYPICALEXAMPLEOFUNCEMENTEDBACKFILLINGISTHEUSEOFHYDRAULICFILLSTHATAREPLACEDINTHEFORMOFSLURRYINTOTHEUNDERGROUNDVOIDSTHESECONDCATEGORY,CEMENTEDBACKFILLING,MAKESUSEOFASMALLPERCENTAGEOFBINDERSUCHASPORTLANDCEMENTORABLENDOFPORTLANDCEMENTWITHANOTHERPOZZOLANSUCHASFLYASH,GYPSUMORBLASTFURNACESLAGTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOANALYSETHEFINDINGSFROMANEXTENSIVELABORATORYTESTPROGRAMMECARRIEDOUTINAUSTRALIAONHYDRAULICFILLSANDSEVERALBARRICADEBRICKSHYDRAULICFILLSAREUNCEMENTEDTECHNIQUES,ANDAREONEOFTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDAMOUNTOFWATERTOBEDRAINEDFROMTHEHYDRAULICFILLSTOPETOCONTAINTHEFILL,THEHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVESCREATEDDURINGMININGAREGENERALLYBLOCKEDBYBARRICADESCONSTRUCTEDFROMSPECIALLYMADEPOROUSBRICKSFIG2POROUSBARRICADEBRICKWALLHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVESLURRYENTERSSTOPEHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVEDECANTWATERHYDRAULICFILLFIG2ANIDEALISEDSTOPEWITHTWOSUBLEVELDRAINSTHEACCESSDRIVES,WHICHAREMADELARGEENOUGHTOPERMITTHEENTRYOFMACHINERYDURINGMINING,AREBLOCKEDBYTHEBARRICADESDURINGFILLINGTHEDRIVESAREOFTENLOCATEDATMORETHANONELEVELINITIALLY,THEDRIVESLOCATEDATUPPERLEVELSACTASEXITPOINTSFORTHEDECANTEDWATER,ANDALSOSERVEASDRAINSWHENTHEHYDRAULICFILLRISESINTHESTOPE21DRAINAGECONSIDERATIONSDRAINAGEISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTISSUETHATMUSTBECONSIDEREDWHENDESIGNINGHYDRAULICFILLSTOPESTHEREHAVEBEENSEVERALACCIDENTSNAMELY,TRAPPEDMINERSANDMACHINERYWORLDWIDECAUSEDBYWETHYDRAULICFILLRUSHINGTHROUGHHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVESSEVERALREASONS,INCLUDINGPOORQUALITYBARRICADEBRICKS,LIQUEFACTION,ANDPIPINGWITHINTHEHYDRAULICFILLAREATTRIBUTEDTOSUCHFAILURES2THEREFORE,PERMEABILITYOFTHEHYDRAULICFILLINTHESTOPEISACRITICALPARAMETERINTHEDESIGNCONTINUOUSEFFORTISMADEDURINGMININGTOENSURETHATITISKEPTABOVEATHRESHOLDLIMITINTHEVICINITYOF100MM/H3LARGERPERMEABILITYLEADSTOQUICKERREMOVALOFWATERFROMTHESTOPE,THUSIMPROVINGTHESTABILITYOFTHEFILLCONTAINEDWITHINTHESTOPEPERMEABILITYTESTSFORMINEFILLSANDBARRICADEBRICKSAREDISCUSSEDBYRANKINEETAL4THECONSTANTHEADANDFALLINGHEADPERMEABILITYTESTSCARRIEDOUTONTHEHYDRAULICFILLSAMPLESGIVEPERMEABILITYVALUESINTHERANGEOF735MM/HINSPITEOFHAVINGPERMEABILITYVALUESMUCHLESSTHANTHE100MMTHRESHOLDSUGGESTEDBYHERGETANDDEKOROMPAY3,EACHOFTHESEHYDRAULICFILLSHASPERFORMEDSATISFACTORILYANECDOTALEVIDENCESANDBACKCALCULATIONSUSINGTHEMEASUREDFLOWINTHEMINESTOPESSUGGESTTHATTHEPERMEABILITYOFTHEHYDRAULICFILLINTHEMINEISOFTENLARGERTHANWHATISMEASUREDINTHELABORATORYUNDERCONTROLLEDCONDITIONS