螯爪蚌螨生物學及形態(tài)結構的研究.pdf

1、摘要鰲爪蚌靖是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)唯一與中國圓田螺和中華圓田螺關系密切的蝸類。開展對鰲爪蚌蠟的生物學研究，觀察其生活史發(fā)育、顯微結構和亞顯微結構查明鰲爪蚌摘的種群分布型及與宿主的相關關系和感染規(guī)律，具有重要的理論和應用價值。本論文觀察了鰲爪蚌瞞Unionicola(Polytatax)chelataWen足I、W腹端具有明顯舌狀的爪墊，而足IIIm沒有明顯舌狀的爪墊。領體掃描電鏡圖顯示鰲肢從口器伸出，口器周圍有4根剛毛，口內有類似鰓狀的結構，稱之為

2、“鰓狀結構”，此結構可以跟鰲肢的伸縮配合活動。鰲爪蚌蜻成蝸的生殖部位主要由多對殖吸盤、排泄孔、生殖腺毛、射精復合體或產(chǎn)卵結構等幾個部分組成。成蜻和若蜻的殖吸盤周圍都有殖吸盤剛毛。此外，本研究還對中國圓田螺中鰲爪蚌蜻種群動態(tài)進行了分析探討。在南昌地區(qū)所采集的中國圓田螺中，自2006年5月到2007年4月的12個月，共有9個月采到田螺，其大多數(shù)月份有鰲爪蚌蜻寄生。結果顯示總感染率為29.34%感染強度為31，豐盛度為1.076911.854

3、08月份感染率最高，為58.56%，統(tǒng)計表明月份之間的各個特征指數(shù)差異顯著。田螺的體高(組)與鰲爪蚌瞞的各項指標特征有著顯著的相關性。鰲爪蚌蜻在體高為5060nim的中國圓田螺內侵襲數(shù)量最多，在該體高范圍對宿主的感染水平最高。鰲爪蚌蜻對其宿主的鰓部有很高AbstractAbstractUnionicola(Polytatax)chelataistheonlyparasitemitewhichwasfoundthathadaclosere

4、lationtoCipangopaludinachinensis(Cray)andCipangopaludinacathayensis(Heude).Ithasimportantacademicvalueandpracticalvalueindoingresearchtoitslifecycleobservationmicroandsubmicrostructurethedistributionprevalenceregulationa

5、ndrelationwith小.hostInthesislifecycleofUnionicola(Polytatax)chelataWen&Zhu1999wasinvestigatedanditsdevelopmentalstagesweredescribed.TheinvestigatingresultshowsthattherearealldevelopmentalstagesofU.chelataintheChinesesnai

6、lCipangopaludinachinensis(Cray)includingeggprelarvalarvanymphophannymphteleiophanandadult.TheresultindicatesU.chelatacanfinishallthestagesinitshostChinesefreshwatersnailwithoutanymidhost.Thestructureoflegclawsandglandula

7、riagnathosomaandgenitalfieldwereobservedfortheadultandnymphU.chelatawithelectronmicroscope.Thescanningresultsshowthatthemostobviousdiferenceisaboutthegenitalfield.Thenymphonlyhastwopairacetabulumswithoutothersubstructure

8、ofgenitalfieldbuttheadulthasmorethanfivepairacetabulumsandcompletelydevelopedejaculatingorlayingstructure.Thelegclawsofisanintegerthatincludesclawsventralpadandsetae.LegIisthesamewithlegN.Leg11isthe~withleg1I.Therearefew

9、diferencesbetweenthetwogroups.Thescanningresultofthegnathosomarevealsthatthecheliceraeextendingfromthemouthwithfoursetaearoundthemouththereisastructurelookswhichcanmovetogetherwiththecheliceraelikegill(calledgilllikestru

10、cture).ThegenitalfieldofU.chelataiscomposedofmanyacetabulumsexcretoryporegenitalsetaejaculatorycomplexorovipositstructure.Bothadultandnymphsacetebulumshavesetaearoud.PopulationdynamicsofthewatermiteU.chelatawasinvestigat

11、edinfreshwatersnailCipangopaludinachinensis(Cray)duringtheperiodfromMay2006toApril2007inNanchangwhichisbelongtoPoyanglakewatersystem.Apatternoseasonalvariationwasobservedwithprevalenceandabundancepeakedinearlyspringandau

12、tumn.Thenumberofmitesinindividualhostwassignificantlycorrelatedwiththesizeofsnail.Thechangesininfectionlevelofthemiteondiferentinfectionsitesweresignificantwithmoremitesfoundonthegill.Keywords:morphologyUnionicolachelata