作文 張雷冬課堂講義

1、1Argument課堂筆記課堂筆記張雷冬?2004ZhangLeidongAllrightsreserved.Unauthizedduplicationisaviolationofapplicablelaws.個(gè)人勞動(dòng)成果，未經(jīng)允許請(qǐng)勿轉(zhuǎn)貼或作商業(yè)用途。謝謝F.A=FalseAnalogyD.C=DifferentConceptsD.S=DifferentScopesI.T=IncompleteThoughtF.D=FalseDilem

2、maC.E=CauseEffectfallacyArgument1931.Theresultofthesurveylackscredibilitytherefecouldnotlendstrongsuppttothearguer’sconclusionwhatthearguermaintains.Thearguerfailstoconsiderincludetakeintoaccountteachersinothersubjectsth

3、usmanyteacherswereactuallyexcludedfromthesurvey.(ivesample)2.Thearguerfailstoestablishthecausalrelationshipbetweenhomewkfrequencystudents’perfmance.(C.E)3.Arethetwoareasthestudentsofthetwoareascomparable(F.A)4.Thegradesa

4、renotequaltothequalityofteaching.(D.C)Argument2381.ThesurveydoesnotincludeallthegraduatesinMVCthusitisalmostimpossibletoevaluatetheemploymentresultinMVC.(ivesample)2.ThecomparisonbetweenGMCMVCisincompletehencewehardlyeva

5、luatetheemploymentresultsofthegraduatingsenisfromthetwocolleges.(incompletecomparison)3.ThearguerfailstoestablishthecausalrelationshipbetweenthefactthatGMChasmeb.csj.csthanMVCthefactthat90%folastyear’sgraduatingsenisfrom

6、GMCgotjoboffers.(C.E)4.ThearguerfailstoconvinceusthatofferingmecoursesincomputertechnologywillnecessarilycontributetotheemploymentofgraduatesinMVC.(unwarrantedassumption)5.PerhapsGMCMVCarenotcomparableinseveralaspectssuc

7、hasreputationrankingalumnietc.(F.A)Argument1801.Theresultofthesurveylackscredibilitybecausethesampleistoolimited.(quantityofthesample)2.ThearguerfailstoestablishthecausalrelationshipbetweentakingtheEasyReadcoursethereadi

8、ngabilityofthefirstgraduatethepromotionofthesecondgraduateaswell.(C.E)3.ThearguercommitsafallacyofF.Aarethesecompaniescomparable(F.A)4.Theassumptionthat500dollarsisacheaptuitionisopentodoubtdoubtfulsuspiciousunreliableun

9、foundedgroundlessunwarranted.(incompleteinfmation)5.ThearguerfailstoconvinceusthatallemployeesatAcmePublishingCompanyneedtoimprovetheirreadingspeed.Noteverywkerhastoattainalotofinfmationintheirwkplace.(D.S)31.Whatfractio

10、npercentageofpeoplewhosneactuallysufferfromsleepapnea(vaguedata)2.Peoplewhosufferfromsleepapneamayactuallyexerciseduringthedayalthoughtheyaretired.(unwarrantedassumption)3.Theassumptionthatpeoplewhosnewillnecessarilyeatm

11、eexerciselessthannmalisunwarranted.(unwarrantedassumption)4.Thearguerfailstodemonstratethateatinglessexercisingmewouldnecessarilyresultinlosingweight.(C.E)5.Thearguerneglectsmanyotherpossiblecausesthatmayalsoleadtotheres

12、ult.(I.T)Argument1831.Thearguerfailstoruleoutthepossibilitythatalargenumberofwkerswillsufferfromunemploymentinthefuture.Itisentirelypossiblethatthenumberoflaidoffwkersisgreaterthanthenumberofnewjobopptunitiescreated.(vag

13、uedata)2.Aretheprogramswkshopsenoughtoadmitmostlaidoffwkers(vaguedata)3.Sincetheprogramswkshopsaredesignedtoimprovejobfindingskillsinsteadofwkingskillstheymaynotprovehelpful.(C.E)Argument251.ThearguercommitsafallacyofF.A

14、.2.ThearguerneglectsotherpossiblemethodsthatmayimproveHopewell’seconomymeefficiently.(I.T)3.ThearguerfailstopointouthowthegolfcourseresthotelactuallycontributedtotheeconomyofOceanView.(afterthistherefebecauseofthis)Argum

15、ent1771.F.A.2.WedonotknowwhatpercentageofElmCity’sCivicClubmembersdothe25nonresidentmembersmakeup.(vaguedata)3.Weshouldnotsimplyexcludenonresidentmembersjustbecausetheyareminity.The25nonresidentsatElmCity’scivicclubmight

16、havegreatcontributionstoElmCity’sbusinesseconomy.(I.T)4.Theassumptionthatresidentsnecessarilyunderstthebusinesspoliticsofthecitybetterthannonresidentsisunwarranted.(unwarrantedassumption)Argument2331.Thecomparisonbetween

17、theconditionofRoute101Route66isiveincomplete.2.ThearguerunfairlyassumesthatAppian’swkqualityaremesuperithanMcAdam.ThearguerdoesnotprovideanyinfmationaboutthemachineryqualitycontrolpersonnelatMcAdam.(exparteinfmation)Noin

18、fmationabouttheperfmanceofthenewqualitycontrolmanageratAppianisprovided.(incompleteinfmation)3.Routesarenotequaltoaccessroads.(F.A)Argument2161.ThevariationinthehousingcostsdoesnotindicatethatClearviewhasadvantageinhousi