[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]城市規(guī)劃外文翻譯--東南亞店屋作為可持續(xù)城市環(huán)境的典范（英文）

1、 J. Aranha, Int. J. of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Vol. 8, No. 4 (2013) 325–335© 2013 WIT Press, www.witpress.com ISSN: 1755-7437 (paper format), ISSN: 1755-7445 (online), http://journals.witpress.com DOI:

2、 10.2495/DNE-V8-N4-325-335THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN SHOPHOUSE AS A MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTSJ. ARANHA College of Architecture, Texas Tech University.ABSTRACT The search for innovative ideas and sustainable solu

3、tions for urban housing in Southeast Asia as well as other parts of the world should include reexamining and rediscovering traditional urban dwellings such as the shop- house. Based upon the author’s observation in many

4、 parts of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia, new housing for lower income populations in urban areas have tended to be high-rise or walkup multistorey flats with little or no commercial s

5、pace within the developments. These high-density urban dwelling environments have the usual problems associated with large-scale high-rise housing projects. They are impersonal, monotonous and boring, and they do not a

6、llow much room for individual expression, expansion or personalization of the dwelling. In these planned housing schemes, residential and commercial activity is usually separated. In Southeast Asia where mixed-use urba

7、n settlements have been the tradition for generations, the separation of residential and commercial activity usually does not work. Strict and constant supervision is required or else open space around housing areas is

8、 soon occupied by unauthorized commercial activity. In the older and more traditional sectors of urban settlements in Southeast Asia, commercial and residential activi- ties coexist together usually in the same building

9、–the shophouse. In older sections of Southeast Asian cities, shophouse neighbourhoods, although seemingly crowded, are lively environments that give cities in the region their distinctive character. An analysis of the

10、traditional shophouse of the Malay Peninsula is described here and is proposed as a model for better urban housing environments, which can sustain traditional ways of urban life Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Keywords:

11、Housing, shophouse, southeast Asia, sustaining tradition, urban design.1 INTRODUCTION The Chinese shophouse of the Malay Peninsula (Fig. 1) is the basic unit of the urban fabric in cities and towns in Malaysia (Fig. 2),

12、 Singapore [1], and other countries in the region (Fig. 3). While there are several variations and versions of this typology, the typical Chinese shophouse is basically a long structure two to three stories high with a

13、 narrow street frontage. The ground floor is used for com- mercial purposes such as shops, light industry or service businesses such as laundries, repair shops, etc. Sometimes more than one business may share the ground

14、 floor space in a single shophouse. In some variations of shophouses, the residential part is behind the shop. The upper floors are for residential use and may contain living units for several families or individuals w

15、ho may sometimes share facilities such as kitchens and bathrooms. The ground floor shop front is separated from the street by a covered space known as a verandah. Shophouses are built in rows and share party walls bet

16、ween them. Through this configuration, the covered verandahs become continuous covered walk- ways along the street. The continuous covered walkway is referred to locally as the verandah way. Rows of shophouses line the

17、streets of oldersections of towns and clearly define the street and the urban block. The uniform rows of shophouses are broken periodically by cross streets or by alleys. The shophouse contains one or more courtyards, l

18、ight wells or air wells along its length so as to provide daylight and ventilation to interior spaces (Fig. 4). The roof of the typical shophouse is divided into two or more gabled sections oriented transverse to the l

19、ong axis of the building [2]. The roofs are supported on the party walls, and since spans are short (4–7m), there is often no need for any intermediate vertical supports. The interior space is, therefore, easy to divid

20、e up with partitions so as to suit the needs and preferences of the occupants. The heights of facade elements such as the J. Aranha, Int. J. of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Vol. 8, No. 4 (2013) 327expanded to o

21、ver seven stories (Fig. 5). This upward expansion of a deep but narrow building raises issues about safety and egress from upper floors. However, because of the rapid pace of change, buildings are built before safety r

22、egulations can be put in place. The rear of the building traditionally faces a service alley that is clearly the back of the shophouse. The alley is used for service to the commercial as well as the residential parts o

23、f the building. Figure 3: Single-storey shophouses with shop at the front and dwelling in the rear in Hoi An, Vietnam, 2004.Figure 4: Side view of shophouses showing one of the interior courtyards, Hoi An, Vietnam 2007.