外文翻譯---鐵路車站聯(lián)鎖

1、<p><b>　　附　錄</b></p><p><b>　　附錄A 外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　Railroad station interconnection</p><p>　　Using the machinery, the electrical automatic control and r

2、emote control's technology and the equipment, cause in the station scope on the semaphore, the admission passage and the admission passage rail switch have the restriction relations mutually, this kind of relations a

3、re called the railroad station interconnection.</p><p>　　The outline railroad station interconnection is the railway signal important component.in 1843 Britain first used the mechanical interlocking intercon

4、nection; in 1887 Japan developed successfully the interconnection box equipment; in 1904 the US started to use all-electric interlocking interconnection; in 1929 the US started to use following the electricity centralize

5、d interconnection. Along with electronic accounting machine's development and the popularization, some countries started to use th</p><p>　　The train enters the station the admission passage, or the outp

6、utting admission passage, is determined by rail switch's different clear position. Therefore, must have the semaphore in the admission passage entrance. Enters the station the admission passage scope which the semaph

7、ore protects is an entire station track, embarks the admission passage which the semaphore protects is should go to the sector, switches cars the semaphore is only the rail switch area. When on the admission passage rail

8、 </p><p>　　The non-centralism interconnection rail switch's operation disperses nearby various rail switches carries on, but the semaphore may the centralized control interconnection. Divides the interco

9、nnection box interconnection and the electricity locks the interconnection.</p><p>　　Interconnection box interconnection this kind of interconnection is composed of one along with the point tongue movement&#

10、39;s switch lever and along with the semaphore wire movement's signal rod. On the pole inscribes the gap, through the switch lever and the signal rod mutual position's change, simulates the rail switch and semaph

11、ore's different condition, realizes between the rail switch and semaphore's interconnection. This kind of interconnection when the rail switch clears the position meets t</p><p>　　This kind of interl

12、ocking plant is only suitable for a wire-control single track vane semaphore. Because the traverse control is away from short, is been big the temperature change's influence, needs to inspect and the adjustment artif

13、icially frequently, moreover the admission passage free time depends upon the railroad rules and regulations to come the artificial safeguard. Therefore, this kind of interconnection uses in the transportation amount bei

14、ng small generally, the stock road is short a</p><p>　　The electricity locks the interconnection separately supposes the electricity on the rail switch and the signal handle to lock, the electricity locks on

15、 has the contact separately on behalf of the rail switch and the signal position. Locks the contact through side rail switch electricity to control opposite party signal electromagnetism to lock the electric circuit whic

16、h the electricity locks, realizes the semaphore interconnection between the semaphore and the rail switch as well as. The electr</p><p>　　The centralized interconnection rail switch concentrates in the stati

17、on signal tower inside control, common has the mechanical interlocking interconnection, all-electric interlocking interconnection and so on.</p><p>　　The mechanical interlocking interconnection rail switch a

18、nd semaphore's operation handle concentrates in the signal tower, these operation handle company has the mechanical member, between the member implements the interconnection with the lock. The mechanical interlocking

19、 interconnection does not need the railroad switch operator to switch in the scene, thus raises the work efficiency, and may prevent, because the station personnel's wrong creates with railroad switch operator betwee

20、n relation </p><p>　　All-electric interlocking interconnection operates in the station through the signal tower in control bench the light signal and the electrically operated railroad switch realizes the in

21、terconnection and the inspector general train movement.</p><p>　　The early all-electric interlocking interconnection in operates between the handle to use the machinery to lock with the electromagnetism lock

22、, the semaphore and rail switch's operation concentrates according to the region in the vehicle department pharynx and larynx area signal tower. After the 50s,all-electric interlocking interconnection uses the electr

23、omagnetic type relay, realizes the interconnection by the logic circuit, the entire station's semaphore and the rail switch may by a signal to</p><p>　　The unlocking way has the admission passage to part

24、ition the unlocking system and an admission passage unlocking makes two kinds. The admission passage partition unlocking system is the train every time through the admission passage in some rail switch track sector, caus

25、es this sector unlocking immediately, may raise the work efficiency, generally uses in the work busily large-scale, the medium station. An admission passage unlocking system is train's after admission passage in comp

26、lete rail swi</p><p>　　All-electric interlocking interconnection divides according to the operating mode has the admission passage type all-electric interlocking interconnection and alone the operation type

27、all-electric interlocking interconnection; Divides according to the relay collocation method has the combined type all-electric interlocking interconnection and the group chest type all-electric interlocking interconnect

28、ion and so on. The admission passage type all-electric interlocking interconnection when establi</p><p>　　Development trend along with electronic technology development, the people once made the electron cen

29、tralized interlocking plant using the electronic original part. But, because the construction cost is high, reliable as well as the breakdown - security principle aspect still had some problems, therefore difficulty with

30、 promotes the application. Along with the computer reliable enhancement, some country's railroad has been developing the use computer interconnection.</p><p>　　From :http://bbs.railcn.net/thread-411840-1

31、-1.html</p><p><b>　　鐵路車站聯(lián)鎖</b></p><p>　　利用機(jī)械、電氣自動(dòng)控制和遠(yuǎn)程控制的技術(shù)和設(shè)備，使車站范圍內(nèi)的信號(hào)機(jī)、進(jìn)路和進(jìn)路上的道岔相互具有制約關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系稱為鐵路車站聯(lián)鎖。</p><p>　　概述，鐵路車站聯(lián)鎖是鐵路信號(hào)的重要組成部分。1843年英國(guó)首先采用機(jī)械集中聯(lián)鎖；1887年日本研制成功聯(lián)鎖箱

32、設(shè)備；1904年美國(guó)開(kāi)始采用電氣集中聯(lián)鎖；1929年美國(guó)開(kāi)始使用繼電集中聯(lián)鎖。隨著電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展和普及，目前有些國(guó)家已開(kāi)始使用計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)鎖。</p><p>　　列車進(jìn)站的進(jìn)路，或出站的進(jìn)路，都是由道岔的不同開(kāi)通位置所確定的。因此，在進(jìn)路入口處須有信號(hào)機(jī)。進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)防護(hù)的進(jìn)路范圍為一整條站線，出發(fā)信號(hào)機(jī)防護(hù)的進(jìn)路是應(yīng)去區(qū)間，調(diào)車信號(hào)機(jī)則只是道岔區(qū)。當(dāng)進(jìn)路上的道岔開(kāi)通位置符合進(jìn)路要求，進(jìn)路的線路空閑，并未安排同一股

33、道的敵對(duì)進(jìn)路，信號(hào)機(jī)才能開(kāi)放，顯示綠燈或黃燈；否則，信號(hào)機(jī)不能開(kāi)放，即顯示紅燈，禁止列車進(jìn)入。信號(hào)機(jī)開(kāi)放后，進(jìn)路上的道岔被鎖在進(jìn)路要求的位置；而敵對(duì)進(jìn)路也必須鎖閉，同時(shí)敵對(duì)進(jìn)路的信號(hào)機(jī)不開(kāi)放，顯示紅燈。列車駛?cè)脒M(jìn)路后，防護(hù)這條進(jìn)路的信號(hào)機(jī)立即關(guān)閉，顯示紅燈，不允許其他列車再駛?cè)?。這種信號(hào)機(jī)，進(jìn)路空閑情況和進(jìn)路道岔的聯(lián)鎖關(guān)系，成為保證列車和機(jī)車車輛在車站范圍內(nèi)的運(yùn)行安全，以及有效地利用車站行車設(shè)備，提高車站通過(guò)能力的重要措施。</p

34、><p>　　非集中聯(lián)鎖，道岔的操縱分散在各道岔旁進(jìn)行，而信號(hào)機(jī)可集中操縱地聯(lián)鎖。分聯(lián)鎖箱聯(lián)鎖和電鎖器聯(lián)鎖。</p><p>　　聯(lián)鎖箱聯(lián)鎖，這種聯(lián)鎖由一根隨道岔尖軌動(dòng)作的轉(zhuǎn)轍桿和一根隨信號(hào)機(jī)導(dǎo)線動(dòng)作的信號(hào)桿組成。桿上刻有缺口，通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)轍桿和信號(hào)桿相互位置的變化，來(lái)模擬道岔和信號(hào)機(jī)的不同狀態(tài)，實(shí)現(xiàn)道岔和信號(hào)機(jī)之間的聯(lián)鎖。這種聯(lián)鎖只有道岔開(kāi)通位置符合進(jìn)路要求時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)轍桿缺口位置才不阻礙信號(hào)桿移動(dòng)，信

35、號(hào)機(jī)才能受到導(dǎo)線傳遞來(lái)的拉力開(kāi)放，否則，轉(zhuǎn)轍桿將阻止信號(hào)桿移動(dòng)，信號(hào)機(jī)也就不能開(kāi)放。信號(hào)機(jī)一旦開(kāi)放之后，信號(hào)桿所處的位置，將反過(guò)來(lái)阻止轉(zhuǎn)轍桿再變位，即將道岔鎖閉在固定的位置上。</p><p>　　這種聯(lián)鎖設(shè)備只適用于一根導(dǎo)線操縱的單線臂板信號(hào)機(jī)。由于導(dǎo)線控制距離短，受氣溫變化的影響大，經(jīng)常需要人工檢查和調(diào)整，而且進(jìn)路的空閑是依靠鐵路規(guī)章來(lái)人為保障的。因此，這種聯(lián)鎖一般用于運(yùn)量小、股道短和道岔數(shù)少的無(wú)電源設(shè)備的車

36、站。</p><p>　　電鎖器聯(lián)鎖，分別在道岔和信號(hào)握柄上設(shè)電鎖器，電鎖器上有接點(diǎn)分別代表道岔和信號(hào)位置。通過(guò)一方道岔電鎖器的接點(diǎn)控制對(duì)方信號(hào)電磁鎖器電鎖的電路，以實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)機(jī)和道岔間以及信號(hào)機(jī)相互間的聯(lián)鎖。電鎖器有一個(gè)電磁線圈、銜鐵和鎖閉片。當(dāng)電鎖器的電磁線圈中有足夠的電流，吸起銜鐵，帶動(dòng)鎖塊離開(kāi)鎖閉片的缺口，鎖閉片才能隨著連接桿上移而旋轉(zhuǎn)，否則鎖閉片阻止連接桿上移，即禁止扳動(dòng)握柄，道岔或信號(hào)機(jī)被鎖在規(guī)定位置上

37、。電鎖器另外裝有隨著鎖閉片旋轉(zhuǎn)而開(kāi)閉的電氣接點(diǎn)組，通過(guò)此接點(diǎn)的閉合或斷開(kāi)來(lái)反映道岔或信號(hào)機(jī)的實(shí)際狀態(tài)，即模擬被控對(duì)象的狀態(tài)。這樣，通過(guò)道岔電鎖器的接點(diǎn)給信號(hào)電鎖器的電磁線圈送電流，只有道岔位置正確才使電路接通，信號(hào)電鎖器有足夠電流，即準(zhǔn)許扳動(dòng)信號(hào)握柄使信號(hào)機(jī)開(kāi)放后，由信號(hào)電鎖器的接點(diǎn)給道岔電鎖器電磁線圈送電的電路被斷開(kāi)，于是再不能扳動(dòng)道岔握柄，即將道岔鎖在規(guī)定位置上。顯然，在道岔握柄和信號(hào)握柄間用電鎖器聯(lián)系取得聯(lián)鎖關(guān)系，既不受兩者距離遠(yuǎn)

38、近的限制，也不受道岔數(shù)多少的影響。使用色燈信號(hào)機(jī)時(shí)，控制距離也不受限制。電鎖器聯(lián)鎖在中國(guó)無(wú)電源設(shè)備的車站得到推廣使用。</p><p>　　集中聯(lián)鎖，道岔集中在車站信號(hào)樓內(nèi)操縱，常見(jiàn)的有機(jī)械集中聯(lián)鎖、電氣集中聯(lián)鎖等。</p><p>　　機(jī)械集中聯(lián)鎖，道岔和信號(hào)機(jī)的操縱握柄集中在信號(hào)樓內(nèi)，這些操縱握柄連有機(jī)械桿件，桿件間用鎖簧實(shí)施聯(lián)鎖。機(jī)械集中聯(lián)鎖不需要扳道員在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)扳道，因而提高作業(yè)效率，

39、并且可防止由于車站人員同扳道員之間的聯(lián)系錯(cuò)誤所造成的行車事故。但是，由于導(dǎo)線和導(dǎo)管的傳動(dòng)動(dòng)程在受力后拱起或拉抻會(huì)造成損失，因而控制距離受到限制。此外，機(jī)械桿件和鎖簧磨損，會(huì)降低聯(lián)鎖的安全性，所以機(jī)械集中聯(lián)鎖在20世紀(jì)50年代以后逐漸被電氣集中聯(lián)鎖取代。</p><p>　　電氣集中聯(lián)鎖，通過(guò)信號(hào)樓內(nèi)的控制臺(tái)操縱車站內(nèi)的色燈信號(hào)機(jī)和電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)鎖和監(jiān)督列車運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　早期

40、的電氣集中聯(lián)鎖在操縱握柄間采用機(jī)械鎖和電磁鎖，信號(hào)機(jī)和道岔的操縱按區(qū)域集中在車部咽喉區(qū)的信號(hào)樓里。50年代以后，電氣集中聯(lián)鎖都采用電磁繼電器，以邏輯電路實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)鎖，全站的信號(hào)機(jī)和道岔可由一個(gè)信號(hào)樓集中控制。為了建立一條進(jìn)路，值班人員可在控制臺(tái)上按下一條進(jìn)路的始端按鈕和終端按鈕。不論進(jìn)路上有多少組道岔，只要在進(jìn)路范圍內(nèi)無(wú)車占用，又沒(méi)有安排敵對(duì)進(jìn)路，就可將進(jìn)路中所有道岔轉(zhuǎn)換到規(guī)定位置，并將進(jìn)路鎖??；在控制臺(tái)的軌道表示盤(pán)上，所選出的進(jìn)路從始端到

41、終端呈現(xiàn)一條白色光帶，即表示進(jìn)路已被選出并已經(jīng)鎖閉。防護(hù)這條進(jìn)路的信號(hào)機(jī)也同時(shí)自動(dòng)開(kāi)放。在表示盤(pán)上軌道模型旁，這條進(jìn)路始端處的信號(hào)復(fù)示器亮一綠燈，表示防護(hù)此進(jìn)路的信號(hào)機(jī)已經(jīng)開(kāi)放。當(dāng)列車駛?cè)朐撨M(jìn)路后，信號(hào)機(jī)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉，信號(hào)復(fù)示器的綠燈改亮紅燈，白色光帶隨著列車的前進(jìn)，一段一段地由白色變?yōu)榧t色，表示列車在占用該區(qū)段，然后又由紅色變?yōu)闇鐭魻顟B(tài)，表示列車已出清該區(qū)段，并且該區(qū)段已經(jīng)解鎖。這時(shí)，又可利用該區(qū)段內(nèi)的道岔建立新的進(jìn)路。</p>

42、;<p>　　解鎖方式有進(jìn)路分段解鎖制和進(jìn)路一次解鎖制兩種。進(jìn)路分段解鎖制是列車每通過(guò)進(jìn)路中的某一道岔軌道區(qū)段，立即使該區(qū)段解鎖，可提高作業(yè)效率，一般用于作業(yè)繁忙的大、中型車站。進(jìn)路一次解鎖制是列車通過(guò)進(jìn)路中的全部道岔軌道區(qū)段后，一次解鎖，這種方式只適用于作業(yè)較少的小站。此外，還有列車已接近開(kāi)放的信號(hào)，因故突然關(guān)閉，這就要延時(shí)解鎖，以免列車沖入時(shí)遇到正在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中的道岔。</p><p>　　電氣集中聯(lián)

43、鎖按操作方式分有進(jìn)路式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖和單獨(dú)操縱式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖；按繼電器配置方式分有組合式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖和組匣式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖等。進(jìn)路式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖在建立進(jìn)路時(shí)，只按壓進(jìn)路的始、終端兩個(gè)按鈕。單獨(dú)操縱式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖是非進(jìn)路式，應(yīng)先按壓進(jìn)路中的每一組道岔按鈕，然后再按防護(hù)這條進(jìn)路的信號(hào)按鈕。這種方式既費(fèi)時(shí)間又容易按錯(cuò)，一般只在小站采用。組合式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖，每一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合有10臺(tái)或20多臺(tái)繼電器，并且這些繼電器在架上是敞開(kāi)放置的。組匣式電氣集中聯(lián)鎖，

44、將小型信號(hào)繼電器都分組裝在匣內(nèi)。</p><p>　　發(fā)展動(dòng)向，隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們?cè)秒娮釉瞥呻娮蛹新?lián)鎖設(shè)備。但是，由于造價(jià)較高，可靠性以及故障-安全原則方面尚存在一些問(wèn)題，所以難于推廣應(yīng)用。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)可靠性的提高，已有些國(guó)家的鐵路正在研制使用計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)鎖。</p><p>　　源自：http://bbs.railcn.net/thread-411840-1-1.html<