如何提出一個(gè)論文題目或研究問(wèn)題-nccumoodle數(shù)位教學(xué)平臺(tái)-政治

1、971研究方法課程第六次上課必讀教材導(dǎo)讀如何提出一個(gè)論文題目或研究問(wèn)題,政治大學(xué)資訊管理系 李昌雄E-mail: design2learn@gmail.com教學(xué)網(wǎng)站 http://learningweb.nccu.edu.tw/moodle/,研究循環(huán)與鑽石模型,,研究論文的論述架構(gòu),現(xiàn)象與問(wèn)題﹝研究動(dòng)機(jī)與問(wèn)題﹞ 搜尋及批判文獻(xiàn)中已有的答案﹝研究背景或文獻(xiàn)探討﹞ 大膽假設(shè)或延伸已有的答案﹝理論假說(shuō)或研究架構(gòu)﹞ 以演繹或歸納

2、的實(shí)徵方法來(lái)小心推論、求證或修正已有的答案﹝資料蒐集及分析討論﹞ 問(wèn)題回答了沒(méi)有？我相信你的答案嗎？ ﹝結(jié)論﹞,,如何掌握一篇論文的重點(diǎn)從論文摘要辨識(shí)研究問(wèn)題,Effective collaboration in computer-mediated settings among spatially distributed people is a precondition for success in many new learnin

3、g and working contexts but it is hard to achieve. We have developed two instructional approaches to improve collaboration in such settings by promoting people’s capabilities to collaborate in a fruitful way and furtherin

4、g their understanding of what characterizes good collaboration. The rationale is that strategies necessary for a good and effective computer-mediated collaboration may be conveyed to people by exposing them to an elabora

5、ted worked-out collaboration example (observational learning) or by giving them the opportunity to learn from scripted collaborative problem-solving. An experimental study was conducted that compared learning from observ

6、ing a worked-out collaboration example with the learning effects of scripted collaborative problem-solving, the effects of unscripted collaborative problem-solving, and a control condition without a learning phase. The e

7、xperimental design provided clearly separated phases for the instructional treatments (learning phase) and for applying and testing the acquired skills (application phase). Both observing a worked-out collaboration examp

8、le and collaborating with a script during the learning phase showed positive effects on process and outcome of the second collaboration in the application phase.Source: Nikol Rummel and Hans Spada, “Learning to Collabor

9、ate: An Instructional Approach to Promoting Collaborative Problem Solving in Computer-Mediated Settings,” THE JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 2005, 14(2), 201–241.,,導(dǎo)讀第六週教材,必讀教材Van Dalen, D.B., Chapter 7 ‘Analysis of

10、the problem,” in Understanding educational research: An introduction, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Pub., 1979. 選讀教材Kumar, 第三章 「文獻(xiàn)探討」及第四章 「形成研究問(wèn)題」 任何一本研究方法的書(shū)，談及如何提出一個(gè)論文題目或研究問(wèn)題,What do you mean by ‘the Analysis of the Problem?”

11、,Isolating the variables that are involved and their relationships (ibid., p.168),Approaches to ‘the Analysis of the Problem’,偵測(cè)到規(guī)律的且弔詭的現(xiàn)象（paradox）如預(yù)期，但仍不甚滿(mǎn)意完全不如預(yù)期大膽臆測(cè)（conjectures）、小心求證（reasoning, and seeking for disc

12、onfirmation or supporting evidences）Induction or grounded theory approachDeduction or theory-laden approachExploring alternative, plausible explanationsSurfacing the assumptions underlying the explanation 由大問(wèn)題逐漸縮小為明

13、確可研究的問(wèn)題,Problem Analysis Procedures,Schematic Analysis of a Problem,A Case Study: A Conceptual Framework for Teacher Effectiveness,Description and Statement of the Problem,Limiting the scope of the investigationSpecify

14、ing the nature of the problemDefining the termsExamining the assumptions,A Schematic Representation of a Theory,Aides in Locating and Analyzing Problems,Steeping yourself in the literatureExposing yourself to the prof

15、essional stimulationExamining everyday experienceKeeping notes,Evaluation of a Problem,Personal considerationsSocial considerationsApproval of problem,An Example in Appendix D,BackgroundThe purpose of the studyRati