冶金工程專業(yè)英語翻譯

1、例： British and American metallurgists arrived on the patent office doorstep at about the same time in 1948 with their processes for manufacturing a new form of cast iron called ductile iron, a marvelous product that co

2、uld be made using most of the available equipment and technology of the gray iron foundry and had some special physical and economic advantages setting it apart from gray and malleable irons and forged or cast steels.,,冶

3、金學(xué)家,球墨鑄鐵,可鍛鑄鐵,,例：,例：A、根據(jù)詞類，辨明詞義 1、Aluminium is a light metal. 2、The foundry produces light castings. 3、Light cannot pass through opaque object. 4、The beacon lighted the plane to a safe landing.B、區(qū)分場合，確定詞義 1

4、、The fourth power of three is eighty one. 2、Energy is the power to do work. 3、With the development of electrical engineering, power can be transmitted over long distances. 4、The surface morphology of sph

5、eroidal graphite in ductile iron can be observed under a 1000 power SEM.,,,,形貌,球狀的,C、按照習(xí)慣，搭配詞義 1、High silicon cast iron possesses high resistance to oxidation at high temperature. 2

6、、A large pressure and a large current are needed to get a large amount of water power. D、聯(lián)系上下文，活用詞義 1、The strength decreases as the temperature increases. 2、Small as atoms are, electrons

7、 are still smaller.,,,,The extent of decarburization in a white heart iron depends on Mg-S ratio as well as on section thickness.When high pouring temperatures are used to ensure satisfactory running of thi

8、n sections of castings the primary austenite tends to form long coarse dendrites.,白心可鍛鑄鐵,填充,,脫碳,,,Wrought alloys possess good forgeability, and it gives way to pressure.Electric resistance furnaces have their electric

9、energy transformed into heat.This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation.,在壓力下會變形,將，使得,結(jié)構(gòu),,Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.This new annealing furnace is a

10、fuel-efficient model.,中間結(jié)構(gòu),,詞語的增譯,1 英語復(fù)數(shù)名詞的增譯After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained. The first steel castings produced by full mold process (實型鑄造工藝) went into use in 19

11、78.,一些重要現(xiàn)象,第一批,2 表示動作意義名詞的增譯Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance.,,氧化作用,做出修正及改變,3 增譯概括性詞語Both steel iron and cast iron hav

12、e the structures of eutectoid, hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid.Ductile irons are manufactured by melting, inoculation (孕育處理), spheroidization (球化處理) and pouring.,4 增譯解說性詞語 Metallic matrix composites became useful o

13、nly in the late eighties. ….. 成為….. 東西This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem. ....工藝方面….操作方面,5 增譯語氣連貫詞The more complex

14、the casting, the more difficult the alloy and more difficult the applicable specifications, the greater the financial benefit. ….. 那么….. 就Many persons learned to program with little u

15、nderstanding of computers and their applications. ….. 雖然….. 但,詞語的減譯,1 冠詞的減譯The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloy irons.A liquid metal becomes

16、a gas at or above boiling point.The smaller carbides will easily decompose and go into solution in the austenite and produce a more homogeneous austenite structure.,2 介詞的減譯The temperature of metal moulds should always

17、be in excess of 200℃.The content of metal titanium in this alloy is 12.3%-18.6% by weight.In 1990 aluminium alloy castings transfers amounted to perhaps ＄30 million in the market.,3 連詞的減譯Manganese goes into solid s

18、olution and then it forms a separate constituent. Mn溶入固溶體，然后形成游離態(tài)組元。These metals usually require a certain amount of preheating before welding and then allowed to cool slowly after the weld is completed.,4.1 人稱代詞的減譯

19、Most of these alloys are covered by proprietary names and they are normally produced under licence from companies which have developed them.,Before you begin to work the instrument, first read the instruction carefully.

20、Given the weight and the specific gravity of a body, we can calculate its volume.,4.2 物主代詞的減譯The process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting.It is possible to vary the fluidity and chemical reactiv

21、ity of slags by adjusting their composition.,4.3 反身代詞的減譯Like zinc, iron also converts itself into a vapor at high temperature.4.4 不定代詞的減譯One cannot see the metallographic structure of alloy with one’s naked eyes.,4.5

22、 關(guān)系代詞的減譯Industrial experience has shown that ductile irons treated with pure magnesium tend to have less problems with dross defects.,5 動詞的減譯This process offers a very good control on the gas content and the amount of

23、 insoluble oxide films in the liquid metal.Making use of free-silicon nodularizer results in a requirement for improved spheroidizing treatment technology.,6 引導(dǎo)詞的減譯If more thought were given to consequences of injuries

24、 there would be less tendency to ignore safety precautions and thus, fewer accidents.It is important to reduce the carbon level in stainless steels as low as possible.,7 根據(jù)修辭進(jìn)行減譯The force of gravity acts vertically do

25、wnwards and gives an object “weight or heaviness”.Each nucleation site gives rise to a crystal or grain which, when solidification is complete, meets neighboring grains at a grain boundary.,,成分的轉(zhuǎn)換,1 動詞賓語 主語T

26、his device exhibits a high efficient.The runner gate should have a flat bottom.2 介詞賓語 主語 Cast iron differ in their graphite morphologies .,3 表語 主語This equipment is a well-designed structure.4 主語

27、 賓語Carbon is found in almost all ferrous metals.An austenite shell is formed over the entire surface of the graphite nodules.,5 定語 謂語Lower temperatures are associated with faster crystal growth rate

28、s.6 狀語 補語The triple-diffused structure has its advantage of having a uniformly doped collector region.,詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換,1 名詞 其它詞The experiment proved to be a failure.The defects of castings show considerabl

29、e variety.2 動詞 名詞The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability.,3 形容詞 其它詞This metal matrix composite is fairly recent development.These components may serve as an illustrati

30、ve application of the surface alloying process.,4 副詞 其它詞The device is shown schematically in Fig.3.The extrusion die must be dimensionally correct.5 介詞 動詞The letter A is commonly used for austenite

31、, F for ferrite, G for graphite.,,詞序的變動,The pouring temperature must be below 1340℃ to minimize liquid shrinkage.The dross problem is caused by the formation of magnesium oxides and sulfides resulting from

32、 the Mg treatment.,Slip and twinning are the most important modes of deformation and account largely for the plastic strain that is generated before fracture.Presented in the paper are new data on this subject.,,被動句型,T

33、ensile strength is measured in MPa.Metal aluminum itself had been known to man.1420℃ is showed on the pyrometer.No steel can be melted without electric furnace.,否定句型,全部否定：用具有否定意義的詞構(gòu)成1 None of these castings have

34、shrinkage defects.2 Neither of the compounds are intermetallic compound.,復(fù)數(shù)形式數(shù)的翻譯 tens 數(shù)十個 dozens 幾十 hundreds 幾百個 thousands 幾千個 millions 千

35、千萬萬,5、含有數(shù)詞的習(xí)慣短語 a hundred and one 無數(shù)的，許多的 by halves 不完全，不徹底 fifty-fifty 平均 first of all 首先 second to none 首屈一指,,直譯與意譯Silicon ca

36、rbide crucibles also consist of silicon carbide and special graphites but with the addition of a small quantity of silicon. 碳化硅坩堝也是由碳化硅和特種石墨組成，但還添加了少量的硅。It may seem strange that in this modern electronic time, th

37、e physicists are still a very long way from understanding the ultimate structure of matter or existence. 看起來也許有些奇怪，在當(dāng)今電子時代，物理學(xué)家距離理解物質(zhì)或存在的最終結(jié)構(gòu)還有很長一段路程。,,在當(dāng)今電子時代，物理學(xué)家們還遠(yuǎn)沒有弄清物質(zhì)即存在的最終結(jié)構(gòu)，這似乎有些奇怪。,死譯與亂譯Problems encount

38、ered in the test indicate the need for following additional design refinements. 試驗中碰到的問題指明了下述另外的設(shè)計改進(jìn)的必要。Founding of metals has always been regarded as a mixture of art and science with some foundryman maintaining

39、 it is more an art than a science. 金屬鑄造通常被認(rèn)為是藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的混合體，而一些鑄造師認(rèn)為它比科學(xué)更藝術(shù)。,,試驗中出現(xiàn)的問題表明，還需要對原設(shè)計進(jìn)行下述改進(jìn)。,通常認(rèn)為金屬鑄造是藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的結(jié)合，一些鑄造師則認(rèn)為：與其說它是一門科學(xué)，毋寧說它是一種藝術(shù)。,詞典的作用猶如鐘表。最壞的鐘表聊勝于無，而最好的鐘表也難保無誤。,Dictionaries are like watches ,the

40、 worst is better than none and the best can not be expected to be quite true.,一、順序法。當(dāng)英語長句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時, 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。例如:,例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for u

41、s, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.,即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)時, 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)。,例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, a

42、nd it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.,可是現(xiàn)在人們意識到, 其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊藏量是有限的, 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望

43、存在多少年”, 也就是說, 經(jīng)過若干年后, 這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲量將消耗殆盡。,二、逆序法。英語有些長句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時必須從原文后面開始翻譯。,例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always be

44、ing combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.,由于鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合（因為鋁跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力）, 所以 在自然界中找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁，因而 直到19世紀(jì)鋁才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。,例2. Such is a human nature in the West that a

45、great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.,許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會地位, 這在西方倒是人之常情。,例3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progr

46、ess as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.,對于以往幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段, 而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動, 因此首先體驗到技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。,三、分句法。有時英語長句中

47、主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切, 翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣,把長句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。,例1.Forging processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large number of identical

48、 castings being produced.,鍛造方法可分為單件生產(chǎn)和大批生產(chǎn)兩類：單件生產(chǎn)是生產(chǎn)少量的鍛件，大批生產(chǎn)則是生產(chǎn)大量相同的鍛件。,,例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,

49、and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.,人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時事, 掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。,例3. The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read i

50、s incredible about one in four.,大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直令人難以置信。,例4. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number o

51、f planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.,雖然在某處已經(jīng)開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會發(fā)展成高度復(fù)雜、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的數(shù)目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個天然組成部分。,例1. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, re

52、quires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.,對于現(xiàn)代書籍, 特別是教科書來說, 要是作者希望自己書中的內(nèi)容能與新概念、新觀察到的事實和新發(fā)現(xiàn)同步發(fā)展的話, 那么就應(yīng)該每隔較短的時間, 將書中的內(nèi)容重新修改。,四、綜合法。 一些英語長句單純采用上述任何

53、一種方法都不方便, 這就需要我們的仔細(xì)分析, 或按照時間的先后,或按照邏輯順序, 順逆結(jié)合, 主次分明地對全句進(jìn)行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實的漢語句子。,例2.0ne of the ways of further strengthening a solid solution matrix is to obtain a fine distribution of a hard intermetallic compound thr

54、oughout the structure in order to further restrict deformation mechanisms, large crystals or networks of such compounds must be avoided however since they can cause embrittlement.,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化固溶體基體的途徑之一是：在整個組織中獲得細(xì)密分布的堅硬的金屬間化合物，

55、以進(jìn)一步限制變形機(jī)制；但是必須速免粗大晶粒和金屬間化合物的網(wǎng)狀組織，因為它們會導(dǎo)致脆性。,例3.It is important remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification, and such variations in compositi

56、on, impurity elements and also grain size caused in hot—working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.,重要的是要記住，給定牌號鋼的化學(xué)成分在其規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)可能發(fā)生一些變化，這樣一些在熱加工過程

57、中引起的存在于成分、雜質(zhì)元素、還有晶粒大小上的變化，將使熱處理工藝和力學(xué)性能產(chǎn)生一些差異.,例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing act

58、ivity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.,大到目前為止, 經(jīng)歷了18和19兩個世紀(jì), 這種新的傾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生產(chǎn)活動、商業(yè)往來、政府部門以及娛樂場所都集中在城市的中心地區(qū)。,例5. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although th