汽車專業(yè)英語翻譯及課后答案

1、1Unit1AutomotiveBasicsAutomobilestrucksbusesareessentialfmsoftransptation.Theyarecomplexmachinesmadeupofmanyparts.Thesepartscanbegroupedintoanumberofsystems.Anunderstingofhowthesystemwkwillhelpyouundersthowtheautomobilew

2、ks.轎車、卡車和客車是交通運輸?shù)闹匾M成部分。它們都是由許多部件組成的復(fù)雜機器。這些部件可以歸類為汽車的幾個組成系統(tǒng)。了解這些各個小系統(tǒng)是如何工作的將有助于我們理解整個汽車系統(tǒng)是如何工作。Anautomobilecanbedividedintotwobasicparts:abodyachassis.Thebodyistheenclosurethathousestheenginepassengerscargo.Itisthepartof

3、theautomobilethatyousee.Thechassisisthatpartoftheautomobilebeneaththebody.汽車可以分為兩個基本部分：車身和底盤。車身包圍發(fā)動機、乘客和行李，它是汽車你所看到的部分。而車身以下的部分就是底盤。1.1THEBODYAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindowsdosahoodatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itp

4、rovidesaprotectivecoveringftheenginepassengerscargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafecomftable.Fexampleinsulationinthebodyreducesnoiseprotectsagainstheatcold.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractivecolfulmodernappearanceft

5、hevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistancetokeepthecarfromswayingatdrivingspeeds.轎車車身是一個鈑金件殼體，它上面有車窗、車門、發(fā)送機罩和行李艙門等部件，它給發(fā)動機、乘客和行李提供防護。車身設(shè)計來確保乘客乘坐的安全和舒適。比如：車身絕熱層可以減少噪音和抵御冷熱。車身造型設(shè)計使得汽車有一個華美、現(xiàn)代、吸引人的外觀。車身的流線型設(shè)計可以減少風(fēng)阻，防止汽

6、車行馳過程中發(fā)生擺動。Theautomobilebodyhastwobasicpartstheupperbodytheunderbody.車身有兩個基本部分車身上部和車身下部。1.2ThechassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoperatingpartsofavehicle.Thechassisincludeseverythingexceptthebody.The

7、threeimptantpartsofthechassisaretheframetheenginethepowertrain(alsocalledthedrivetrain).Eachofthesethreepartsismadeupofanumberofsystems.Asystemisamechanicalelectricalunitthatperfmsaspecificfunction.Thuseachsystem(suchass

8、teeringbrakefuel)hasacertainjobtodoinrunningavehicle.Weshalllookateachofthesepartssystemstoseehowtheyfittogethertofmtheautomobilechassis.底盤集中了汽車大部分的運動組件，它包括除了車身以外的所有部件。底盤有三個重要的系統(tǒng)：車架、發(fā)動機和傳動系統(tǒng)。這三個系統(tǒng)又都有許多個完成某一個特定功能的機械或電氣系統(tǒng)組

9、成。為了保證汽車正常運轉(zhuǎn)，每個系統(tǒng)（比如：轉(zhuǎn)向、制動或燃油系統(tǒng)）都要實現(xiàn)一定的功能。下來我們看看這些系統(tǒng)和組件是如何相互連接從而組成汽車底盤的。1.2.1TheframeThefirstmajpartofthechassisistheframe.Itismadefromtoughsteelsectionsweldedrivetedboltedtogether.Theframelookslikeasteelladderthoughitso

10、metimehasanXshapefextrastrength.Itfmsafoundationfthecarbodythepartsoftheseveralsystems.Thebodyisjoinedtotheframewithbolts.Rubbershockmountswashersareusedateachjoint.Thesereducevibrationroadnoise.Inmostmoderncarstheframei

11、sbuiltintothebody.Acarwiththeframebuiltintothebodyhasaunitizedbodyunibody.Theframesupptsthesuspensionsystemsteeringsystemthebrakingsystem.底盤最重要的部分就是車架。車架由鋼件通過焊接、鉚接或螺栓聯(lián)接而成，看上去就像一架鋼梯。有時為了得到額外的強度，車架做成了X形狀。車架為車身和很多系統(tǒng)部件提供3燃式發(fā)

12、動機。Theautomobilesuppliesalltheelectricityitneedsthroughitselectricalsystem.Fexampletheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityftheignitionhnlightsheaterstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyagingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsists

13、ofthebatteryalternat(generat)theregulat.Thebatterysteselectricity.Thealternatchangestheengine’smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyregethebattery.Theregulatpreventsdamagetothesystembyregulatingthemaximumvoltageinthecircu

14、it汽車通過自身的電氣系統(tǒng)給自身供電。比如：電氣系統(tǒng)給點火系統(tǒng)、喇叭、燈光、供暖系統(tǒng)和起動器供電。系統(tǒng)電壓通過充電系統(tǒng)保持穩(wěn)定。充電系統(tǒng)由電池、發(fā)電機和調(diào)節(jié)器組成。電池儲存電能。發(fā)電機將發(fā)動機的機械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔埽⒔o電池充電。調(diào)節(jié)器調(diào)節(jié)電氣系統(tǒng)的最大電壓，提供過壓保護。Thefuelsystemstesliquidfueldeliversittotheengines.Thefuelisstedinthetankwhichisconnec

15、tedtoafuelpumpbyafuelline.Thefuelispumpedfromthefueltankthroughthefuellines.Itisfcedthroughafilter(whichremovesmoisturedirt)intothecarburetwhereitismixedwithairintothefuelinjectionsystem.Thefuelismixedwithairtofmacombust

16、iblemixtureinthecarburetthemanifoldthecylindersthemselves.燃油系統(tǒng)儲存液態(tài)燃料，并且把燃料送至發(fā)動機。燃料儲存在通過油管與油泵連接的油箱里。油泵通過油管將油箱內(nèi)的油泵出，并通過濾清器（去除濕氣和雜污）送達化油器與空氣混合或者噴油系統(tǒng)。燃油在化油器、歧管或氣缸自身內(nèi)與空氣混合，形成可燃混和物。Theexhaustsystemhasfourjobs:1.Tocollectburned

17、gasesfromtheengines.2.Toremovedangerousemissionthatpollutestheair.3.Toreduceexhaustnoises.4.Togetridoftheexhaustgases.排放系統(tǒng)要實現(xiàn)四個功能：1、收集發(fā)動機的廢氣。2、去除污染空氣的排放物。3、減少排放噪音。4、排出廢氣。Exhaustgasescontaincarbonmonoxideunburnedhydrocarb

18、onsoxidesofnitrogen.Sincealloftheseareharmfultheexhaustsystemisdesignedtoreducethemasmuchaspossible.IntheUnitedStaresallmodernautomobileshaveemissioncontrolsystems.汽車廢氣包含一氧化碳，未燃燒的碳氫化合物和氮氧化合物。所有的這些都是有害的，排放系統(tǒng)設(shè)計要盡可能多減少這些有害物

19、質(zhì)。美國所有的現(xiàn)代車都配備了排放系統(tǒng)。Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Thetemperatureinenginecombustionchambersisabout1094C.Sincesteelmeltsataround1354Cthisheatmustbecarriedawaytopreventenginedamage.Airacoolantareusedtocar

20、ryawaytheheat.Theradiatisfilledwithacoolant.Thewaterpumpcircuitsthiscoolantthroughtheenginethewallsoftheengineblockhead.Heatalsoisremovedbytheradiatfanwhichdrawsairthroughthenarrowfinsoftheradiat.Thissystemalsosupplieshe

21、attothepassengercompartmentthewindowdefroster.冷卻系統(tǒng)去除發(fā)動機多余的熱量。發(fā)動機燃燒室的溫度可以達到1094攝氏度。鋼的熔點大約是1354攝氏度，發(fā)動機多余的熱量必須消除來防止發(fā)動機過熱?？諝夂屠鋮s劑用來帶走這個熱量。散熱器內(nèi)裝滿了冷卻劑。水泵使冷卻劑在發(fā)動機、發(fā)動機殼體和發(fā)動機蓋循環(huán)流動。也可以使用冷卻風(fēng)扇來降溫。冷卻風(fēng)扇將風(fēng)從散熱器狹窄的孔徑吹出，從而帶走熱量。這個系統(tǒng)可以給乘客艙和車