英語筆譯1

1、right保存講義打印講義英語筆譯（三級）精講班第35講講義Section12005年5月英語三級筆譯實務(wù)試題Section1:EnglishChineseTranslation(英譯漢)(60points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Thetimefthissectionis120minutes.Theimptanceofagriculturecannotbeoverstated.M

2、ethan50percentofthewldslabfceisemployedinagriculture.Thedistributionintheearly1980srangedfrom67percentofthoseemployedinAfricatolessthan5percentinNthAmerica.InWesternEuropethefigurewasabout16percentinEasternEuropetheSovie

3、tUnionabout32percentinAsiaabout68percentFarmsizevarieswidelyfromregiontoregion.RecentlytheaveragefCanadianfarmswasabout186ha(about460acres)perfarmfU.S.farmsabout175ha(about432acres).TheaveragesizeofasinglelholdinginthePh

4、ilippineshowevermaybesomewhatlessthan3.6ha(lessthan9acres)inIndonesiaalittlelessthan1.2ha(lessthan3acres)。Sizealsodependsonthepurposeofthefarm.Commercialfarmingproductionfcashisusuallydoneonlargeholdings.Theplantationsof

5、LatinAmericaarelargeprivatelyownedestateswkedbytenantlab.Singlecropplantationsproducetearubbercocoa.Wheatfarmsaremostefficientwhentheycomprisesomethoussofhectarescanbewkedbyteamsofpeoplemachines.Australiansheepstationsot

6、herlivestockfarmsmustbelargetoprovidegrazingfthoussofanimals.IndividualsubsistencefarmssmallfamilymixedfarmoperationsaredecreasinginnumberindevelopedcountriesbutarestillnumerousinthedevelopingcountriesofAfricaAsia.A“back

7、tothel“movementintheU.S.reversedthedeclineofsmallfarmsinNewEnglAlaskainthedecadefrom1970to1980.YouThemeTheconditionsthatdeterminewhatwillberaisedinanareaincludeclimatewatersupplyterrain.Overthe10000yearssinceagricultureb

8、egantobedevelopedpeopleseverywherehavediscoveredthefoodvalueofwildplantsanimalsdomesticatedbredthem.Themostimptantarecerealssuchaswheatricebarleycnrye.Agriculturalincomeisalsoderivedfromnonfoodcropssuchasrubberfiberplant

9、stobaccooilseedsusedinsyntheticchemicalcompounds.Moneyisalsoderivedfromraisinganimalsfpelt.MuchofthefeignexchangeearnedbyacountrymaybederivedfromasinglecommodityfexampleSriLankadependsonteaDenmarkspecializesindairyproduc

10、tsAustraliainwoolNewZealArgentinainmeatproducts.IntheU.S.wheathasbecomeamajfeignexchangecommodityinrecentyears.來源:YouThemeTheimptanceofanindividualcountryasanexpterofagriculturalproductsdependsonmanyvariables.Amongthemis

11、thepossibilitythatthecountryistoolittledevelopedindustriallytoproducemanufacturedgoodsinsufficientquantitytechnicalsophistication.SuchagriculturalexptersincludeGhanawithcocoaMyanmarwithrice.Ontheotherhanexceptionallywell

12、developedcountrymayproducesurplusesnotneededbyitsownpopulationthishasbeentrueoftheU.S.CanadasomeoftheWestEuropeancountries.點評：這是一篇講述農(nóng)業(yè)重要性的大路貨文章。文字簡單。就具體翻譯而言，本文翻譯中一個很重要的特色是英語被動態(tài)改換成漢語主動態(tài)：1、Theimptanceofagriculturecannotbeo

13、verstated.Methan50%ofthewld’slabfceisemployedinagriculture：在翻譯中將英語被動改成漢語主動。2、Farmsizevarieswidelyfromregiontoregion.在翻譯中要求學(xué)員對選詞有種強(qiáng)烈的“精準(zhǔn)”的意識。這兒里的“size”最好翻譯成“規(guī)?！?。3、Commercialfarmingproductionfcashisusuallydoneonlargeholdin

14、gs：在翻譯中英語被動改成漢語主動態(tài)：“大農(nóng)場通常從事……”4、Theconditionsthatdeterminewhatwillberaisedinanareaincludeclimatewatersupplyterrain.:這句話的翻譯中我們首先需要考慮如何翻譯定語從句thatdeterminewhatwillberaised其次是被動態(tài)改成主動態(tài)：“一個地區(qū)究竟生產(chǎn)什么，這取決于……”5、Overthe10000yearssi

15、nceagriculturebegantobedevelopedpeopleseverywherehavediscovered…:英語被動改成漢語主動：“自有農(nóng)業(yè)以來，……”6、Agriculturalincomeisalsoderivedfromnonfoodcropssuchas…:英語被動改成漢語主動態(tài)。7、Muchofthefeignexchangeearnedbyacountrymaybederivedfrom…:英語被動態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)