book 3 板塊六 modules 5

1、Ⅰ.詞匯認(rèn)知1． n．職位2． vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)3． vi.辭職4． n．狀況；條件；環(huán)境,Module 5　Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China,position,stress,resign,condition,5． adj.平等的→

2、 adv.平等地→ n．平等6． n．重要；重要性→ adj.重要的7． adj.有影響的→ n．影響8． n．誠(chéng)實(shí)→ adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的9．

3、 n．貢獻(xiàn)→ vt.貢獻(xiàn)10． vt.發(fā)明→ n．發(fā)明→ n．發(fā)明家11． 　　　　　　與……交戰(zhàn)12． 養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)13．

4、 責(zé)任感14． 第一次15． 結(jié)果是,equal,equally,equality,importance,important,influential,influ

5、ence,honesty,honest,contribution,contribute,invent,invention,inventor,be at war with,bring up,a sense of responsibility,for the first time,as a result,Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境助記Jane holds a senior in a large company and she

6、 is to every challenge.She always the importance of and ，which has a great on her workmates.She makes great to the development of

7、the company.We are shocked to hear that she several days ago because she was out of .,position,equal,stresses,honesty,justice,influence,contributions,,resigned,condition,1．equal vt.等于，與……相

8、等(＝be equal to)；比得上　adj.(大小、數(shù)量、程度)相等的；勝任的n．同等的人和物,①She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.論智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。②I'm sure Barbara's quite equal to the task.我確信芭芭拉完全有能力承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。③(2012年高考遼

9、寧卷)So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an_equal power with the United States.因此，他們將生活在一個(gè)中國(guó)與美國(guó)同等權(quán)利的世界。,2．order n．秩序；順序；整齊；命令；訂購(gòu)；訂單；點(diǎn)飯(菜)vt.命令；訂購(gòu)；安排,①He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and ord

10、er in society.他強(qiáng)調(diào)了仁愛(ài)、責(zé)任和社會(huì)秩序的重要性。②The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month.＝The doctor ordered that I (should)take a rest for a month.醫(yī)生指示我要休息一個(gè)月。③(2012年高考浙江卷)Successful people all have their own places where

11、 they can withdraw in_order_to work.成功人士的煩惱是他們?yōu)榱斯ぷ鞫鴱乃麄冏约旱牡胤诫x開(kāi)。,3．stress n．壓力，重壓；強(qiáng)調(diào)　vt.重音；著重；強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀,①I(mǎi) can't stress enough the carefulness while crossing roads.過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要細(xì)心，我如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不過(guò)分。②The teacher laid particular stress

12、on the need for discipline.老師特別強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律的重要性。③(2012年高考北京卷)“Stress affects how people learn，”says Professor Mara Mather.馬拉馬瑟教授說(shuō)：“壓力影響人們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)”。,4．condition n．狀況；條件；環(huán)境；社會(huì)地位 ①The car has been well maintained and is in exc

13、ellent condition.汽車(chē)一直保養(yǎng)得很好，處于極佳狀態(tài)。②I'll let you borrow it on condition that you lend me your bicycle in return.只要你把你的自行車(chē)借給我，我就會(huì)借給你。③(2012年高考天津卷)Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists，and always use your lights

14、in_dark_conditions.小心步行者和其他騎自行車(chē)的人，他們?cè)诤诎档沫h(huán)境中總是借你的光。,(1)condition表示“環(huán)境”時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示“狀況”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“條件”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。(2)on no condition位于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝，即把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等放在主語(yǔ)之前。On no condition must you tell him what happened.你決不能把發(fā)生的事情告

15、訴他。,5．contribution n．[C]貢獻(xiàn)，投稿；[U]捐獻(xiàn)，捐助；[C]捐獻(xiàn)的物品(或錢(qián)),①Day centres for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service.照顧老人的日托中心為整個(gè)服務(wù)事業(yè)作出了可貴的貢獻(xiàn)。②All the money to the flooded areas has been raised by volun

16、tary contributions.所有去災(zāi)區(qū)的錢(qián)都是靠自愿捐獻(xiàn)籌措的。③(2012年高考山東卷)One of the greatest contributions_to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual.第一本牛津英語(yǔ)詞典的最大的貢獻(xiàn)也是最不尋常的。,6．bring up撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐；使(車(chē)輛等)突然停住；(船等)停

17、下/到終點(diǎn),①All children should be brought up to respect their parents and teachers.應(yīng)該教育所有的兒童尊敬父母和老師。②He was drunk and brought up what he had at midnight.他喝醉了，半夜里把吃的東西都吐了。③The great damage which the earthquake brought abo

18、ut made many people homeless or lose their lives.地震所帶來(lái)的巨大損失使許多人失去家園或者喪生。,7．be at war with與……交戰(zhàn),①During the Second World War，Germany was at war with almost all the countries in the world.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，德國(guó)幾乎同世界上所有的國(guó)家處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。②

19、All the countries should solve their disputes in a peaceful way instead of going to war against each other.所有國(guó)家都應(yīng)該以和平的方式來(lái)解決爭(zhēng)端而不是相互開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。③The country had no other choice but to declare_war_on their enemy.這個(gè)國(guó)家沒(méi)有其他選擇，不得不向敵人

20、宣戰(zhàn)。,8．for the first time第一次(在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))①With the Industrial Revolution，factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.隨著工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展，工廠出現(xiàn)了，產(chǎn)品的批量生產(chǎn)第一次成為可能。,②For the first time，the people were able to

21、 dream of a better future.第一次，人們能夠構(gòu)想美好的未來(lái)。③This is the first time that I've been away from my family for such a long time.這是我第一次離家這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。④The_first_time I flew in a plane I was really nervous.我第一次乘飛機(jī)時(shí)確實(shí)很緊張。,9．in c

22、onclusion總之；總而言之①I(mǎi)n conclusion，I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car.總之，我認(rèn)為汽車(chē)是很有用的，因?yàn)橛辛似?chē)，出行是很方便的。,②In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.最后，我想說(shuō)我今天過(guò)得很開(kāi)心

23、。③Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.匆忙下結(jié)論是很危險(xiǎn)的。④We came_to_the_conclusion that the room must have been empty.我們得出結(jié)論：那個(gè)房間當(dāng)時(shí)一定是空的。,1．The children were all at ________ table，while the father sat at ________ table，readi

24、ng a newspaper.A．不填；不填　　　　　　　B．the；theC．不填；the D．the；不填解析：句意：孩子們都在吃飯，而這位父親正坐在桌旁看報(bào)紙。at table意為“在吃飯”，而at the table意為“在桌旁”。答案：C,2．(2013年泰安模擬)Once the poison is ________，there is no further

25、danger.A．brought up B．brought inC．brought back D．brought about解析：句意：一旦把毒藥吐出，就不會(huì)有更多危險(xiǎn)。bring up“吐出，養(yǎng)育”；bring in“引進(jìn)”；bring back“歸還”；bring about“引起，導(dǎo)致”。答案：A,3．Runn

26、ing a company is not ________ a matter of hiring people－they also need to be trained.A．simply B．partlyC．seriously D．equally解析：句意：管理一家公司不是與雇傭

27、人相同的一件事情，他們需要受到訓(xùn)練。simply“簡(jiǎn)單地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“嚴(yán)肅地”；equally“相同地，平等地”。答案：D,4．(2013年大連高三檢測(cè))Due to bad weather，the police had to ________ the search for the missing boy.A．resign

28、B．a(chǎn)bandonC．conduct D．release解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：由于惡劣的天氣的緣故，警察們不得不放棄對(duì)丟失男孩的尋找。表示“放棄”用abandon，而resign“辭去，放棄”，conduct“處理，經(jīng)營(yíng)”，release“釋放”，都不符合句意。答案：B,5．(2013年宜昌模擬)Teachers often ________ the imp

29、ortance of diligence in the approach to success.A．noticed B．stressedC．spoke D．talked解析：stress“強(qiáng)調(diào)，極力主張”；notice“觀察”；speak“說(shuō)”；talk“講”。由句意知B項(xiàng)符

30、合。stress the importance of...“強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性”。答案：B,6．We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great ________.A．emotion B．excitementC．crisis

31、 D．stress解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成。put sb.under(great)stress“使某人處境(非常)緊張，使某人受(很大)壓力”。答案：D,7．Though he started late，Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if ________，Miss Liu.A．not better than

32、 B．not betterC．no better than D．no better解析：句意：雖然郭先生鋼琴學(xué)得晚，可是他彈得即使不比劉小姐好，也至少和她一樣好。因?yàn)橛蠱iss Liu作賓語(yǔ)，than不可以省略，所以排除B和D。no better than“兩者都不好”，而本題是說(shuō)郭先生彈得不錯(cuò)，故排除C項(xiàng)；not better than不比……好。

33、答案：A,8．His order was that he ________ next day.A．returned B．returnC．was to return D．would return解析：句意：他的命令是他應(yīng)該第二天回來(lái)。that­clause是表語(yǔ)從句，受orde

34、r的制約，應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形。答案：B,9．(2013年大連模擬)________，the pay isn't attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting.A．Generally speaking B．On the contraryC．In particular

35、 D．To be honest解析：考查詞組辨析。句意：說(shuō)實(shí)話，雖然工作本身很有趣，但報(bào)酬不是很吸引人。generally speaking“一般說(shuō)來(lái)”；on the contrary“恰恰相反”；in particular“特別，尤其”；to be honest“說(shuō)實(shí)話”。故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D,10．(2013年銀川高三質(zhì)檢)Eating too much fat can ________

36、heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A．result from B．contribute toC．a(chǎn)ttend to D．devote to解析：result from“由于”；attend to“關(guān)心，照料”；devote to“致力于”；contribu

37、te to在此意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案：B,11．________，because of all the disadvantages I have mentioned，I think，as a student，we don't need a mobile phone.A．As a result B．In conclusionC．In fact

38、 D．To tell the truth解析：考查固定搭配辨析。as a result“結(jié)果”；in conclusion“總之”；in fact“事實(shí)上”；to tell the truth“說(shuō)實(shí)話”。句中有disadvantages I have mentioned...可推斷這里應(yīng)是總結(jié)時(shí)說(shuō)的一句話，故選B。答案：B,12．The flooded area

39、 is in ________ of total neglect.The people have to live in makeshift tents under the most appalling ________.A．a(chǎn) condition；condition B．a(chǎn) condition；conditionsC．conditions；condition D．conditi

40、ons；conditions解析：句意：被洪水淹沒(méi)的地區(qū)完全處于沒(méi)人照管的境況。人們被迫住在移動(dòng)帳篷里，處在最令人沮喪的條件下。be in a condition of...意為“處于……情形之下”；而第二空則表示“環(huán)境”。答案：B,1．Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。[知識(shí)提煉]　way作為“方式；方法”的意思時(shí)，在句中作先行詞，如果關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)

41、從句中作狀語(yǔ)，那么可以用that或in which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，that或in which也可以省略。[句式仿寫(xiě)]　這就是他做此事的方法。This_is_the_way_(that)_he_did_it.,2．Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.古代中國(guó)是一個(gè)國(guó)與國(guó)之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地方。[知識(shí)提煉]　句中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

42、，be at war with“與……處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)”。[句式仿寫(xiě)]　北京是我的出生地。Beijing_is_the_place_where_(in_which)_I_was_born.3．Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.孟子是一位思想家，他的學(xué)說(shuō)與孔子的學(xué)說(shuō)非常相似。[知識(shí)提煉]　該句中代詞those代替t

43、he teachings。[句式仿寫(xiě)]　書(shū)桌上面的書(shū)比桌子下面的那些好。The_books_on_the_desk_are_better_than_those_under_the_desk.,4．However，we do know that in 1092 AD he invented...然而，我們的確知道在公元1092年，他發(fā)明了……[知識(shí)提煉]　本句中的do是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。在肯定句中(通常是現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句中

44、)，可將助動(dòng)詞do(does/did)放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。[句式仿寫(xiě)]　使我高興的是，這棵植物確實(shí)看起來(lái)像是我們正在尋找的那棵。To_my_great_joy，the_plant_did_look_exactly_like_what_we_were_looking_for.,1．Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from a

45、nimals is that man is good.孟子認(rèn)為人不同于動(dòng)物的原因是人是善良的。the reason why...is that...是一個(gè)固定句式，意為“……的原因是……”。其中why引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。,①The reason why some people died young is that they didn't pay attention to their health.一

46、些人早逝的原因是他們不注意自己的身體健康。②I won't accept the reason that/which he explained for his being late.我不會(huì)接受他對(duì)于遲到所作的解釋。③The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.他在會(huì)議上解釋的理由是

47、他沒(méi)有趕上早班車(chē)。,(1)that is because...中because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句表述原因；that is why...中why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句表結(jié)果。①Sorry，we are late.That's because we were held up in the traffic jam.很抱歉我們遲到了，那是因?yàn)槲覀冇錾辖煌ǘ氯坏R了。②We were late；that's why we missed

48、 the first bus.我們遲到了，那就是為什么我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了第一班車(chē)。(2)reason用作定語(yǔ)從句先行詞時(shí)，首先判斷reason在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分，如果作狀語(yǔ)，則要使用關(guān)系副詞why；如作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則使用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)reason在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that或which可省略。③We'd like to know the reason why she didn't acc

49、ept the job.我們希望知道她為什么不接受這份工作。,2．Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。句中的way表示“方式、方法”，其后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用that/in which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，也可將引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞省略。①Being disabled has completely changed the way he understands the

50、world around him.殘疾已經(jīng)完全改變了他理解周?chē)澜绲姆绞?。②We have been struck by the way he teaches us the language.我們被他教我們語(yǔ)言的方式給吸引住了。③We not only attach importance to the result，we also stress the way you solve the problem.我們不僅認(rèn)為結(jié)果是重要

51、的，我們也強(qiáng)調(diào)你解決問(wèn)題的方法。,1．(2013年泰安模擬)Nuclear radiation is said ________ the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.A．being B．to beC．to have been

52、 D．that it is解析：考查It is said that的變形句。該句型可以改寫(xiě)成“原that從句的主語(yǔ)＋be said＋動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的不定式根據(jù)需要可以用不同的時(shí)態(tài)形式。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里核輻射已經(jīng)成為日本地震中最大的健康挑戰(zhàn)。由句中的over the past few months可知，不定式要用完成式。答案：C,2．(2013年合肥質(zhì)檢)What a wonder！

53、They've finished ________ half of the project in such a short time.A．no more than B．no less thanC．not more than D．much less than解析：句意：真是一個(gè)奇跡！他們?cè)谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就完成了多達(dá)一半的工程。no

54、more than＝only僅僅；no less than＝as much as不少于，多達(dá)。如：We won no less than 500 pounds in a competition.我們?cè)谝粓?chǎng)比賽中贏的錢(qián)多達(dá)500英鎊。not more than至多，不超過(guò)；much less than比……少得多。答案：B,3．(2013年成都高三檢測(cè))What surprised us was not what she said bu

55、t ________ she said it.A．the way B．in the way thatC．the way which D．the way what解析：not...but...連接的前后兩部分應(yīng)該是并列成分，故but后應(yīng)是名詞，又因the way作先行詞時(shí)，后面的連接詞可以是that/in whic

56、h或省略。故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A,4．(2012年高考北京卷)When deeply absorbed in work，________ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A．that B．whichC．where

57、 D．when解析：句意：他常常聚精會(huì)神地工作，這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為逗號(hào)前面的deeply absorbed in work，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，故選擇B項(xiàng)。答案：B,5．(2012年高考福建卷)The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two

58、 months.A．that B．itC．a(chǎn)s D．what解析：句意：正如報(bào)告中所表明的，城市空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去兩個(gè)月里已經(jīng)得到改善。本題考查由as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析題干可知，________ is shown in the report是非限制性