石油資源勘查專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

1、1Unit1BasicGeologyLesson1GeologyEarthscience(alsoknownasgeosciencethegeosciencestheEarthsciences)isanallembracingtermfthesciencesrelatedtotheplaEarth.ItisarguablyaspecialcaseinplaarysciencetheEarthbeingtheonlyknownlifebe

2、aringpla.TherearebothreductionistholisticapproachestoEarthsciences.ThefmaldisciplineofEarthSciencesmayincludethestudyoftheatmosphereoceansbiosphereaswellasthesolidearth.Geologyisgenerallycategizedwithinthegeosciences.Geo

3、logy(fromtheGreek，geo“earth“l(fā)ogos“speech“)isanaturalsciencewhichstudiesthegeologyscienceoftheearthshistycompositionstructuretheassociatedprocesses.Itdrawsuponchemistrybiologyphysicsastronomymathematics(notablystatistics)

4、fsupptofitsfmulations.Geologyisaverycomplexscience.TherearemanybranchesofGeologywhichcanbegroupedunderthemajheadingsofphysicalhisticalgeology.PhysicalGeologyPhysicalgeologyincludesmineralogythestudyofthechemicalcompositi

5、onstructureofmineralspetrologythestudyofthecompositioniginofrockgeomphologythestudyoftheiginoflfmstheirsmodificationbydynamicprocessesgeochemistrythestudyofthechemicalcompositionoftheearthmaterialsthechemicalchangesthato

6、ccurwithintheearthonitssurfacegeophysicsthestudyofthebehaviofrockmaterialsinresponsetostressesaccdingtotheprinciplesofphysicssedimentologythescienceoftheerosiondepositionofrockparticlesbywindwatericestructuralgeologythes

7、tudyofthefcesthatdefmtheearth’srocksthedeionmappingofdefmedrockbodieseconomicgeologythestudyoftheexplationrecoveryofnaturalresourcessuchasespetroleumengineeringgeologythestudyoftheinteractionoftheearth’scrustwithhumanmad

8、estructuressuchastunnelminesdamsbridgesbuildingfoundations.HisticalgeologyHisticalgeologydealswiththehisticaldevelopmentoftheearthfromthestudyofitsrocks.Theyareanalyzedtodeterminetheirstructurecompositioninterrelationshi

9、psareexaminedfremainsofpastlife.Histicalgeologyincludespaleontologythesystematicstudyofpastlifefmsstratigraphyoflayeredrockstheirinterrelationshipspaleogeographyofthelocationsofancientlmassestheirboundariesgeologicmappin

10、gthesuperimposingofgeologicinfmationuponexistingtopographicmaps.Histicalgeologistsdividealltimesincetheinfmationoftheearliestknownrocks(c4billionyearsago)intofourmajdivisions:thePrecambrianPaleozoicMesozoicCenozoiceras.E

11、achexcepttheCenozoicendedwithprofoundchangesinthedispositionoftheearth’scontinentsmountainswasacterizedbytheemergenceofnewfmsoflife.Broadcyclicalpatternswhichrunthroughallhisticalgeologyincludeaperiodofmountaincontinentb

12、uildingfollowedoneoferosioninturnbyanewperiodofelevation.EarlyGeologicStudiesObservationsonearthstructureprocessesweremadebyanumberoftheancientsincludingHerodotusAristotleLucretiusStraboSeneca.Theirindividualefftsinthe35

13、.geophysicsn.地球物理學(xué)6.sedimentologyn.沉積學(xué)7.structuralgeology構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)8.economicgeology經(jīng)濟(jì)地質(zhì)學(xué)（礦床學(xué)）9.paleontologyn.古生物學(xué)10.stratigraphyn.地層學(xué)11.paleogeography

14、n.古地理學(xué)12.Precambriann.adj.前寒紀(jì)13.Paleozoicn.adj.古生代（界）14.Mesozoicn.adj.中生代（界）（的）15.Cenozoicn.adj.新生代（界）（的）16.catastrophism

15、災(zāi)難論17.remotesensingn.遙感18.spaceshuttle航天飛機(jī)19.Herodotus（希臘歷史學(xué)家）希羅多德（約公元前485約公元前425）20.Werne維爾納(17501817)德國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)家、礦物學(xué)家，水成論的創(chuàng)立者21.unifmitarianismn.均變論22.Aristotle亞里士多德（公元前

16、322公元前384古希臘大哲學(xué)家，科學(xué)家）23.Renaissancen.文藝復(fù)興（時(shí)期）24.lesDarwin查爾斯達(dá)爾文，英國(guó)博物學(xué)家，進(jìn)化論創(chuàng)立者25.Lsatn.（美國(guó)）地球資源（探測(cè)）衛(wèi)星26.aqueous[；]adj.含水的，似水的Translations&InterpretationsofdifficultSentence

17、s1Broadcyclicalpatternswhichrunthroughallhisticalgeologyincludeaperiodofmountaincontinentbuildingfollowedoneoferosioninturnbyanewperiodofelevation.貫穿著整個(gè)地史時(shí)期最主要的循環(huán)模式，包括一段時(shí)期的造山和大陸，隨后發(fā)生的侵蝕作用，然后，是一個(gè)新時(shí)期的抬升。2Theirindividualeff