[雙語翻譯]外文翻譯--非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)在經(jīng)濟中的重要性（英文）

1、 Procedia Economics and Finance 39 ( 2016 ) 731 – 736 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com2212-5671 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND lic

2、ense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of BEMTUR- 2015 doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30271-4 ScienceDirect3rd GLOBAL CONFERENCE on BUSINESS,

3、ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT and TOURISM, 26-28 November 2015, Rome, Italy The importance of the intangible cultural heritage in the economy Tudorache Petronelaa* aPhD. Student, the Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 41

4、, Dacia Blvd. , District 1, 010404, Romania Abstract The importance of intangible cultural heritage refer to the wealth of knowledge and skills that is transmitted from one generation to the next ones. First of all, for

5、 the minority groups and for mainstream social groups, the social and economic value of knowledge is relevant. Intangible cultural heritage is expressed through process, phrases, know-how, and abilities- that include a

6、ssociated objects and cultural spaces - that people distinguish as component of their cultural heritage. Spread through generations and constantly recreated, it ensures humanity with a sense of identity and continuity.

7、Secondly, different sectors of the economy, for instance: rates of growth and development, the volumes of outflow of foreign exchange, infrastructure development, new management techniques and the training experience a

8、re certainly contributing to the economic and social development of a country. Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage is a valuable source of the economy. Safeguarding activities must therefore always involve the so

9、ciety, people and, where appropriate, individuals that bear such heritage. The global wealth of traditions is the principal motivation for travel, with tourists seeking to find out about new cultures and to experience t

10、he global difference of performing arts, handcrafts, rituals and cuisines. The cultural cooperation stimulates by such meeting prompts discussion, builds understanding and encourage tolerance and peace. Persons who rea

11、lize these values, everywhere in the world have their own way for spreading their knowledge and skills, for the most of the times relies on word of mouth rather than written texts. In conclusion, the intangible cultura

12、l heritages create bridges between past, present and future; they make continuity and change the structure of the society with experiences like transition and transcendence. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevi

13、er B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Academic World Research and Education Center. Keywords: Intangible cultural heritage; economy; identity; safeguarding. * Tudorache Petronela. Tel.:+4-34-543-343.

14、 E-mail address: tudorachep@yahoo.com © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review un

15、der responsibility of the Organizing Committee of BEMTUR- 2015733Tudorache Petronela / Procedia Economics and Finance 39 ( 2016 ) 731 – 736 UNESCO website states that communities have an important aim in the prod

16、uction, safeguarding, maintenance of the intangible cultural heritage, thus help to create cultural diversity and human creativity. 2. Analyze of the annual gross income in a few countries of Union European According Eu

17、romonitor website, in 2013, many of the Spanish local authorities acted proactively in terms of engaging with travel and tourism companies to promote domestic travel and tourism in their respective regions. This result

18、ed in the successful development of themed tourism such as promoting green tourism, placing additional emphasis on cultural heritage and cultural festivals. Increasing numbers of local and regional travel and tourism p

19、romotional offices in Spain are investing in social media. This is becoming increasingly important for domestic tourism, especially since the preferred target group of young and prosperous people regularly use social me

20、dia and the internet. Greece has always been a favourite tourism choice for international travellers. Its impressive cultural heritage and staggering coastlines are recognised the world over making travel and tourism i

21、ndustry a strong performer in the country. Also on the website on the Euromonitor, I find that statistics about the countries that I analyze. Slovenia’s per capita annual gross income stood at €15,492 (US$20,554) in 20

22、14, the highest level in Eastern Europe and more than double the region’s average. However, the indicator registered a decrease of 9.1% in real terms (or an average real drop of 1.9% per year) between 2009 and 2014, th

23、e second steepest fall in Eastern Europe after Croatia during the review period. Per capita annual gross income posted real drops every year except 2014 (the year that GDP posted annual real growth of 3.0%, the highest

24、 level reported during the review period) when it registered an increase of 1.3% year-on-year in real terms against 2013. Spain’s per capita annual gross income contracted by 12.3% in real terms between 2009 and 2014 to

25、 reach €20,562 (US$27,280) by the end of that period. This was the second largest decline amongst EU countries (after Greece), highlighting the severe impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis on the Spanish econ

26、omy, which caused the bursting of the real estate bubble that had fuelled the country’s economic expansion during most of the 2000s. Greece’s per capita annual gross income plunged sharply by 29.7% in real terms betwee

27、n 2009 and 2014 (equivalent to an average annual drop of 6.8% in real terms over that period) to reach €14,630 (US$19,410) in 2014, reflecting a significant fall in living standards. The contraction of Greece’s per cap

28、ita annual gross income was significantly higher than the eurozone’s average decline of 2.4% during the same period. Owing to high debt levels; severe budget constraints; and soaring unemployment, the Greek economy suf

29、fered from six consecutive years of recession during the 2008-2013 period before it posted marginal growth of 0.8% in real terms in 2014. Portugal’s per capita annual gross income contracted by 7.8% in real terms betwee

30、n 2009 and 2014 to reach €15,396 (US$20,427) in 2014. This compares to a 1.1% decline in real terms recorded by the broader EU over the same period. The sharper contraction of Portugal’s per capita annual gross income

31、is the result of the country’s economic recession caused by the impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and eurozone sovereign debt crisis. Austria’s per capita annual gross income grew at an average annual rat

32、e of 0.2% in real terms between 2009 and 2014 (equivalent to a total rise of 0.9% over that period) to reach €32,168 (US$42,679) in 2014. Although the growth was modest, Austria still outperformed most countries in the

33、 European Union (EU), as the economic bloc as a whole posted a real period contraction of 1.1% in per capita annual gross income during the 2009-2014 period. 3. Research Firstly, to see the importance of the intangibl

34、e cultural heritage in tourism, I had to consider two important factors, namely: money spent by tourists on tourism segment art, culture and heritage, and money spend by tourists on total attractions of tourism. After

35、that, I analyze this factors on a period of six years: 2009-2014. The five countries that I analyze have the same currency euro. The value data are obtained from Euromonitor website and it is expressed in millions of