簡介：96學時人體解剖學實驗圖片考試2008年1月8日,考試說明本試題共有40張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留40秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)將答案寫在答題卡上。人體解剖教研室出題老師金聯(lián)洲,1顱骨名稱,額骨蝶骨、頂骨顳骨篩骨,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,2、請為頸椎上的結構做出標注,,椎孔椎間孔橫突孔、椎管椎管裂孔,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,3恥骨結節(jié),39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D、,E,A,4、橈骨粗隆,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,B、,C,D,E,A,5、寫出韌帶名稱,,,棘上韌帶棘間韌帶黃韌帶、前縱韌帶后縱韌帶,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,6、前臂前面結構,,,肱二頭肌肱肌、喙肱肌肱橈肌三角肌,圖中所示的藍色區(qū)域是哪塊肌的止點,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,7、脛骨粗隆,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,A,B、,C,D,E,8、腭骨,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D、,E,A,9、斜方肌,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,A,B、,C,D,E,頭臂靜脈頭靜脈、貴要靜脈腋靜脈鎖骨下靜脈,,,10,,請寫出上肢淺靜脈名稱,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,11、股二頭肌,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D,E、,A,12、梨狀肌,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,A,B、,C,D,E,13、,腹腔結構,A,A,A,B、,下列兩張圖片,哪張是空腸,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,14、咽隱窩,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B、,C,D,E,A,15、回盲區(qū),十二指腸空腸回腸、盲腸結腸,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,16、腎大盞,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C、,D,E,A,17、左肺肺根結構,,該藍色結構是肺動脈、肺靜脈主支氣管支氣管動脈支氣管靜脈,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,18、卵巢固有韌帶,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D、,E,A,19、位于男性膀胱下方的結構,前列腺、精囊腺尿道球腺前庭大腺膀胱腺,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,20、結構名稱,箭頭所指區(qū)域的內(nèi)面為左心室左心房右心室、右心房,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,21、肺靜脈,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B、,C,D,E,A,22右心房內(nèi)面的肌肉隆起,,,腱索右束支肉柱梳狀肌、界嵴,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,23與箭頭所指靜脈伴行的皮神經(jīng)屬于下列哪條神經(jīng)的分支坐骨神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)腓總神經(jīng)股神經(jīng)、閉孔神經(jīng),,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,24、寫出靜脈名稱,,,下腔靜脈肝靜脈肝門靜脈、腸系膜上靜脈脾靜脈,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,25、寫出眼球結構名稱,,,上瞼提肌上直肌上斜肌、下斜肌內(nèi)直肌,眶上面觀結構,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,26手掌部神經(jīng)名稱,,,橈神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng)、肌皮神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng),39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,27、下頜神經(jīng)支配的區(qū)域,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C、,D,E,A,28、,,A端腦B間腦、C中腦D腦橋E延髓,,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,圖中所指區(qū)域屬于,29、舌下神經(jīng),39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D、,E,A,30、松果體,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,B,C,D、,E,A,31、行走于胼胝體溝內(nèi)的動脈是,,,大腦前動脈、大腦中動脈大腦后動脈椎動脈脈絡叢前動脈,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,32、舌神經(jīng),39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B、,C,D,E,A,33、寫出神經(jīng)名稱,,,橈神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)、正中神經(jīng),39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,34、腰骶干,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B、,C,D,E,A,35、尾狀核,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D,E,A、,36、角回,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B,C,D,E、,A,37、,正中神經(jīng)支配的區(qū)域是,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,B、,C,A,38、圖中所示的神經(jīng)屬于哪條神經(jīng)的分支,,,三叉神經(jīng)面神經(jīng)舌咽神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)、舌下神經(jīng),39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,39、該神經(jīng)穿過的孔或裂為,,,圓孔、卵圓孔棘孔眶上裂破裂孔,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,40、腦干橄欖中部切面,,,圖中紅色的核屬于什么性質(zhì)一般軀體運動、一般軀體感覺一般內(nèi)臟運動內(nèi)臟感覺特殊內(nèi)臟運動,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,

簡介：溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,第二章關節(jié)學,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,第二章關節(jié)學總論,第二章關節(jié)學第一節(jié)總論定義骨與骨之間借纖維組織、軟骨或骨相連，稱為骨連結或關節(jié)分類1、纖維連結（纖維關節(jié)）直接連接2、軟骨和骨性連結（軟骨關節(jié)）3、關節(jié)（滑膜關節(jié)）間接連接,,,,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,一、纖維連結一韌帶連結1韌帶如棘間韌帶2骨間膜如前臂骨間膜二縫如失狀縫二、軟骨連結一透明軟骨結合如蝶枕結合、肋軟骨二纖維軟骨結合如椎間盤、恥骨聯(lián)合三、骨性結合如骶椎間、髖臼處,第二章關節(jié)學總論,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,四、關節(jié)或滑膜關節(jié)特點有滑液腔隙，充以滑液，活動較大。一關節(jié)的基本構造關節(jié)由關節(jié)面、關節(jié)囊和關節(jié)腔三部分構成，是每一個關節(jié)必須具備的結構，三者缺一不可。,第二章關節(jié)學總論,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,1、關節(jié)面為構成關節(jié)各相關骨的關節(jié)面，一般由關節(jié)頭和關節(jié)窩組成，表面覆有關節(jié)軟骨透明軟骨，光滑有彈性；減少磨擦，吸收震蕩。2、關節(jié)囊纖維結締組織膜構成，附于關節(jié)面周緣及骨面，與骨膜融合。纖維層外層致密結締組織構成，增強骨與骨間連結，限制關節(jié)過度運動?；觾?nèi)層疏松結締組織構成，產(chǎn)生滑液，減少磨擦，降低軟骨蝕損，保證關節(jié)軟骨的營養(yǎng)和新陳代謝。3、關節(jié)腔為密閉潛在腔隙，含少量滑液，減少磨擦；形成負壓能穩(wěn)定關節(jié)。,第二章關節(jié)學總論,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,二關節(jié)的輔助結構1、韌帶連于相鄰兩骨之間的致密結締組織束囊外韌帶纖維層外，如腓側副韌帶囊韌帶纖維層局部增厚，如輪匝帶囊內(nèi)韌帶滑膜層與纖維層之間，如交叉韌帶2、關節(jié)內(nèi)軟骨關節(jié)腔內(nèi)的纖維軟骨1關節(jié)盤圓盤狀、半月形附于關節(jié)囊，分隔關節(jié)腔。2關節(jié)唇附于關節(jié)窩周緣，加深關節(jié)窩，增大關節(jié)面。,第二章關節(jié)學總論,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,3、滑膜襞和滑膜囊1滑膜襞滑膜層突入關節(jié)腔的部分2滑膜囊滑膜層突出關節(jié)腔的部分三關節(jié)的運動1、移動關節(jié)面間的滑動2、屈和伸足跖屈和背曲3、收和展4、旋轉（1）旋內(nèi)和旋外（2）旋前和旋后前臂旋轉5、環(huán)轉,第二章關節(jié)學總論,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,四關節(jié)的分類1、單軸關節(jié)屈戍關節(jié)，滑車關節(jié)，車軸關節(jié)2、雙軸關節(jié)橢圓關節(jié)，鞍狀關節(jié)3、多軸關節(jié)球窩關節(jié)，杵臼關節(jié)，平面關節(jié)五關節(jié)的血管、淋巴及神經(jīng)1、關節(jié)的動脈動脈網(wǎng)2、關節(jié)的淋巴管3、關節(jié)的神經(jīng)關節(jié)支，分布與承受的重量和運動范圍成正比,第二章關節(jié)學總論,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,第二節(jié)中軸骨連結一、軀干骨的連結由脊柱和胸廓組成一脊柱1、椎骨間的連結1椎體間的連結1椎間盤組成纖維環(huán)，髓核作用緩沖沖擊、吸收震動，增加脊柱的運動幅度臨床腰椎間盤脫出癥2前縱韌帶寬，椎體前3后縱韌帶窄，椎體后,第二章關節(jié)學中軸骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,2椎弓間的連結1黃韌帶腰椎穿刺2棘間韌帶3棘上韌帶和項韌帶4橫突間韌帶5關節(jié)突關節(jié),第二章關節(jié)學中軸骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,3寰椎與枕骨及樞椎的關節(jié)1）寰枕關節(jié)寰枕前膜前縱韌帶的最上部分寰枕后膜相當與黃韌帶2）寰樞關節(jié)組成寰樞外側關節(jié)，寰樞正中關節(jié)韌帶齒突間韌帶，翼狀韌帶，寰椎橫韌帶，覆膜,第二章關節(jié)學中軸骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,2脊柱的整體觀及其運動1脊柱的整體觀長男70CM，女60CM1脊柱的前面觀椎體大小2脊柱的后面觀棘突方向3脊柱的側面觀頸、胸、腰、骶曲2脊柱的運動運動屈、伸、側屈、旋轉、環(huán)轉。特點頸、腰部活動大，胸部活動小3常見的脊柱變異與畸形,第二章關節(jié)學中軸骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,（二）胸廓組成胸椎12塊肋12對胸骨1肋椎關節(jié)聯(lián)動關節(jié)肋頭關節(jié)肋橫突關節(jié)2胸肋關節(jié)肋弓3胸廓的整體觀及其運動整體觀胸廓上口，胸廓下口、胸骨下角、肋間隙標志胸骨柄上緣2，胸骨角4，劍突10運動肋上提吸氣；肋下降呼氣,第二章關節(jié)學中軸骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,二、顱骨的連結一顱骨的纖維連結和軟骨連結二顱骨的滑膜關節(jié)顳下頜關節(jié)組成下頜窩和關節(jié)結節(jié)下頜頭特點聯(lián)動關節(jié)，關節(jié)盤運動上提下降，前后移動，側方移動，研磨運動。,第二章關節(jié)學中軸骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,第三節(jié)附肢骨連結特點1上肢的關節(jié)以運動的靈活性為主2下肢的關節(jié)以運動的穩(wěn)定性為主組成1上肢骨連結上肢帶骨連結自由上肢骨連結2下肢骨連結下肢帶骨連結自由下肢骨連結,,第二章關節(jié)學附肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,一、上肢骨連結一上肢帶骨連結1胸鎖關節(jié)組成胸骨鎖切跡鎖骨胸骨端特點關節(jié)盤，前后有韌帶運動升降；前進、后退；環(huán)轉2肩鎖關節(jié)肩鎖韌帶，喙鎖韌帶3喙肩韌帶喙肩弓,,,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,二自由上肢骨連結1肩關節(jié)組成關節(jié)盂肱骨頭特點①窩淺而小，囊薄而松弛，周圍肌腱加強，活動度大②韌帶喙肱韌帶、盂肱韌帶③盂唇、肱二頭肌長頭腱、結節(jié)間滑液鞘④前下方薄弱，易肩關節(jié)脫位運動屈伸；收展；環(huán)轉；旋轉（內(nèi)、外）,,,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,,,2肘關節(jié)組成肱尺關節(jié)肱骨滑車尺骨滑車切跡滑車關節(jié)肱橈關節(jié)肱骨小頭橈骨頭關節(jié)凹橈尺近側關節(jié)橈骨環(huán)狀關節(jié)面尺骨橈切跡,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,,,特點①復關節(jié)，囊前后壁薄而松弛，兩側壁厚而緊張②韌帶橈側副韌帶、尺側副韌帶、橈骨環(huán)狀韌帶③提攜角163O運動屈（內(nèi)、外上髁和鷹嘴呈等腰三角形“∴”）伸（內(nèi)、外上髁和鷹嘴呈一直線“”）,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,3橈尺連接組成1橈尺近側關節(jié)橈骨頭環(huán)狀關節(jié)面尺骨橈切跡2前臂骨間膜纖維方向外上斜向內(nèi)下3橈尺遠側關節(jié)尺骨頭環(huán)狀關節(jié)面橈骨尺切跡特點聯(lián)動關節(jié)，三角形關節(jié)盤運動旋前、旋后；中立位,,,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,4手關節(jié)1橈腕關節(jié)組成橈骨下端腕關節(jié)面、關節(jié)盤舟、月、三角骨特點四周有韌帶加強，三角形關節(jié)盤參與關節(jié)窩構成運動屈伸；收展；環(huán)轉,,,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,2腕骨間關節(jié)近側列、遠側列腕骨間關節(jié)、腕中關節(jié)3腕掌關節(jié)拇指腕掌關節(jié)，屬鞍狀關節(jié)組成第1掌骨底鞍狀關節(jié)面大多角骨鞍狀關節(jié)面運動屈伸、收展、環(huán)轉、對掌。4掌指關節(jié)球窩關節(jié)，兩側韌帶限制；作屈伸、收展、環(huán)轉運動。5指骨間關節(jié)滑車關節(jié)；只能作屈伸運動,,,第二章關節(jié)學上肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,二、下肢骨連結一下肢帶骨連結1骶髂關節(jié)骶骨耳狀面髂骨耳狀面骶髂前、后韌帶，骶髂骨間韌帶2恥骨聯(lián)合（恥骨聯(lián)合面恥骨間盤）恥骨上韌帶，恥骨弓狀韌帶3髖骨與脊柱間的韌帶連結髂腰韌帶L5橫突骶結節(jié)韌帶坐骨小孔骶棘韌帶坐骨大孔4髖骨的固有韌帶閉孔膜，閉膜管腹股溝韌帶，恥骨梳韌帶。,,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,骨盆大骨盆界線岬弓狀線恥骨梳恥骨結節(jié)恥骨聯(lián)合上緣骨盆上口界線小骨盆骨盆腔骨盆下口尾骨尖骶結節(jié)韌帶坐骨結節(jié)坐骨支恥骨支恥骨聯(lián)合下緣性差恥骨弓女，恥骨角男,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,二自由下肢連結1髖關節(jié)組成髖臼股骨頭特點窩深大，髖臼唇；囊厚、堅韌囊外韌帶髂股韌帶，坐股韌帶，恥股韌帶囊韌帶輪匝帶囊內(nèi)韌帶髖臼橫韌帶、股骨頭韌帶運動屈伸；收展；環(huán)轉；旋轉,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,2、膝關節(jié)組成股骨下端髕骨脛骨上端特點①復關節(jié)，最大、最復雜，囊外、囊內(nèi)有韌帶加強。②韌帶囊外韌帶脛側副韌帶腓側副韌帶髕韌帶髕內(nèi)側支持帶髕外側支持帶囊內(nèi)韌帶前交叉韌帶后交叉韌帶囊韌帶腘斜韌帶,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,③內(nèi)側半月板、外側半月板④髕上囊，髕下深囊，翼狀襞運動屈伸；屈膝時小腿旋轉,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,3、脛腓連結組成脛腓關節(jié)小腿骨間膜脛腓韌帶,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,4、踝關節(jié)距小腿關節(jié)組成脛、腓骨下端距骨滑車（前寬后窄）特點①距骨滑車前寬后窄，囊前后薄，兩側韌帶加強②內(nèi)側內(nèi)側韌帶（三角韌帶）外側距腓前、后韌帶，跟腓韌帶運動背屈（伸）穩(wěn)；跖屈（屈）不穩(wěn),,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,5、跗骨間關節(jié)組成距跟關節(jié)跗橫關節(jié)距跟舟關節(jié)跟骰關節(jié)特點跟舟足底韌帶跳躍韌帶，分岐韌帶運動內(nèi)翻，外翻6、其他足關節(jié),,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,7、足弓內(nèi)側縱弓跟骨距骨舟骨楔骨3跖骨內(nèi)3外側縱弓跟骨骰骨跖骨外2橫弓骰骨楔骨3跖骨5功能1彈性三足架，支撐的穩(wěn)固性2保護足底血管神經(jīng)免受壓迫，保護器官和腦免受沖擊震蕩臨床扁平足（足骨、韌帶、肌腱等病變）,,,第二章關節(jié)學下肢骨連結,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖學教研室,再見,

簡介：局部解剖標本實物圖片考試,考試說明本試題共有20張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留60秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)按提示寫出每張圖片所指出的結構名稱。人體解剖教研室,例如腋窩的動脈（右側）,,胸上動脈胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈胸背動脈,答案胸外側動脈,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,,,,,,,,,,1、胸腔（左側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,膈神經(jīng)心淺叢喉返神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng),,2、頸部的肌右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,二腹肌胸鎖乳突肌胸骨舌骨肌前斜角肌,,3、頸部神經(jīng)左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)膈神經(jīng),,4、頸叢,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,枕小神經(jīng)耳大神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng),,5、頸部的分區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,下頜下三角肌三角頸動脈三角枕三角,6、頸部中層,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,舌咽神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)喉上神經(jīng),,7、胸壁（右側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸大肌胸小肌前鋸肌鎖骨下肌,,8、腹后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,輸尿管輸精管睪丸動脈腸系膜上動脈,,9、胸后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸導管奇靜脈副奇靜脈胸交感干,,10、腹壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,腹直肌腹外斜肌腹內(nèi)斜肌腹橫肌,,11、腹腔血管胃已翻起,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胃左動脈胃右動脈胃網(wǎng)膜左動脈胃網(wǎng)膜右動脈,,12、下肢前面肌左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,股內(nèi)側肌股外側肌股直肌股中間肌,,13、小腿前面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脛前動脈腓動脈骨間前動脈膝下動脈,,14、股前內(nèi)側區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,股神經(jīng)坐骨神經(jīng)閉孔神經(jīng)隱神經(jīng),,15、小腿后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脛后動脈腓動脈穿動脈膝下外側動脈,,16、臂后外側面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,岡上肌岡下肌大圓肌三角肌,,17、手掌,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際小魚際蚓狀肌骨間肌,,18、臂前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng),,19、前臂前區(qū)右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,肱橈肌旋前圓肌橈側腕屈肌掌長肌,,20、手掌橫斷面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際間隙掌中間隙外側格內(nèi)側格,,

簡介：人體解剖學實驗圖片考試,考試說明本試題共有20張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留45秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)按提示寫出每張圖片所指出的結構名稱。人體解剖教研室,例如腋窩的動脈（右側）,,,,胸上動脈胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈胸背動脈,,,,,,,,,,,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,1胸部肌肉名稱,胸大肌,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,2、該神經(jīng)支配三角肌和小圓肌,橈神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)肩胛上神經(jīng)肩胛下神經(jīng),44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,3、肌肉,豎脊肌三角肌頸長肌胸鎖乳突肌斜方肌背闊肌,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,頸部神經(jīng)，位于頸動脈鞘內(nèi),,迷走N膈N副N鎖骨上N臂叢,,4,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,5、右肺內(nèi)面壓跡,,胸主動脈奇靜脈食道上腔靜脈肺靜脈,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,6、上肢肌,肱二頭肌,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,7、腹膜結構,小腸系膜大網(wǎng)膜小網(wǎng)膜橫結腸系膜,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,8、靜脈,脾靜脈門靜脈腸系膜上靜脈腸系膜下靜脈,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,9、回盲區(qū),空腸回腸盲腸闌尾,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,10迷走神經(jīng)的分支（穿甲狀舌骨膜）,喉上神經(jīng)內(nèi)支喉上神經(jīng)外支喉返神經(jīng),,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,11、心臟大血管（進入右心房）,肺動脈干升主動脈上腔靜脈下腔靜脈,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,12、主動脈弓分支,鎖骨下動脈頸總動脈頭臂干腋動脈,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,13腹部臟器名稱,脾,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,14、股后區(qū),,頸叢分支臂從分支腰叢分支骶叢分支,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,15、腹部動脈,,左結腸A乙狀結腸A直腸上A腸系膜下A,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,16、前臂動脈,橈動脈,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,17、心臟后面觀,肺動脈肺上靜脈肺下靜脈主動脈上腔靜脈下腔靜脈,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,18、上肢淺靜脈,頭臂靜脈頭靜脈貴要靜脈肱靜脈,,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,19、神經(jīng)名稱,股神經(jīng),,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,20、腹腔干分支,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脾動脈肝固有動脈肝總動脈胃十二指腸動脈胃左動脈,,

簡介：局部解剖學實驗考試題,川北醫(yī)學院人體解剖學教學實驗中心,第一套題,共50題,每題40秒鐘,,第1題,這是什么神經(jīng),耳大神經(jīng),,第2題,這是什么神經(jīng),迷走神經(jīng),,第3題,這是什么結構,網(wǎng)膜孔,第4題,,這是什么神經(jīng),腋神經(jīng),這是什么血管,,第5題,頭臂干,,第6題,這是什么血管,面動脈,,第7題,這是什么結構,肝圓韌帶,,第8題,這是什么神經(jīng),迷走神經(jīng),,第9題,這是什么結構,,腮腺,,第10題,這是什么血管,甲狀腺上動脈,第11題,,這是什么結構,,腹股溝淺淋巴結,,第12題,這是什么結構,降結腸,第13題,,這是什么血管,頭靜脈,,這是什么血管,第14題,奇靜脈,,第15題,這是什么血管,肱深動脈,第16題,,這是什么結構,肱二頭肌腱,,第17題,這是什么神經(jīng),肌皮神經(jīng),,第18題,這是什么神經(jīng),胸背神經(jīng),,第19題,這是什么神經(jīng),胸交感干,,第20題,這是什么血管,顳淺動脈,第21題,,這是什么血管,貴要靜脈,這是什么結構,,第22題,食管,第23題,這是什么神經(jīng),,尺神經(jīng),,第24題,這是什么神經(jīng),舌下神經(jīng),,這是什么神經(jīng),第25題,橈神經(jīng),第26題,這是什么結構,,腕橫韌帶,,左頭臂靜脈,,這是什么血管,第28題,肺靜脈,第29題,,這是什么結構,腱劃,,第30題,這是什么結構,胃,,第31題,這是什么血管,回結腸動脈,,這是什么結構,第32題,腸系膜,,第33題,這是什么結構,髂脛束,,這是什么肌,第34題,長收肌,,第35題,這是什么血管,肺靜脈,第36題,,這是什么結構,冠狀韌帶,,第37題,這是什么結構,膈,,第38題,這是什么肌,腓腸肌,這是什么血管,第39題,,胃網(wǎng)膜右動脈,,第40題,這是什么結構,,胰,,第41題,這是什么神經(jīng),正中神經(jīng),這是什么血管,,第42題,髂總動脈,這是什么結構,第43題,,膽總管,,第44題,這是什么血管,頸內(nèi)動脈,,第45題,這是什么肌,腹內(nèi)斜肌,第46題,,這是什么肌,前斜角肌,,這是什么結構,第47題,腹白線,,第48題,這是什么血管,頸外靜脈,這是什么神經(jīng),第49題,,膈神經(jīng),這是什么結構,,第50題,精索,

簡介：局部解剖標本實物圖片考試,考試說明本試題共有20張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留60秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)按提示寫出每張圖片所指出的結構名稱。人體解剖教研室,例如腋窩的動脈（右側）,,胸上動脈胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈胸背動脈,答案胸外側動脈,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,,,,,,,,,,1、胸腔（左側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,膈神經(jīng)心淺叢喉返神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng),,2、頸部的肌右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,二腹肌胸鎖乳突肌胸骨舌骨肌前斜角肌,,3、頸部神經(jīng)左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)膈神經(jīng),,4、頸叢,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,枕小神經(jīng)耳大神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng),,5、頸部的分區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,下頜下三角肌三角頸動脈三角枕三角,6、頸部中層,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,舌咽神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)喉上神經(jīng),,7、胸壁（右側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸大肌胸小肌前鋸肌鎖骨下肌,,8、腹后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,輸尿管輸精管睪丸動脈腸系膜上動脈,,9、胸后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸導管奇靜脈副奇靜脈胸交感干,,10、腹壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,腹直肌腹外斜肌腹內(nèi)斜肌腹橫肌,,11、腹腔血管胃已翻起,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胃左動脈胃右動脈胃網(wǎng)膜左動脈胃網(wǎng)膜右動脈,,12、下肢前面肌左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,股內(nèi)側肌股外側肌股直肌股中間肌,,13、小腿前面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脛前動脈腓動脈骨間前動脈膝下動脈,,14、股前內(nèi)側區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,股神經(jīng)坐骨神經(jīng)閉孔神經(jīng)隱神經(jīng),,15、小腿后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脛后動脈腓動脈穿動脈膝下外側動脈,,16、臂后外側面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,岡上肌岡下肌大圓肌三角肌,,17、手掌,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際小魚際蚓狀肌骨間肌,,18、臂前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng),,19、前臂前區(qū)右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,肱橈肌旋前圓肌橈側腕屈肌掌長肌,,20、手掌橫斷面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際間隙掌中間隙外側格內(nèi)側格,,

簡介：2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,1,第七次上肢后面學習要點臂后、前臂后區(qū)淺層肌肉肱骨肌管的內(nèi)容肘后三角骨間后血管神經(jīng)束,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,2,第七次上肢后面,范圍三角肌區(qū)、肩胛區(qū)、臂后區(qū)肘后區(qū)、前臂后區(qū)、手背區(qū),（一）三角肌區(qū)1淺層結構臂外側上皮神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)的皮質(zhì)2深層結構三角肌3腋神經(jīng)伴旋肱后血管穿四邊空肌支三角肌和小圓肌，損傷后方肩,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,3,（二）肩胛區(qū)1淺層2深層1）肌肉肩胛下肌、岡上肌、岡下肌、小圓肌、大圓肌2）局部結構三邊孔旋肩胛動脈四邊孔旋肱后動脈腋神經(jīng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,4,3肌腱袖4肩胛動脈網(wǎng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,5,（三）臂后區(qū)1淺層結構1）皮膚與淺筋膜2）淺靜脈由內(nèi)外側轉向前面3）皮神經(jīng)臂后皮神經(jīng)、肋間臂神經(jīng)、臂內(nèi)側皮神經(jīng)、前臂后皮神經(jīng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,6,2深層層結構1）深筋膜和臂后骨筋膜鞘2）肌肉3）肱骨肌管4）橈神經(jīng)血管束,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,7,（四）肘后區(qū)1淺層鷹嘴皮下囊皮膚和鷹嘴之間的滑膜囊2深層1）深筋膜2）肱三頭肌肌腱3）肘肌4）尺神經(jīng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,8,肘后三角肘關節(jié)屈曲呈直角時，肱骨內(nèi)、外上髁和尺骨鷹嘴三點構成等腰三角形，肘關節(jié)伸直時，三點在同一直線上。肘外側三角肘關節(jié)屈曲呈90°時，從橈側觀察，肱骨外上髁、橈骨頭與尺骨鷹嘴尖端構成一等腰三角形。肘后窩肘關節(jié)伸值時，在尺骨鷹嘴、橈骨頭和肱骨小頭之間形成一個小凹陷。肘關節(jié)動脈網(wǎng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,9,（五）前臂后區(qū),1淺層結構2深層結構1）深筋膜及臂后骨筋膜鞘2）前臂后群肌3）骨間后血管神經(jīng)束橈神經(jīng)深支和骨間后神經(jīng)骨間后動脈,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,10,（六）手背,,1淺層結構1）手背靜脈網(wǎng)2）淺淋巴3）橈神經(jīng)淺支4）尺神經(jīng)手背支,,橈神經(jīng)淺支,,尺神經(jīng)手背支,,手背靜脈網(wǎng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,11,2深層結構1）手背腱膜2）骨間背側筋膜3）筋膜間隙4）指伸肌腱,

簡介：15、小腿后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,坐骨神經(jīng)腓總神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)腓腸神經(jīng),,16、臂后外側面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,肱三頭肌小圓肌大圓肌三角肌,,17、手掌,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際小魚際蚓狀肌骨間肌,,18、臂前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng),,19、前臂前區(qū)右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,尺動脈橈動脈骨間前動脈骨間總動脈,,20、手掌橫斷面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際間隙掌中間隙外側格內(nèi)側格,,

簡介：1、足背,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,隱神經(jīng)腓腸神經(jīng)腓淺神經(jīng)腓深神經(jīng),2、頸部的肌右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,二腹肌胸鎖乳突肌胸骨舌骨肌前斜角肌,,3、頸部神經(jīng)左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)膈神經(jīng),,4、頸叢,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,枕小神經(jīng)耳大神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng),,5、頸部的分區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,下頜下三角肌三角頸動脈三角枕三角,

簡介：2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,1,第四次課腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,學習要點腋窩的構成腋窩內(nèi)容物三邊孔、四邊孔,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,2,位置構成一頂、一底、四壁,,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,3,頂鎖骨中1/3段、第一肋外緣、肩胛骨上緣；底皮膚、淺筋膜、腋筋膜；前壁胸大肌、胸小肌、鎖骨下肌、鎖胸筋膜；后壁背闊肌、大圓肌、肩胛下肌和肩胛骨；內(nèi)側壁前鋸肌、上4位肋骨及肋間隙；外側壁喙肱肌、肱二頭肌長短頭和肱骨結節(jié)間溝。,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,4,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,5,三邊孔和四邊孔TRILATERALANDQUADRILATERALFORAMINA,境界上界小圓肌、肩胛下肌下界大圓肌、背闊肌三邊孔的外側界、四邊孔的內(nèi)側界肱三頭肌長頭四邊孔的外側界肱骨外科頸內(nèi)容三邊孔旋肩胛血管四邊孔腋神經(jīng)、旋肱后血管,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,6,,,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,7,,內(nèi)容臂叢鎖骨下部及其分支腋動脈及其分支腋靜脈及其屬支腋淋巴結,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,8,臂叢BRACHIALPLEXUS,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,9,臂叢BRACHIALPLEXUS外側束胸外側神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng)外側根,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,10,內(nèi)側束正中神經(jīng)內(nèi)側根胸內(nèi)側神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)臂內(nèi)側皮神經(jīng)前臂內(nèi)側皮神經(jīng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,11,后束橈神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)胸背神經(jīng)肩胛下神經(jīng),腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,12,腋動脈AXILLARYARTERY第一段胸上動脈第二段胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈第三段肩胛下動脈◆胸背動脈◆旋肩胛動脈旋肱前、后動脈,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,13,腋靜脈AXILLARYVEIN位于腋動脈的內(nèi)側二者之間有臂叢內(nèi)側束、胸內(nèi)側神經(jīng)、尺神經(jīng)、前臂內(nèi)側皮神經(jīng)內(nèi)側有臂內(nèi)側皮神經(jīng),腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,14,腋淋巴結AXILLARYLYMPHNODES外側淋巴結胸肌淋巴結肩胛下淋巴結中央淋巴結尖淋巴結,腋窩AXILLARYFOSSA,

簡介：PARTSANDREGIONSOFTHETHORAX,境界上界頸靜脈切跡、胸鎖關節(jié)、鎖骨上緣、肩峰至第7頸椎棘突的連線下界劍胸結合、肋弓、第11肋前端、第12肋下緣至第十二胸椎棘突的連線兩側上部以三角肌前、后緣與上肢分界分區(qū)胸壁和胸腔,,,LANDMARKSOFTHORAX,頸靜脈切跡為胸骨柄上緣的凹陷，成年男性平對T2，女性平T3胸骨角兩側連第2肋軟骨，是計數(shù)肋的標志胸骨角平面標志主動脈弓起止氣管杈左主支氣管與食管相交處第4胸椎下緣劍突平對T9,,★LANDMARKSOFTHORAX,鎖骨鎖骨全長均可觸及，其中、外1/3交界處下方有一凹陷稱鎖骨下窩。窩的深處有腋動、靜脈和臂叢通過，此窩稍外側、鎖骨下一橫指處，可摸到肩胛骨喙突肋和肋間隙平胸骨角可摸到第2肋肋弓肋弓是肝、脾觸診的標志。肋弓的最低部位是第10肋，此處平對第2、3腰椎之間胸骨下角兩側肋弓和劍胸結合共同圍成胸骨下角。肋弓與劍突之間的角為劍肋角，左劍肋角是心包穿刺的常用進針部位之一乳頭男性乳頭位于鎖骨中線與第4肋間隙相交處，女性乳頭位置變化較大,LINESOFORIENTATION胸部標志線,,,,ANTERIORMEDIANLINE前正中線,,STERNALLINE胸骨線,,MIDCLAVICULARLINE鎖骨中線,,PARASTERNALLINE胸骨旁線,LINESOFORIENTATION胸部標志線,,,ANTERIORAXILLARYLINE腋前線,,MIDAXILLARYLINE腋中線,,POSTERIORAXILLARYLINE腋后線,POSTERIORMEDIANLINE后正中線,,,SCAPULARLINE肩胛線,THORACICWALL胸壁,SUPERFICIALSTRUCTURES皮膚淺筋膜淺血管胸廓內(nèi)動脈、肋間后動脈和腋動脈的分支胸腹壁靜→脈胸外側靜脈CUTANEOUSNN皮神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng)肋間神經(jīng)前皮支和外側皮支T2－胸骨角平面T4－乳頭平面T6－劍突平面T8－肋弓平面T10－臍平面T12－髂前上棘平面,MAMMA乳房,位置成年女性乳房位于胸肌筋膜前面,胸骨旁線與腋中線之間，平第2～6肋高度乳房后隙位于乳房與胸肌筋膜之間內(nèi)有疏松結締組織和淋巴管,MAMMA乳房,★形態(tài)結構乳房由皮膚、乳腺和脂肪等構成乳腺被結締組織分隔為15～20個乳腺葉，每一乳腺葉有一輸乳管，以乳頭為中心，呈放射狀排列，末端開口于乳頭乳腺膿腫切開引流時，宜作放射狀切口，以免切斷輸乳管乳腺周圍的結締組織發(fā)出許多纖維束，一端連于皮膚和淺筋膜淺層，一端連于淺筋膜的深層，稱乳房懸韌帶或COOPER韌帶,BREASTCANCER,★LYMPHATICDRAINAGEOFBREAST,乳房外側部和中央部的淋巴管注入胸肌淋巴結乳房上部的淋巴管注入尖淋巴結和鎖骨上淋巴結乳房內(nèi)側部淋巴管注入胸骨旁淋巴結乳房深部的淋巴管注入胸肌間淋巴結內(nèi)側部的淺淋巴管與對側乳房的淋巴管相交通乳房內(nèi)下部的淋巴管通過腹壁和膈下的淋巴管與肝淋巴管交通,PULMONARYMETASTASIS,THORACICWALL胸壁,DEEPSTRUCTURES深筋膜淺層較薄，覆蓋于胸大肌表面深層鎖胸筋膜位于喙突、鎖骨下肌和胸小肌上緣之間穿過結構胸肩峰動脈、胸外側神經(jīng)和頭靜脈,THORACICWALL胸壁,DEEPSTRUCTURESMUSCLESOFTHORAXPECTORALISMAJOR胸大肌PECTORALISMINOR胸小肌SUBCLAVIUS肩胛下肌SERRATUSANTERIOR前鋸肌INTERCOSTALESEXTERNI肋間外肌INTERCOSTALESINTERNI肋間內(nèi)肌INTERCOSTALESINTIMI肋間最內(nèi)肌ENDOTHORACICFASCIA胸內(nèi)筋膜ATHINLAYEROFCONNECTIVETISSUESEPARATESTHEPARIETALPLEURAFROMTHETHORACICWALL,THORACICWALL胸壁,PECTORALISMAJOR胸大肌SUBCLEVIUS鎖骨下肌PECTORALISMINOR胸小肌SERRATUSANTERIOR前鋸肌,,,,,★INTERCOSTALSPACE肋間隙,INTERCOSTALMUSCLESINTERCOSTALESEXTERNI肋間外肌肌纖維斜向前下在肋骨前端處向前續(xù)為肋間外膜功能提肋助吸氣INTERCOSTALESINTERNI肋間內(nèi)肌肌纖維斜向前上至肋角處向后續(xù)為肋間內(nèi)膜功能降肋助呼氣INTERCOSTALESINTIMI肋間最內(nèi)肌位于肋間隙的中份肌纖維方向與肋間內(nèi)肌相同，二肌間有肋間血管神經(jīng)通過INTERCOSTALVESSELSANDNERVES行于肋間內(nèi)肌和肋間最內(nèi)肌之間,★INTERCOSTALSPACE肋間隙,POSTERIORINTERCOSTALARTERIES肋間后動脈共9對，起自胸主動脈，與同名靜脈和肋間神經(jīng)伴行，行于第3～11肋間隙內(nèi)在肋角附近，肋間后動脈發(fā)出一較小的下支沿下位肋骨上緣前行，本干又稱上支，沿肋溝前行肋間后動脈的上、下支于肋間隙前部與胸廓內(nèi)動脈的肋間前支吻合INTERCOSTALNERVES肋間神經(jīng)共11對，來自第1～11胸神經(jīng)前支，近腋前線處發(fā)出外側皮支第2肋間神經(jīng)外側皮支的后支較粗大，橫跨腋窩，分布于臂內(nèi)側皮膚，稱肋間臂神經(jīng)，乳腺癌根治術應注意保護。下5對和肋下神經(jīng)自胸壁進入腹壁INTERCOSTALLYMPHNODES肋間淋巴結位于肋間隙，后組較恒定，位于肋角內(nèi)側，輸出管注入胸導管,★INTERCOSTALSPACE肋間隙,肋間后動、靜脈和肋間神經(jīng)從脊柱至肋角之間的走行不恒定在肋角和腋中線之間三者的排列順序自上而下為靜脈、動脈、神經(jīng)，行于肋溝內(nèi)胸膜腔穿刺肩胛線或腋后線第7、8肋間隙中部,INTERCOSTALSPACE肋間隙,,POSTERIORINTERCOSTALV,,POSTERIORINTERCOSTALA,,INTERCOSTALN,TECHNIQUEFORTHOROACOCENTESISINMIDAXILLARYLINE,INTERCOSTALNERVEBLOCK,,INTERNALTHORACICVESSELS胸廓內(nèi)血管,INTERNALTHORACICA胸廓內(nèi)動脈沿胸骨側緣外側約125CM下行，發(fā)出心包膈動脈，與膈神經(jīng)伴行，分布于心包和膈。胸廓內(nèi)動脈的肋間前支分布于肋間隙前部，并與肋間后動脈吻合至第6肋間隙分為腹壁上動脈和肌膈動脈INTERNALTHORACICV胸廓內(nèi)靜脈ACCOMPANYWITHARTERIES,INTERNALTHORACICVESSELS,PARASTERNALLN胸骨旁淋巴結沿胸廓內(nèi)血管排列，引流胸前壁、乳房內(nèi)側部、膈和肝上面的淋巴，輸出管參與合成支氣管縱隔干,ENDOTHORACICFASCIA胸內(nèi)筋膜,致密的結締組織膜，襯于胸廓內(nèi)面與壁胸膜之間有疏松結締組織，脊柱兩側較發(fā)達，易于分離胸內(nèi)筋膜向上覆蓋于胸膜頂上部并增厚，稱胸膜上膜即SIBSON膜，對胸膜頂有固定和保護作用向下覆蓋于膈的上面，為膈上筋膜,DIAPHRAGM膈,SHAPEANDPOSITION位于胸腔與腹腔之間,呈穹窿狀,包括周圍的肌纖維和中心的中心腱ORIGINSTERNALPART胸骨部COSTALPART肋部LUMBARPART腰部INSERTION中心腱WEAKAREASLUMBOCOSTALTRIANGLE腰肋三角STERNOCOSTALTRIANGLE胸肋三角,T12,DIAPHRAGM膈,OPENINGSINTHEDIAPHRAGMAORTICHIATUS主動脈裂孔在第12胸椎前方,左右兩個膈角與脊柱之間,有主動脈和胸導管通過ESOPHAGEALHIATUS食管裂孔約在第10胸椎水平,有食管和迷走神經(jīng)經(jīng)過VENACAVAFORAMEN腔靜脈孔在食管裂孔右上方的中心腱內(nèi),約在第8胸椎水平,有下腔靜脈通過,T8,T10,★THEPLEURA胸膜,VISCERALPLEURA臟胸膜ADHERESTOLUNGCONTINUOUSWITHPARIETALATROOTOFLUNGPARIETALPLEURA壁胸膜LINESTHORACICCAVITYNAMEDPARTSCUPULAOFPLEURA胸膜頂高出鎖骨內(nèi)側1/3段上方2～3CMCOSTALPLEURA肋胸膜MEDIASTINALPLEURA縱隔胸膜DIAPHRAGMATICPLEURA膈胸膜,★THEPLEURA胸膜,PLEURALCAVITY胸膜腔臟、壁胸膜在肺根處相互延續(xù),形成的潛在性間隙，左、右各一含少量漿液內(nèi)為負壓,THEPLEURA胸膜,★PLEURARECESSES胸膜隱窩COSTODIAPHRAGMATICRECESSE肋膈隱窩肋胸膜與膈胸膜轉折形成，呈半環(huán)形，是胸膜腔的最低點，胸膜腔積液首先積聚于此COSTOMEDIASTINALRECESS肋縱隔隱窩肋胸膜與縱隔胸膜前緣轉折處形成，由于左肺前緣有心切跡，左側較明顯,THEPLEURA胸膜,胸膜前界起自胸膜頂，向內(nèi)下經(jīng)胸鎖關節(jié)后方，至第2胸肋關節(jié)高度兩側靠攏，沿中線稍偏外側垂直向下左側達第4胸肋關節(jié)高度斜向外下，在胸骨側緣外20～25CM下行，至第6肋軟骨中點處移行為下界右側至第6胸肋關節(jié)高度移行為下界TWOTRIANGLES胸腺區(qū)內(nèi)有胸腺心包區(qū)內(nèi)有心包和心,THEPLEURA胸膜,★胸膜下界右側起自第6胸肋關節(jié)后方，左側起自第6肋軟骨中點，斜向外下。在鎖骨中線、腋中線和肩胛線分別與第8、10和11肋相交，在后正中線平第12胸椎棘突右側胸膜下界稍高于左側,THELUNGS肺,位置位于胸腔內(nèi)，縱隔兩側，借肺根和肺韌帶與縱隔相連分部肺尖高出鎖骨內(nèi)側1/3上方2～3CM肺底三面肋面膈面縱隔面肺下界體表投影在鎖骨中線、腋中線和肩胛線分別與第6、8和10肋相交，在后正中線兩側平第10胸椎棘突,THELUNGS肺,★HILUMOFLUNG肺門位于肺縱隔面的中部有主支氣管，肺動、靜脈，支氣管動、靜脈，淋巴管和神經(jīng)出入★ROOTOFLUNG肺根為出入肺門的各結構被胸膜包繞而構成。肺根主要結構的排列從前向后肺靜脈、肺動脈、支氣管（VAB）自上而下左肺根左肺動脈、左主支氣管、左肺靜脈（ABV）右肺根右肺上葉支氣管、右肺動脈、右肺中下葉支氣管、右肺靜脈（BABV）BRONCHOPULMONARYLYMPHNODES支氣管肺淋巴結位于肺門處，也稱肺門淋巴結,THELUNGS肺,★RELATIONSOFROOTSOFLUNG肺根的毗鄰前膈神經(jīng)和心包膈血管后為迷走神經(jīng)下肺韌帶上左肺根上方有主動脈弓；右肺根后上方為奇靜脈弓,SURFACEMARKINGSOFLOWERBORDEROFTHELUNGANDPLEURA,THORACENTESIS,,,,,,,BRONCHOPULMONARYSEGMENTS支氣管肺段,每一肺段支氣管及其所屬的肺組織稱支氣管肺段，簡稱肺段肺段呈錐形，尖向肺門，底向肺表面肺段內(nèi)有肺段支氣管、肺段動脈及支氣管血管伴行肺段間有少量結締組織和段間靜脈，是肺段切除的標志右肺有10個肺段，左肺為8～10個肺段,BRONCHOPULMONARYSEGMENTS支氣管肺段,★THEMEDIASTINUM縱隔,概念左、右縱隔胸膜之間的器官和結締組織的總稱境界前胸骨后脊柱兩側縱隔胸膜上胸廓上口下膈,★THEMEDIASTINUM縱隔,分區(qū)上縱隔下縱隔前縱隔中縱隔后縱隔,LEFTSIDEOFMEDIASTNUM縱隔左側面,,,,ROOTOFLUNG肺根,,PERICARDIUM心包,,,PHRENICN膈神經(jīng),,LEFTVAGUSN左迷走神經(jīng),,LEFTRECURRENTN左喉返神經(jīng),,THORACICAORTA胸主動脈,,SYMPATHETICTRUNK交感干,,GREATERSPLANCHNICN內(nèi)臟大神經(jīng),,AORTICARCH主動脈弓,,THORACICDUCT胸導管,,LEFTSUBCLAVIANA左鎖骨下動脈,,,,ESOPHAGUS食管,PERICARDIACOPHRENICA心包膈血管,RIGHTSIDEOFMEDIASTNUM縱隔右側面,,,,ROOTOFLUNG肺根,,PERICARDIUM心包,,SUPERIORVENACAVA上腔靜脈,,,PHRENICN膈神經(jīng),,RIGHTVAGUSN右迷走神經(jīng),,AZYGOSV奇靜脈,,SYMPATHETICTRUNK交感干,,ESOPHAGUS食管,,ARCHOFAZYGOSV奇靜脈弓,,TRACHEA氣管,,INFERIORVENACAVA下腔靜脈,PERICARDIACOPHRENICAV心包膈動、靜脈,★SUPERIORMEDIASTINUM上縱隔,前層胸腺頭臂靜脈上腔靜脈中層主動脈弓及其分支膈神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)后層氣管食管胸導管,★RELATIONSOFAORTICARCH主動脈弓的毗鄰,左前方胸膜肺膈神經(jīng)和心包膈血管左迷走神經(jīng)右后方氣管食管左喉返神經(jīng)胸導管和心深叢,★RELATIONSOFAORTICARCH主動脈弓的毗鄰,上方主動脈弓的3大分支左頭臂靜脈胸腺下方肺動脈動脈韌帶左喉返神經(jīng)左主支氣管和心淺叢,ARTERIALLIGAMENT動脈韌帶,ARTERIALLIGAMENT動脈韌帶為一纖維結締組織索，長05～23CM連于主動脈弓下緣與左肺動脈起始部TRIANGLEOFDUCTUSARTERIOSUS動脈導管三角圍成左膈神經(jīng)、左迷走神經(jīng)、左肺動脈內(nèi)容動脈韌帶左喉返神經(jīng)和心淺叢,,,THORACICPARTOFTRACHEA氣管胸部,位置上縱隔中央上端平胸骨頸靜脈切跡與氣管頸部相續(xù)下端平胸骨角分為左、右主支氣管BIFURCATIONOFTRACHEA氣管杈CARINAOFTRACHEA氣管隆嵴RIDGEOFCARTILAGEATBIFURCATION,,THORACICPARTOFTRACHEA氣管胸部,毗鄰前方胸骨柄、胸腺、左頭臂靜脈、主動脈弓、頭臂干、左頸總動脈和心深叢后方食管左后方左喉返神經(jīng)左側左迷走神經(jīng)和鎖骨下動脈右側奇靜脈弓和右迷走神經(jīng)右前右頭臂靜脈和上腔靜脈,BRONCHI支氣管,LEFTPRINCIPALBRONCHUS左主支氣管細、長、傾斜其下緣與氣管中線的夾角為375°RIGHTPRINCIPALBRONCHUS右主支氣管粗、短、陡直其下緣與氣管中線的夾角為23°,,INFERIORMEDIASTINUM下縱隔,ANTERIORMEDIASTINUM前縱隔位置胸骨體與心包前壁之間的窄隙內(nèi)容胸腺（或胸腺剩件）下部縱隔前淋巴結疏松結締組織,INFERIORMEDIASTINUM下縱隔,MIDDLEMEDIASTINUM中縱隔位置為心包前、后壁之間的區(qū)域內(nèi)容心包、心出入心的大血管根部膈神經(jīng)和心包膈血管等,★PERICARDIUM心包,FIBROUSPERICARDIUM纖維心包ATTACHEDTOCENTRALTENDONOFDIAPHRAGMINFERIORLYBLENDSWITHOUTERCOATOFGREATVESSELSSUPERIORLYSEROUSPERICARDIUM漿膜心包VISCERALLAYEREPICARDIUM臟層PARIETALLAYER壁層PERICARDIALCAVITY心包腔臟、壁二層在大血管根部互相轉折圍成的狹窄而密閉的腔隙腔內(nèi)含少量漿液,★PERICARDIUM心包,PERICARDIUMSINUS心包竇心包的臟、壁兩層反折處的間隙TRANSVERSESINUSOFPERICARDIUM心包橫竇位于升主動脈、肺動脈與上腔靜脈、左心房前壁之間的間隙OBLIQUESINUSOFPERICARDIUM心包斜竇位于左、右肺靜脈、下腔靜脈、左心房后壁和心包后壁之間的間隙ANTERIORINFERIORSINUSOFPERICARDIUM心包前下竇位于心包前壁與下壁反折處的間隙,,,PERICARDIUM心包,毗鄰前方隔胸膜和肺與胸骨和第2～6肋軟骨相對，在心包區(qū)直接與胸骨下半部和左側第4～6肋軟骨相鄰，常在左劍肋角做心包穿刺后方主支氣管、食管、胸主動脈、奇靜脈和半奇靜脈兩側縱隔胸膜，膈神經(jīng)和心包膈血管下行于心包與縱隔胸膜之間上方上腔靜脈、主動脈弓和肺動脈心包壁與膈中心腱愈著,SURFACEMARKINGSOFHEART,左上點左第2肋軟骨下緣，距胸骨側緣約12CM處右上點右第3肋軟骨下緣距胸骨側緣LCM處左下點第5肋間隙距前正中線7～9CM右下點右第6胸肋關節(jié)處,,,,,,INFERIORMEDIASTINUM下縱隔,POSTERIORMEDIASTINUM后縱隔位置心包后壁與下部胸椎之間、胸骨角平面以下、膈以上內(nèi)容食管迷走神經(jīng)胸主動脈奇靜脈、半奇靜脈、副半奇靜脈胸導管交感干胸部縱隔后淋巴結,,,,THORACICPARTOFESOPHAGUS食管胸部,位置位于上縱隔后部和后縱隔向上經(jīng)胸廓上口與食管頸部相接向下穿膈的食管裂孔續(xù)為食管腹部★毗鄰前方氣管氣管杈左主支氣管左喉返神經(jīng)右肺動脈迷走神經(jīng)的食管前叢心包左心房膈,THORACICPARTOFESOPHAGUS食管胸部,★毗鄰后方迷走神經(jīng)的食管后叢胸主動脈胸導管奇靜脈、半奇靜脈、副半奇靜脈右肋間后動脈,THORACICPARTOFESOPHAGUS食管胸部,★毗鄰左側左頸總動脈左鎖骨下動脈、主動脈弓、胸主動脈、胸導管上段右側奇靜脈弓、縱隔胸膜,THORACICPARTOFESOPHAGUS食管胸部,動脈食管胸上段來自肋間后動脈和支氣管動脈的食管支食管胸下段來自胸主動脈發(fā)出的食管動脈靜脈食管靜脈注入奇靜脈、半奇靜脈和副半奇靜脈淋巴食管胸上段的淋巴管注入氣管支氣管淋巴結食管胸下段的淋巴管匯入縱隔后淋巴結和胃左淋巴結食管胸部部分淋巴管直接注入胸導管神經(jīng)喉返神經(jīng)、迷走神經(jīng)、交感干,THORACICAORTA胸主動脈,行程平第4胸椎下緣續(xù)于主動脈弓沿脊柱和食管的左側下行，逐漸轉至脊柱的前方和食管的后方平第12胸椎穿膈的主動脈裂孔而移行為腹主動脈,THORACICAORTA胸主動脈,毗鄰前方左肺根、心包和食管后方半奇靜脈和副半奇靜脈左側左縱隔胸膜右側奇靜脈、胸導管,AZYGOSVEIN奇靜脈,奇靜脈起自右腰升靜脈在食管后方沿胸主動脈右側上行，至第4胸椎高度呈弓形彎曲繞右肺根，注入上腔靜脈收集右肋間后靜脈、食管靜脈、支氣管靜脈和半奇靜脈的血液奇靜脈是溝通上、下腔靜脈的重要通道半奇靜脈起自左腰升靜脈，沿胸椎左側上行，在T8高度向右越過脊柱注入奇靜脈收集左側下部肋間后靜脈、食管靜脈和副半奇靜脈副半奇靜脈沿胸椎體左側下行，匯入半奇靜脈或奇靜脈收集左側上部肋間后靜脈,THORACICDUCT胸導管,★行程平T12下緣起自乳糜池經(jīng)膈主動脈裂孔入胸腔后縱隔在胸主動脈和奇靜脈之間上行至第5胸椎高度經(jīng)食管與脊柱之間向左斜行經(jīng)食管與左縱隔胸膜之間上行至頸部,THORACICDUCT胸導管,毗鄰胸導管上段與左縱隔胸膜相鄰，當胸導管上段損傷合并左胸膜腔破損，淋巴液流入胸膜腔可引起左側乳糜胸，下段與右縱隔胸膜相鄰，下段損傷常引起右側乳糜胸,THORACICSYMPATHETICTRUNK胸交感干,位于脊柱兩側，奇靜脈和半奇靜脈的后外方，肋頭和肋間血管的前方借白交通支和灰交通支魚類間神經(jīng)相連每側胸交感干有10～12個交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)上5對胸神經(jīng)節(jié)發(fā)出的節(jié)后纖維參與構成心叢、肺叢和食管叢穿過第6～9胸交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)的節(jié)前纖維組成內(nèi)臟大神經(jīng)，穿膈至腹腔終于腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)穿過第10～12胸交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)的節(jié)前纖維組成內(nèi)臟小神經(jīng)，穿膈終于主動脈腎節(jié),VAGUSNERVES迷走神經(jīng),左迷走神經(jīng)在左頸總動脈和左鎖骨下動脈之間入胸腔，迷走神經(jīng)繼續(xù)向下越過主動脈弓的左前方，在主動脈弓前下方發(fā)出左喉返神經(jīng)至左肺根后方，發(fā)出若干細支加入肺叢繼而下行至食管前面分散形成食管前叢至食管下端匯合成迷走神經(jīng)前干，經(jīng)食管食管裂孔入腹腔右迷走神經(jīng)在右頭臂靜脈和右鎖骨下動脈之間入胸腔沿氣管右側下行至肺根后方，發(fā)出分支組成肺叢，心支加入心深叢下行至食管后方分散形成食管后叢在叢的下端匯集成迷走神經(jīng)后干，經(jīng)食管裂孔入腹腔,MEDIASTINALSPACES縱隔間隙,RETROSTERNALSPACE胸骨后間隙位于胸骨與胸內(nèi)筋膜之間該間隙的炎癥可向膈蔓延，甚至穿過膈擴散至腹PRETRACHEALSPACE氣管前間隙位于上縱隔內(nèi)，氣管、氣管杈與主動脈弓之間向上與頸部的氣管前間隙相通RETROESOPHAGUSSPACE食管后間隙位于食管與胸內(nèi)筋膜之間，內(nèi)含奇靜脈、副半奇靜脈和胸導管等結構該間隙向上通咽后間隙，向下可經(jīng)膈的裂隙與腹膜后隙相通,

簡介：2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,1,,第三次課頸根部主要目內(nèi)容1、甲狀腺（位置、形態(tài)、血供、神經(jīng)支配、毗鄰、層次）2、斜角肌間隙3、椎動脈三角,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,2,境界與分區(qū),頸部分為固有頸部和項部,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,3,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,4,位于頸前正中線、胸鎖乳突肌前緣和肩胛舌骨肌上腹之間。淺面皮膚、淺筋膜、頸闊肌、頸前靜脈、皮神經(jīng)、封套筋膜深面椎前筋膜內(nèi)容胸骨舌骨肌、肩胛舌骨肌上腹、胸骨甲狀肌、甲狀舌骨肌、甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺、氣管頸部和食管頸部等。,肌三角,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,5,（1）甲狀腺1）形態(tài)與被膜“H”形，假被膜，真被膜，囊鞘間隙2）位置與毗鄰前面皮膚、淺筋膜、封套筋膜、舌骨下肌群、氣管前筋膜側葉后面頸動脈鞘、頸交感干、喉與氣管、咽與食管、喉返神經(jīng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,6,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,7,3）甲狀腺的動脈與喉的神經(jīng),①在甲狀腺次全切除術結扎甲狀腺上動脈時，應緊貼甲狀腺上極進行，以免損傷喉上神經(jīng)外支而影響發(fā)音；結扎甲狀腺下動脈時，應遠離甲狀腺下端，以免損傷喉返神經(jīng)而致聲音嘶啞。②左喉返神經(jīng)行程較長，位置深，多在甲狀腺下動脈后方與其交叉。右喉返神經(jīng)行程較短，位置淺，多在甲狀腺下動脈前方與其交叉。,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,8,甲狀腺上靜脈,,甲狀腺中靜脈,,甲狀腺下靜脈,,,甲狀旁腺,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,9,頸根部,境界前界為胸骨柄，后界為第1胸椎體，兩側為第1肋。（斜角肌間隙）中心標志是前斜角肌。內(nèi)容胸膜頂、鎖骨下動脈、胸導管與右淋巴導管、鎖骨下靜脈、迷走神經(jīng)、膈神經(jīng)、椎動脈三角。,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,10,切開胸鎖關節(jié)，斷開鎖骨；1胸膜頂胸膜頂覆蓋肺尖部的壁胸膜，突入頸根部，高出鎖骨內(nèi)側1/3上緣23CM。,頸根部,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,11,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,12,2鎖骨下動脈于第1肋外側緣續(xù)于腋動脈，被前斜角肌分為3段。左側起自主動脈弓，右側起自頭臂干。第一段椎動脈、甲狀頸干、胸廓內(nèi)動脈；第二段位于前斜角肌后方，上鄰臂叢各干，下跨胸膜頂；第三段位于前斜角肌外側，第1肋上面，前下鄰鎖骨下靜脈，外上鄰臂叢。,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,13,,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,14,3胸導管與右淋巴導管4鎖骨下靜脈5迷走神經(jīng)6膈神經(jīng),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,15,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,16,7椎動脈三角內(nèi)側界頸長肌外側界前斜角肌下界鎖骨下動脈第一段后壁第7頸椎橫突,第8頸神經(jīng)前支和第1肋頸尖第6頸椎橫突結節(jié)內(nèi)容椎動、靜脈、甲狀頸干、甲狀腺下動脈、頸交感干、胸膜頂、星狀神經(jīng)節(jié),2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,17,,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,18,,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,19,,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,20,頸交感干CERVICALPARTOFSYMPATHETICTRUNK,2024/3/30,溫州醫(yī)學院解剖教研室,22,甲狀腺手術入路經(jīng)過哪些層次甲狀腺手術要結扎哪些血管這些血管的局部位置在哪里需要注意哪些神經(jīng)這些神經(jīng)的局部位置在哪里氣管切開手術入路經(jīng)過哪些層次從氣管的局部位置與形態(tài)特征上思考一下，如切開氣管時應注意些什么問題椎動脈三角的境界及內(nèi)容物,復習思考題,

簡介：局部解剖標本實物圖片考試,考試說明本試題共有20張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留60秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)按提示寫出每張圖片所指出的結構名稱。人體解剖教研室,例如腋窩的動脈（右側）,,,,胸上動脈胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈胸背動脈,答案胸外側動脈,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,,,,,,,,,,,1、胸腔（左側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,膈神經(jīng)心淺叢喉返神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng),,2、頸部的肌右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,二腹肌胸鎖乳突肌胸骨舌骨肌前斜角肌,,3、頸部神經(jīng)左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)膈神經(jīng),,4、頸叢,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,枕小神經(jīng)耳大神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng),,5、頸部的分區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,下頜下三角肌三角頸動脈三角枕三角,6、頸部中層,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,舌咽神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)喉上神經(jīng),,7、胸壁（右側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸大肌胸小肌前鋸肌鎖骨下肌,,8、腹后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,輸尿管輸精管睪丸動脈腸系膜上動脈,,9、胸后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸導管奇靜脈副奇靜脈胸交感干,,10、腹壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,腹直肌腹外斜肌腹內(nèi)斜肌腹橫肌,,11、腹腔血管胃已翻起,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胃左動脈胃右動脈胃網(wǎng)膜左動脈胃網(wǎng)膜右動脈,,12、下肢前面肌左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,股四頭肌股薄肌縫匠肌長收肌,,13、小腿前面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脛前動脈腓動脈骨間前動脈膝下動脈,,14、股前內(nèi)側區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,股神經(jīng)坐骨神經(jīng)閉孔神經(jīng)隱神經(jīng),,15、小腿后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,坐骨神經(jīng)腓總神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)腓腸神經(jīng),,16、臂后外側面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,岡上肌岡下肌大圓肌三角肌,,17、手掌,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際小魚際蚓狀肌骨間肌,,18、臂前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng),,19、前臂前區(qū)右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,尺動脈橈動脈骨間前動脈骨間總動脈,,20、手掌橫斷面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際間隙掌中間隙外側格內(nèi)側格,,

簡介：麻醉解剖標本實物圖片考試,考試說明本試題共有20張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留60秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)按提示寫出每張圖片所指出的結構名稱。人體解剖教研室,例如腋窩的動脈（右側）,,胸上動脈胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈胸背動脈,答案胸外側動脈,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,,,,,,,,,,1、胸腔（右側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,奇靜脈胸交感干迷走神經(jīng)胸導管,2、胃的血管,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胃左動脈胃右動脈肝總動脈脾動脈,3、腹腔血管,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,腹腔干腸系膜上動脈門靜脈腸系膜下動脈,,4、結腸上區(qū)臟器,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,肝胃韌帶肝十二指腸韌帶橫結腸韌帶大網(wǎng)膜,5、背部,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,斜方肌菱形肌背闊肌豎脊肌,6、小腿前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,伸肌上支持帶伸肌下支持帶距腓前韌帶距腓后韌帶,7、小腿后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,坐骨神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)腓總神經(jīng)腓腸神經(jīng),,8、股前內(nèi)側區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,肌腔隙血管腔隙股管收肌腱板,,9、下肢前淺血管,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,腹壁淺靜脈旋髂淺靜脈股外側淺靜脈陰部外靜脈,10、臂后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,肩胛下神經(jīng)骨間后神經(jīng)橈神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng),,11、臂前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,尺神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng)橈神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng),,12、前臂前區(qū)右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,橈動脈尺動脈骨間前動脈肱動脈,,13、掌淺弓,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,拇主要動脈指掌側總動脈小指尺掌側動脈小指橈掌側動脈,,14、頸部淺層右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,頸闊肌肩胛舌骨肌胸鎖乳突肌胸骨舌骨肌,,15、頸部分區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,肌三角頸動脈三角枕三角下頜下三角,16、頸部中層,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,舌下神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)頸交感干,,17、面淺層（左側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,頰肌咬肌下頜下腺腮腺,,18、面?zhèn)葴\區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,顳淺動脈上頜動脈枕動脈腦膜中動脈,,19頸外側,副神經(jīng)隔神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng)舌咽神經(jīng),,20臀部,坐骨神經(jīng)股后皮神經(jīng)臀下神經(jīng)陰部內(nèi)神經(jīng),,

簡介：局部解剖標本實物圖片考試,考試說明本試題共有20張圖片，每張圖片幻燈停留60秒，請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)按提示寫出每張圖片所指出的結構名稱。人體解剖教研室,例如腋窩的動脈（右側）,,,,胸上動脈胸肩峰動脈胸外側動脈胸背動脈,答案胸外側動脈,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,,,,,,,,,,,1、胸腔（左側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,膈神經(jīng)心淺叢喉返神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng),,2、頸部的肌右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,二腹肌胸鎖乳突肌胸骨舌骨肌前斜角肌,,3、頸部神經(jīng)左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)副神經(jīng)膈神經(jīng),,4、頸叢,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,枕小神經(jīng)耳大神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng),,5、頸部的分區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,下頜下三角肌三角頸動脈三角枕三角,6、頸部中層,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,舌咽神經(jīng)迷走神經(jīng)舌下神經(jīng)喉上神經(jīng),,7、胸壁（右側）,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸大肌胸小肌前鋸肌鎖骨下肌,,8、腹后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,輸尿管輸精管睪丸動脈腸系膜上動脈,,9、胸后壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胸導管奇靜脈副奇靜脈胸交感干,,10、腹壁,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,腹直肌腹外斜肌腹內(nèi)斜肌腹橫肌,,11、腹腔血管胃已翻起,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,胃左動脈胃右動脈胃網(wǎng)膜左動脈胃網(wǎng)膜右動脈,,12、下肢前面肌左側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,股四頭肌股薄肌縫匠肌長收肌,,13、小腿前面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,脛前動脈腓動脈骨間前動脈膝下動脈,,14、股前內(nèi)側區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,股神經(jīng)坐骨神經(jīng)閉孔神經(jīng)隱神經(jīng),,15、小腿后區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,,坐骨神經(jīng)腓總神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)腓腸神經(jīng),,16、臂后外側面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,岡上肌岡下肌大圓肌三角肌,,17、手掌,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際小魚際蚓狀肌骨間肌,,18、臂前區(qū),59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng),,19、前臂前區(qū)右側,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,尺動脈橈動脈骨間前動脈骨間總動脈,,20、手掌橫斷面,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,09,08,07,06,05,04,03,02,01,魚際間隙掌中間隙外側格內(nèi)側格,,