軌道交通車輛軸承故障診斷分析與研究.pdf

1、摘要近年來(lái)，我國(guó)高速鐵路發(fā)展迅速，隨著軌道交通車輛設(shè)備的復(fù)雜程度的提高，故障率也隨著上升，機(jī)車作為運(yùn)輸、載客的直接載體，其運(yùn)營(yíng)安全與否直接關(guān)系著生命、財(cái)產(chǎn)的安全。滾動(dòng)軸承是軌道交通車輛中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種通用機(jī)械部件，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)故障的產(chǎn)生大部分是由于軸承發(fā)生故障影響了軌道交通車輛的工作狀態(tài)，而一旦車輛發(fā)生故障，就會(huì)造成難以估量的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失甚至事故傷亡，因此，對(duì)軌道交通車輛運(yùn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)和軸承故障診斷的研究是必不可少的，所以，如何對(duì)軌道

2、交通車輛運(yùn)行故障進(jìn)行高效檢測(cè)、快速診斷、準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)是一個(gè)值得研究重要問(wèn)題。論文結(jié)合近期國(guó)內(nèi)外在軌道交通機(jī)械故障診斷上的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，分析了滾動(dòng)軸承故障可能的發(fā)生情況，總結(jié)出機(jī)車的故障發(fā)生原因、特征和頻率，根據(jù)得到的頻率特征和故障特性，首先對(duì)測(cè)量到的滾動(dòng)軸承振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行小波消噪處理，然后分別采用了小波包，BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等經(jīng)典的算法對(duì)軸承進(jìn)行了故障的分析和診斷：(1)對(duì)消除噪聲以后的信號(hào)進(jìn)行sym8小波包變換，分析小波包變換后的歸一化振動(dòng)信號(hào)，對(duì)軸

3、承振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行診斷，得到故障發(fā)生的頻段；(2)利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行故障分析和研究，并給出分析的程序和結(jié)果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，小波消噪能夠較好的消除噪聲，采用小波包分析，能夠提取滾動(dòng)軸承的故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)特征，結(jié)果表明采用的小波包的故障診斷和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障診斷和預(yù)測(cè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)機(jī)車重要部件滾動(dòng)軸承的智能診斷，保證了機(jī)車的運(yùn)營(yíng)安全，對(duì)軌道交通的快速運(yùn)行和發(fā)展具有良好的保障性和較好的實(shí)用性。關(guān)鍵詞：軌道交通車輛；故障診斷；小波變換；小波包；神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Abs

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11、ismethodalsoappliestobearingsandotherrotatingmachineryfaultdiagnosisToensurethesafetyoflocomotiveoperationrailtrafficonthefastrunninganddevelopmentofgoodprotectionandmoregoodpracticalityKeywords：RailTransitVehicles；Fault