畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯---日本鐵路信號系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)特點考索

1、<p>　　Technology Features Research of Japanese Railway Signal System</p><p>　　This paper begins with the developing history and technical classification of railway transportation, introduces the railw

2、ay control system used in Japan, analyzes its technology features respectively from the aspects of electronic, computer and communication technology, and at last proposes the technical developing direction of future trai

3、n control system.</p><p>　　1. Introduction </p><p>　　In the early days of railways, there was no signaling system. A station attendant showed the signal of go or stop by gestures. But people wo

4、uld make some mistakes which caused accidents.</p><p>　　Signaling system prevents the accidents efficiently. Early signal system in Japan was Automatic Traffic Stop (ATS) devices. This device could automatic

5、ally stop the train when it received the stop signal. Even if the driver ignored the alarm of the train-borne stop device, the device on the track could stop the train automatically.</p><p>　　ATS-P (Automati

6、c Train Stop Protection) was developed to raise efficiency. Using the responder to send a receive data signal, ATS-P system transmits information of the distance about the next stop to the train via the track, and then t

7、he system generates a train speed-checking pattern with these information.</p><p>　　ATC (Automatic Train Control) system is developed to resolve problems of ATS-P. In ATC system, safety operation procedure w

8、ill be activated to guarantee the safe performance of the train when the train operator made mistakes.</p><p>　　To meet the needs of the modern massive high-efficient transportation, new traffic control syst

9、ems are emerging such as ATACS (Advanced Train Administration Communication System), CBTC (Communication Based Train Control), etc. With the integration of railway signal and communication technology, track structure of

10、new pattern and additional train-borne functions.</p><p>　　This paper proposes the features of the current railway control system in Japan with the development history of the railway signal system as backgro

11、und, and then shows its key technology and developments in future. </p><p>　　2. Railway Signal Systems</p><p>　　The first railway transportation system began to operate in 1830 between Liverpool

12、 and Manchester. Signal system was introduced to improve safety and to cope with the increase of traffic volume.</p><p>　　In 1841, the signal technology was used at the two ends of the North Midland tunnel a

13、t the first time. The track circuit for the train detecting was invented in 1872.</p><p>　　The following will analyze typical railway signal system developed by Japan National Railways (JNR) and East Japan

14、 Railway. For these systems, the level is determined by fixed block or moving block system. Train position locating is taken by the track circuit or onboard train locating device. The information is transmitted through t

15、he track circuit or radio. </p><p>　　(ATS-S) system (Kera, 2000 is automatic train stop device which was introduced into JNR to prevent train collision. In a block section where a train is present, a track c

16、ircuit detects the train position information, and the control device turns the signal for the section to Red. This status indicates that no other train can go into this block section. All of the other trains must stop b

17、efore the section. Signals of other sections, into which a train can go, are Green or Yellow. Permitted spee</p><p>　　ATS-P improved to correct a weakness of ATS-S. By using digital information from a tran

18、sponder, ATS-P transmits information about signal aspects and the distance to the next stop signal from the trackside to the train and uses this information to generate the train speed checking pattern. Then the computer

19、 compares the actual speed and this pattern. If the actual speed exceeds the pattern speed, the braking system will start. Different from ATS-S, ATS-P won t require the driver verify. When the </p><p>　　D (D

20、ecentralized)-ATC is an intelligent on-board system. Every train calculates its appropriate permitted speed according to the stop position information from the ATC central logic system. In high traffic density brakin

21、g on time can be realized by pattern control. The cost of ground devices is reduced by using general information equipment and a decentralized system. The system contains the flexibility of be able to shorten the train h

22、eadway without changing ground equipment when rolling st</p><p>　　Along with information technology develops so rapidly, a new railway traffic control system appears. The system can make trains know its own

23、position information and the distance with others. The developing system is called ATACS (advanced train administer and communication system).ATACS is a new rail control system based on information technology and ADS t

24、echnology. </p><p>　　3、Technology Features of Japanese Railway Signal System</p><p>　　Decentralized Technology Feature </p><p>　　At first ATC was used for supporting the safety supe

25、rs-peed system of the Japanese Shinkansen, and then was introduced to traditional rail system to shorten the distance between trains. But it can’t work effectively because of the ATC technology limit. In this backgroun

26、d D-ATC (data decentralized ATC) based on ADS (autonomous and decentralized system) developed as the level 2 system. In D-ATC system every train is allowed to calculate its own speed. JR East developed a kind of Shinkans

27、en D-ATC</p><p>　　In the ATC system the speed signal is in the drivers cab, which received permitted speed information from the ground equipment continuously. ATC s central logic system transmits ATC signals

28、 to track circuit. ATC signals are about speed information, while they are used as train detection signals. The logic device can determine the section on which a train is present by monitoring the level of received ATC s

29、ignal power because the wheels of the train short the track circuits. To set the rack circu</p><p>　　Distance between trains is an important concept in railway transportation control. In this control met

30、hod the system recognizes the distance between two consecutive trains firstly. Then the system controls their speed to insure a safe distance. In order to realize this distance control, various new functions are requir

31、ed, such as positioning exactly, high speed communication between trains and ground devices.</p><p>　　The major difference between D-ATC and traditional ATC lies on that D-ATC is an intelligent on-board syst

32、em. Every train calculates its appropriate permitted speed according to the stop position information from the ATC central logic system. </p><p>　　Administer and Communication Technology Feature </p>

33、<p>　　There is one point to stop one train before it crashes the preceding train. That is just to control critical stop distance. And the key information is the exact train position and where the train should stop.

34、We know the ATC service purpose so that the basic functions of new ATC are clear. In another word equipment on the ground only transmits the train stop information, and then the train itself confirms its position and cal

35、culates the distance between it and the stop position. After that the t</p><p>　　Ideal distance control model consists of trains which know each others positions. The model realized because of wireless commu

36、nication technology development.</p><p>　　In railway an area is divided into several control areas, in which ground devices and radio base stations are set up. Ground devices in every control area have many

37、functions, such as train positioning, distance control, switching control, level crossing control and security for maintenance. Radio base stations and on-board equipment exchange information. As the appropriate interval

38、 between stations is determined according to the service area covered by radio transmissions, every base station is</p><p>　　The on-board computer controls brakes according to the control information from th

39、e ground devices, while it sends out the train position information to the ground equipment through on-board mobile radio base station. The first step of the control procedure is to determine the accurate train position

40、as measured by the on-board computer. When a train enters or gets out of the boundary of a section, its original position will be recorded. Then on-board computers detect the trains speed and deal w</p><p>　

41、　The position detected by the system is structured into the identification numbers of the ground controller in the relevant control area, the virtual blocks into which the control area is divided, and the position within

42、 the relevant track block, and these data are processed both by the wayside and on-board computer.</p><p>　　According to the transmitting distance restricts of radio signals, generally two base stations are

43、constructed three miles apart. Four different frequencies are used alternately to prevent two neighbor base stations signals from interfering. For on-board system operation the practically used frequency is the most prop

44、er one of all ground radio base station in every area. Every base station must connect with trains passing it. Generally we presume that the base station communicates each train in </p><p>　　4、Conclusion <

45、;/p><p>　　The results of the research shows that new train control systems will be developed by applying the latest information and control technology in place of the conventional signaling system applied for o

46、ver 100 years. The future autonomous train control systems will consist of an on-board system only, without a ground system, because of the application of the ADS technology. ADS technology information technology and com

47、munication technology is the key to realize the future train control system. </p><p>　　日本鐵路信號系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)特點考索</p><p>　　本文從鐵路運輸?shù)臍v史發(fā)展和技術(shù)的分類，介紹了日本的鐵路控制系統(tǒng)，分別從電子技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)分析其工藝特點等方面的研究進展，最后提出了技術(shù)開發(fā)未來方向的列車

48、控制系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　1、介紹</b></p><p>　　在鐵路的初期，沒有信號系統(tǒng)。車站值班員只能通過手勢來指揮列車的通過或停車，但是人們往往會犯一些錯誤而引起事故。</p><p>　　ATS-P(自動停車保護)信號系統(tǒng)有效地防止了事故。日本早期信號的系統(tǒng)自動停車(ATS)裝置，當這個設備收到停止信號時可以自動停止火車，

49、即使司機忽視了火車停止裝置報警時，這個設備也能令火車自動停車。</p><p>　　使用應答來發(fā)送接收數(shù)據(jù)信號，ATS-P系統(tǒng)通過軌道傳輸有關(guān)下一站距火車的距離信息，然后系統(tǒng)將這些信息生成火車的速度檢查模式。</p><p>　　ATC(列車自動控制)的開發(fā)目的是解決ATS-P的問題。在ATC系統(tǒng)中，當列車司機犯錯誤的時候安全作業(yè)程序?qū)硬⒈ＷC列車的安全行駛。</p>&l

50、t;p>　　為了適應現(xiàn)代化大規(guī)模高效率的交通運輸，新的交通控制系統(tǒng)的需求正在出現(xiàn)，如ATACS(先進列車管理和通信系統(tǒng))，CBTC(基于通信的列車控制)，隨著鐵路信號和通信技術(shù)的融合，軌道交通將出現(xiàn)新的控制方式。</p><p>　　本文提出了在日本現(xiàn)行鐵路控制系統(tǒng)的特點作為背景的鐵路信號系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史，并指出其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和未來發(fā)展。</p><p><b>　　2、鐵路信號

51、系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　1830年第一個鐵路運輸系統(tǒng)在利物浦和曼徹斯特之間開始運作。信號系統(tǒng)用于改善安全和應付交通量的增加。</p><p>　　下面將分析由日本國家鐵路(國鐵)和東日本鐵路發(fā)展的典型的鐵路信號系統(tǒng)。對于這些系統(tǒng)，大部分在固定閉塞或移動閉塞的系統(tǒng)階段，列車位置定位是由軌道電路或板載列車定位設備，這些信息的傳播途徑是軌道電路或無線通訊。</p>

52、;<p>　　(ATS- S)系統(tǒng)（列車自動停止裝置）2000被日本國鐵運用以防止列車相撞。在一個閉塞區(qū)間一列火車存在，軌道電路檢測到列車的位置信息，控制設備轉(zhuǎn)動這個區(qū)段的信號為紅色。此狀態(tài)表明沒有其他列車可以進入這個閉塞分區(qū)。其他區(qū)段的信號是綠色或黃色火車則可以進去，而時速限制是根據(jù)與紅色信號區(qū)段確定的距離。在信號狀態(tài)和列車位置之間有著重要的關(guān)系。該閉塞系統(tǒng)被用在ATS就是基于軌道電路和固定閉塞的信號設備。</p&

53、gt;<p>　　ATS- P改進了ATP-S錯誤的弱點。通過從一個應答器使用的數(shù)字信息，ATS- P來傳遞信息的信號方面和從下一個停車信號到列車的距離，并利用這些信息來生成列車速度檢查模式。然后，用電腦比較實際的速度和這種模式。如果實際速度超過該模式的速度，制動系統(tǒng)將啟動，不同于ATS- S，ATS- P不需要司機核實。當列車速度接近危險的模式，它將給司機報警，當列車速度達到它最大功率的危險模式時系統(tǒng)將自動剎車。<

54、/p><p>　　D(分散)-ATC(2005年)是國外的一個智能系統(tǒng)。允許毎列列車根據(jù)從ATC中央邏輯系統(tǒng)獲得的停車位置信息算出其適當?shù)乃俣?，在高交通流量時制動時間可以實現(xiàn)模式控制。</p><p>　　通過使用一般信息設備和一個分散式系統(tǒng)使地面設備的成本降低，這個系統(tǒng)包含的靈活性可以在縮短列車間隔的地面設備不改變時車輛性能得到改善，可操作性通過提高司機對線路的運用。</p>

55、<p>　　隨著信息技術(shù)如此迅速的發(fā)展，一個新的鐵路交通控制系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了。該系統(tǒng)可以使列車知道自己的位置信息和與他人的距離，這個新的系統(tǒng)叫做ATACS(先進的列車管理和通信系統(tǒng))。ATACS是一個基于信息技術(shù)和ADS技術(shù)的新的軌道控制系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　3、日本鐵路信號系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)特點</p><p><b>　　分散技術(shù)特點</b></p>

56、<p>　　起初ATC被用于支持日本新干線的安全高速運行，然后被運用于傳統(tǒng)的鐵路系統(tǒng)用于縮短行車間隔。但因為ATC技術(shù)的限制它不能有效工作，在此背景下基于ADS(自律分散系統(tǒng))D-ATC(自律分布數(shù)字化列車控制系統(tǒng))被發(fā)明了。在D-ATC每列車系統(tǒng)可以計算出自己的速度，東日本鐵路發(fā)明了一種采用了數(shù)據(jù)交流技術(shù)的新干線D-ATC，官方稱此D-ATC為 DS-ATC。這個系統(tǒng)用于Keihin-Tohoku線稱為D-ATC，而在日

57、本新干線則稱為DS-ATC。</p><p>　　在ATC系統(tǒng)中地面設備持續(xù)的將允許的速度信息提供并顯示在駕駛室內(nèi)。ATC中央邏輯系統(tǒng)傳遞ATC信號到軌道電路，ATC信號是關(guān)于速度的信息，因為車輪軌道電路短他們作為培養(yǎng)檢測信號這個邏輯器件可以確定軌面上一列火車的位置通過監(jiān)控水平對收到的ATC信號功率。設定界限和速度的軌道電路圖案是維系列車的進展,這是必要的火車交通管制。在ATC系統(tǒng)中央邏輯體系進行了大部分列車間隔

58、的控制，中央的邏輯系統(tǒng)對車載系統(tǒng)發(fā)出指令控制了制動系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　在鐵路運輸控制中列車間距是一個重要的理念。在這種控制模式下系統(tǒng)首先要不斷識別兩連續(xù)列車的間隔。然后系統(tǒng)控制他們的速度保證一個安全距離。為實現(xiàn)這種距離控制許多新功能是必要的。例如精確的定位裝置、列車與地面設備的高速交流。</p><p>　　D-ATC和傳統(tǒng)的ATC最大的區(qū)別在于D-ATC是一個聰明的車載系統(tǒng)。每列

59、列車依據(jù)ATC中央邏輯系統(tǒng)提供的停車位置計算它適當?shù)脑试S速度。</p><p><b>　　管理和技術(shù)通信特征</b></p><p>　　有一點停止一列火車關(guān)鍵是控制停止距離，關(guān)鍵信息是精確的列車位置和火車應停止。我們知道了ATC的服務宗旨,使基本職能的新ATC清晰。在另一個詞設備在地面上火車停下來只傳送信息,然后火車本身確認其位置之間的距離，計算并停止位置之后，火

60、車的弧度和梯度法和剎車以適當?shù)臅r刻。</p><p>　　理想的距離控制模型火車應知道彼此的位置。該模型的實現(xiàn)是給予無線通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　在鐵路整體被分為幾個控制領域，在這些領域建立起地面設備、無線電基站。在每個控制地區(qū)地面設備有多種功能，如列車定位、遠程控制開關(guān)控制，水平交叉控制和安全維護。無線電基站和車載設備進行信息交換。在適當?shù)臅r間間隔取決于站點的服務覆蓋范圍，每

61、個基站和相應的地面控制裝置相關(guān)聯(lián)。</p><p>　　車載電腦根據(jù)從地面設備得到的控制信息控制制動器,而它通過車載移動無線電基站發(fā)送列車位置信息到地面設備。第一步是用車載電腦確定控制程序的列車準確位置，當火車進入或通過了區(qū)間的邊界,原來位置將被記錄下來，然后車載電腦檢測火車的速度并處理火車的速度信息，火車的位置得到跟蹤。然而，當火車通過地面上的定位裝置,它的位置信息將被修正。</p><p&

62、gt;　　位置被系統(tǒng)檢測到的有組織的被地面控制設備,虛擬塊所控制的區(qū)域劃分，位置信息在相關(guān)的自動閉塞中，這些數(shù)據(jù)都在路邊的或車載的電腦上進行處理。</p><p>　　根據(jù)無線電信號傳輸距離的制約，一般兩個基站建立三英里遠的地方。四種不同的頻率交替使用防止兩個鄰居基地臺信號干擾。車載系統(tǒng)的實際操作使用的頻率是在每一個區(qū)域最合適的地面無線電基站，每個基站必須連接列車通過。一般來說，我們能推測出每列火車在通訊基站的周

63、期。因此，周期分為幾個時段。因為將有錯誤的溝通、空間差異和里德所羅門碼系統(tǒng)的采用，并且里德所羅門碼可以提前改正錯誤。</p><p>　　ATACS是基于ADS (分散自律系統(tǒng))技術(shù)。在ATACS系統(tǒng)地面設備是分散的,通過網(wǎng)絡連接，根據(jù)從地面設備得到的信息生成允許速度。每列車的車載設備能自動控制制動設備，地面系統(tǒng)是由中央控制系統(tǒng)和列控系統(tǒng)控制。該系統(tǒng)提供的設備，優(yōu)點是減少了對整個系統(tǒng)禁用設備的影響。更近一步說，它

64、可以使一步一步來建立一個系統(tǒng)成為可能。如果一個基站沒有工作,相鄰的基站則負責這項工作，所以整個系統(tǒng)可以繼續(xù)工作。</p><p><b>　　4、結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　研究結(jié)果顯示新的列控系統(tǒng)是通過應用最新的信息和當?shù)厥褂昧顺^100年的控制技術(shù)發(fā)展的。將來自動列車控制系統(tǒng)將只有車載系統(tǒng)而丟掉了地面系統(tǒng)，由于ADS的運用，ADS技術(shù)中的信息和交流技術(shù)是實現(xiàn)