中西文化英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文

1、<p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　China and the Western countries both have a long history in making wine and wine is a symbol of the good things both in China and Western countries and it also occupies an im

2、portant position in people's daily life. Western culture takes an important place in human being's culture. But different cultural backgrounds in China and Western countries formed different kinds of wine culture

3、. The paper compares the commons and differences from the type of wine (classified the wine from the raw material,</p><p>　　ⅠComparisons from different standards </p><p>　　1.1Comparison of raw m

4、aterials of wine</p><p>　　China and some Western countries (such as ancient Greece, ancient Rome) both have a long history about making wine. The main raw material of wine was crops both in prehistoric China

5、 and Western countries. Cereal took an important place in the raw material of making wine. Nevertheless, latterly because the weather, economy, politics and some other reasons the untreated material changed gradually.<

6、;/p><p>　　However, there are different from the origins of making wine and the raw materials are different. Unique raw materials make different kinds of wine. In, Agricultural Era Chinese people planted rice an

7、d cereal, at that time people didn't have grapes which were brought in from Central Asia after Han's open-up at the borders policy and Zhang Qian's traveling to Western countries successfully opened the Silk

8、Road. So the original wine was made in cereals and it was called rice wine. Cereals were the</p><p>　　The reprehension of Chinese wine was liquor and the liquor mainly could stand for the Chinese wine cultur

9、e. The Western countries also used cereals at that time. Then, later the raw materials were changed in the West for some factors. The cradle of western civilization was in Greece and it located in the Balkan Peninsula wh

10、ich was surrounded with many mountains and islands. So the soil was barren and it wasn't suitable for growing of crops. It furthermore had bad weather which was not suited pla</p><p>　　1.2 Comparison of

11、Alcohol Contents</p><p>　　Wine is distinguished by color, flavor and alcohol contents. Different classified standards make different kinds of wine. Both In China and Western countries wine are chiefly divide

12、d into three principal species according to alcohol contents. There are still, nature and sparking both in China and Western countries the sparkling wine was familiar by others, the still wine and natural wine. Wine can

13、be separated into three kinds according to the alcohol content points: Affair wine (alcohol divide </p><p>　　According to the contents of wine, it can also be divided as white wine which contains starch in t

14、he raw material. The characters of white wine are colorless and transparent and the brain is pure. Alcohol contents of white wine are above 30 degrees. The wine is also divided into different odor types</p><p&

15、gt;　　The first type is faint scent liquor. The representative is Shanxi Almond flowers Fenjiu. It is known to the world by its vibrant clear, faint scent and intermixed tasty flavor. Second odor type Luzhou-flavor liquor

16、 and the representative are Sichuan lushly Old Cellar. It has extensive fragrance after drinking. The third type is yellow wine. It was named because of its yellow-bright color. The best advantage of this kind wine is it

17、 can be stored. The longer you store the fragment it will be. It </p><p>　　But wines are predominantly classified as dry alcohol and sweet alcohol according to whether the grapes sugar is allowed to ferment

18、completely (called dry alcohol), or whether some residual sugar has been left (called sweet alcohol) in Western countries. Some kinds of famous sparkling wines in Western countries are Champion(Champion is the legitimate

19、 one of the wine, and the grapes of raw material production, wine brewing, aging and sales, are subject to strict control.), brandy.(Brandy is a kin</p><p>　　1.3 Comparison of the Way of Making </p>

20、<p>　　There are two kinds of wine owing to the distinctive ways of making both in China and Western countries. There are fermented wines and distilled wines. Each of them has some nice reprehensible in China and Wes

21、tern countries.</p><p>　　Sundry kinds of those liquors have been produced by the way of fermentation. Fermentation is the use of corn juice as raw materials, by fermentation and gets the low-degree line, suc

22、h as rice wine, beer and wine forehead and wine fermentation hair. The fermented wine (brewed wine) refers to fermented grain, fruit juice as the raw material, derived by fermentation of low alcohol wine, such as wine, b

23、eer, rice wine and fruit wine and other fermented wine. It can be drinking directly without distil</p><p>　　In the West countries there are likewise some kinds of brewed wine and there are in the same way to

24、 make. The mainly brewed wine in the West is port wine, ratafee. </p><p>　　It take long time and great effort to make fermentation and it additionally needs unlimited investment to make fermentation. It is

25、more easier and it has negligible investment but great production then fermentation, so distilled wine was popular, although it didn’t taste as good as fermentation. However, due to its trifling investment distilled wine

26、 was given excessive production and the direct effect is the wine is very sparking and most Chinese people feel uncomfortable after drink it. </p><p>　　Distillation wine is the wine fermentation materials an

27、d fermented grains, etc by distillation and gets high concentrations of distillation wine, there three kinds of wine (QuJiu,(注釋) was burning and edible alcohol etc,) which are made through some configuration program and

28、 processed into a new wine even with a ready-made wine base, there are six famous distillation wine in the world. There are Brandy(made in European countries).Whisky(are made in Scotland). Vodka(are made in Russia). Gin

29、(made</p><p>　　Distilled spirits refer to the innovative wine or fermented mash fermentation and distillation wine, grains and other high through distillation wine, such as wine, liquor, bad burn. There are

30、also some distilled spirits in China. Distilled liquor of grain uncooked material is principally used by distillation after being fermented. Mainly distilled alcohols are distinguished degree liquors. The typical Chinese

31、 distilled liquor is Mao-tai Guizhou. In the western world, ferment wines, such as sherr</p><p>　　Chinese liquor is distilled spirits. And now people are familiar with the "brandy" 'Whiskey &qu

32、ot;" vodka" "Lamb alcohol is distilled spirits". Federal brewing wine is also called a sugar or starch material raw material after pressed. This kind of wine of low concentration, containing solid mat

33、ter more, such as wine, beer and rice wine, wine, fruit, etc.</p><p>　　ⅡComparisons of the pubs</p><p>　　Used for people to set the clique to a party or the simple drinking of a small hotel.<

34、/p><p>　　In the world, there are some difference in the pubs building and the environment between China and Western countries. Pubs offer discrete service. In the pubs people can drink, can take parties or hold

35、 some additional wedding, funeral parties. Pub is not only a drink shop to sell wine. For centuries, this has been a place where friends can be to chat with their colleagues. It is also can be called businessmen place. N

36、umerous pubs provide discounted accommodations, especially in rural areas. Lond</p><p>　　2.1 comparison of pub’s functions and buildings </p><p>　　There are many pubs in China and sometimes it i

37、s also called hotel. The hotel has a long history. In its lengthy development process, every period has diverse forms. Ancient hotel were variety.</p><p>　　The original hotel just professional sold wine and

38、afterward developed to sell wine and provide drinking wine, then added wine dishes, accommodation and other service projects. So it became a place for the literati invited their friends to recite a poem or paint. With ou

39、r emotional release wine, that bound to, for the spirit of men to nature's return. This is all they experience from everywhere, we wine feelings in people in the role.</p><p>　　Some of the pubs provided

40、with wine, water and sometimes with accommodation. Most of them are solely for the people who want to relax themselves after work or at the weekend. The mainly function of the pubs was to relax or appoint with others. Th

41、e buildings were really very straightforward with some stools and chairs, but the decorations were extremely delicate. Pubs have changed over the past few years in China and Western countries. These kinds of pubs have so

42、me interesting buildings. Some of </p><p>　　2.2 The comparison of the pub services</p><p>　　Some pubs in China offer with wines, soft drinks, music, dancing ball and even accommodation. It is al

43、so similar in the western world, every country has drinks shop. The essence of a decent pub is a feeling of intimacy. It must have nooks and crannies, corners and snugs, where conversations and assignations can take with

44、out the world listening in! Most pubs have at least two separate bars, the "public bar" which is for ordinary people and women is the basic drinking shop, the" lounge bar" which </p><p>　

45、　In Western countries some pubs are special; some of them merely sold wine. Customers come there with friends immediately to drink wine and also to relax them. These kinds of pubs have some noteworthy buildings in Europe

46、. Some of them have been four hundred years and the surrounding environments are similarly novel and unique. There are some fascinating gardens which are available for ornamental plants create a moral atmosphere which wi

47、ll attract more and more customers. </p><p>　　Even though the pubs in London nonetheless have something unreasonable, because the pubs strictly carry out closing time, usually 10:30 at night. They also close

48、 the door in the afternoon, until five or six o 'clock. The summer season is moist and cool grass is the most beautiful state in England, the bartender smiling shuttle from people in the seam of notebooks to save emp

49、ty glasses, without any magnificent food.</p><p>　?、?The comparison of drinking manner</p><p>　　There is enormous difference about the drinking manners between China and the Western countries be

50、cause the environment, traditional customs and ways of thinking are different. There are two points significantly different.</p><p>　　3.1 Different emphasis points on wine table</p><p>　　Both in

51、 China and Western countries people drink beer together. Nonetheless, it is difficult to see people drink elevated contents of alcohol in the Western world. </p><p>　　In China, it is common to see that peop

52、le drink together and the people drinking together are enormously significant. Drinking atmosphere is likewise unusually prominent. China's ceremonial drinking of alcohol reflects the respect for the human beings. Th

53、ere are having obvious boundary between guests and masters owing to the traditional customs which has influenced Chinese people for thousands of years. China has thousands years as a feudal society and the Chinese nation

54、 have a tradition of noti</p><p>　　Nevertheless, in the western countries, things are different. People put full attention to the drinks and mainly purpose of drinking is getting joy from drinking. It is not

55、 worthy to drink with whom but what the drinking it is. The rituals of wine drinking in the West reflect the respect for wine. When people get a cup of wine they watch their color, smell their fragrance, flavor of their

56、products, to mobilize all kinds of sensory to enjoy the wine. There are sequences of drinking idiosyncratic </p><p>　　In a word, drinking manners show different emphasis points in China and Western countries

57、. There is fixed order of the seats and the sequence of toast likewise must be in turn the atmosphere is likewise indispensable so some games during the drinking are to transfers atmosphere. So Chinese people put more at

58、tention to the wine. Nonetheless, in western countries the wine is everything. People think that the wine should be perfect in color, aroma and taste. They take wine in turn, the red wine fir</p><p>　　3.2 Th

59、e toast manners</p><p>　　Yesterday this day's madness did prepare;</p><p>　　To-morrow's silence, triumph, or disrepair;</p><p>　　Drink! You know not where you come, not why

60、;</p><p>　　Drink! You know not why you go, not where.</p><p>　　___Omar Khayyan</p><p>　　Raising a glass of alcohol is one of mankind's most idiosyncratic rituals. For countless

61、 people, alcohol loosens the tongue and tightens and hands of friendship. [3]p78</p><p>　　People may experience unusual toast manner when he is in distinct countries. If in China you will enjoy more alcohol,

62、 the host will give honest effort to help the guests to drink more alcohol. The more the better is the motto of both the guests and the hosts'.</p><p>　　With Chinese wine table, the hosts make toasts to

63、guests each and friends toast each other mutually on the table. The atmosphere of drinking wine is lively. Assorted social background formed different cultural manners. Owing to this people don't think it is shameful

64、 to drink more in China. People drink more distinctly to adjust the buoyant atmosphere. And the famous poet Li Bai or other illustrious poets surely can write excellent poetry after drinking. In ancient China people didn

65、't have a symp</p><p>　　Nonetheless few people take a toast to each other at pubs in the Western world in addition to some extraordinary occasions such as after a person's speech, to celebrate someon

66、e's clever things people. However, in some spare times people drink themselves. They immerse themselves into taste wine or they drink the wine with enjoying the beautiful scenery around them. It is because they put m

67、ore attention to the alcohol and the purpose of dinking is to taste the drinks. People enjoy themselves with </p><p>　?、?Comparison of The function of wine</p><p>　　Wine culture plays a signific

68、ant role in the long history of human culture both in China and Western countries. Chinese has a traditional antique proverb saying (existence namely factor. Wine is accepted by most people because it has many great func

69、tions which cannot replace by other things both in China and Western countries. Wine is the symbol of beautiful things and it is the media to express one's minds and emotions. Except this the wine also has another fu

70、nction.</p><p>　　The wine can prevent and cure diseases; it has a profound effect on one's health. It has informed above the yellow line which is broadly used as a kind of medicinal wine, it can kill ger

71、ms, relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation. Drinking a moderate amount of alcohol can dredge meridian line gas and blood, comfortable living bones and muscles, eliminate fatigue, which is good for health&l

72、t;/p><p>　　Second, wine can excite oneself. After digging, human blood circulation is accelerated. People become more excited and have great emotion. It can it can increase the cheerful atmosphere festive succe

73、eded and bring living fun, but it also has a negative effect if people drink too much.</p><p>　　Third, wine also play the role of affinity. It can easily close the distance between people. And it is also ben

74、efit to the emotive communication between people. </p><p>　　So above all, wine is a kind of superior drinking. It belongs to the material world, but it dissolves itself into spiritual and cultural life. Wine

75、 isn't the imperative need in one's life, but it has some special function. It can prevent and cure disease, which has a profound effect on one's health. It can excite one's emotion after drinking and it

76、also plays the role of affinity in the banquet.</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Comparisons are about alcohol culture between China and Western countries. There are wine types according to the raw

77、material, alcohol contents, the ways of making, the pubs are interesting and have special designs which are for the atmosphere of drinking wine in ancient times and in modern times. Drinking manners focus on of unfamilia

78、r things in China and Western countries. The former puts more attention on people themselves and the latter immerses them into the wine to enjoy it and they drink </p><p>　　Acknowledgements</p><p&

79、gt;　　This paper gets a lot of help from others during the design progress and I feel awfully gratefully for their help. Firstly I want to thanks to my two supervisors Zheng Chaohong and my ex- supervisors Lu Wei. They gi

80、ves some advice for various times and help me to broaden my thinking ways. She sets a good example with exceptional scholastic style. Both of them have a genuine and realistic attitude, steadfast spirits. it is difficult

81、 to express my gratitude with words. Thanks my supervisor and I w</p><p>　　I will likewise thanks to all my substitute teachers, Niu Yunping, Yang Guangjie, Duan Qingchun, Ye Huijun and some others. They tau

82、ght me many useful ways to learn English well. Thank you very much with my warm heart.</p><p>　　Next thanks to my friends and my roommates. You give me so much support when I feel tired or weary. You say tha

83、t "no pains, no gains. If you want to get the loss is absolutely". Hence I make a stately progress of my paper. My roommates provide a safe environment that makes me have ample energy to do my paper. Thanks to

84、all of you: my dear friends and roommates. </p><p>　　The result of my paper is close to those supervisors, my substitute teachers, my dear friends and my roommates. Thank you again! However, I take the respo

85、nsibility if it has some mistakes.</p><p>　　Bibliography</p><p>　　[1] Feng Y. R. European American Culture Reading Selection. Pubs in Britain Changchun: Jilin University Press, 2007.</p>

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