科技英語翻譯

1、ENGLISH FOR Science and Technology,,,作業(yè)回顧詞的翻譯（續(xù)）英漢翻譯體驗,本講內(nèi)容,Translate the following passage into Chinese.In the 100 elements available to us, about three quarters can be classified as metals. And, about half of these

2、 are of at least some industrial or commercial importance. Metals, be they pure or alloy, can be further defined as being ferrous or nonferrous in make up. Ferrous alloys are those in which the base or primary metal is i

3、ron, manganese, chromium. All other metallic materials automatically fall into the non-ferrous category(范疇).,Assignments for 2nd week,復(fù)習(xí)本講內(nèi)容，參考教材第一章及第二章相關(guān)內(nèi)容。預(yù)習(xí)第三章。,Assignments for 2nd week,Assignments for 2nd week,In th

4、e 100 elements available to us, about three quarters can be classified as metals.,在人類可獲得的一百多種元素中，約四分之三可歸為金屬。US/weElements 詞義選擇Quarters 的意義及寫法,Assignments for 2nd week,And, about half of these are of at least some indu

5、strial or commercial importance.,而這些金屬中又大約有一半至少在工業(yè)或商業(yè)上具有一定的重要性/價值。Compare with并且，這些金屬中又大約有一半至少具有工業(yè)和商業(yè)價值。And, theseAre of importance vs. important,Assignments for 2nd week,Metals, be they pure or alloy, can be furt

6、her defined as being ferrous or nonferrous in make up.,所有的金屬，不管是純金屬還是合金，都能根據(jù)成分進(jìn)一步分成含鐵/黑色金屬或有色金屬一致性。忠實：形式？ 意義？Make up語體特征,Assignments for 2nd week,Ferrous alloys are those in which the base or primary metal is iron, m

7、anganese, chromium.,含鐵/黑色金屬主要是以鐵、錳、鉻為主要成分的合金，后置定語的翻譯；后置定語的形式,Assignments for 2nd week,All other metallic materials automatically fall into the non-ferrous category(范疇).,其余金屬材料自然都屬于有色金屬的范疇。詞義的選擇：automaticallyFall into

8、,在人類可獲得的一百多種元素中，約四分之三是金屬。而這些金屬中又大約有一半至少在工業(yè)或商業(yè)上具有一定的重要性。所有的金屬，不管是純金屬還是合金，都能根據(jù)成分進(jìn)一步分成黑色金屬或有色金屬。黑色金屬主要是以鐵、錳、鉻為主要成分的合金。其余金屬材料自然都屬于有色金屬的范疇。,參考譯文,詞的翻譯,詞義的引申,技術(shù)性引申修辭性引申具體化引申抽象化引申,詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)為動詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞介詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞,,http

9、://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=so7jFz4PbHKxWxDwLB85Wd7PXYciPcMQ9Oe1d7gFV9nxq3cGNADpqtiD_-PKtzml6DlxboOaIMoWWIc_4O6oCoSxwR1vP23E6obSwQNxSDy,詞的翻譯,詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)為名詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞代詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞,詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞,詞的翻譯

10、,詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)為副詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,詞的增譯,增譯名詞增譯動詞增譯副詞增譯代詞增譯量詞增譯表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞增譯時態(tài)詞增譯概括性的詞增譯連接詞增譯轉(zhuǎn)折詞,詞的翻譯,詞的省略,省略冠詞省略代詞省略介詞省略連詞省略動詞There be 句型中省略,詞的重復(fù),重復(fù)名詞重復(fù)動詞,when？how？無法從詞典等工具書找到其直接、恰當(dāng)、準(zhǔn)確的釋義。why?照搬詞典里的某個釋義，那么譯文

11、定會晦澀難懂，不符合漢語語言規(guī)范和翻譯所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。可以結(jié)合上下文，根據(jù)語氣、邏輯關(guān)系、 搭配習(xí)慣及全句的技術(shù)含義等方面的情況，在準(zhǔn)確理解原文含義的基礎(chǔ)上，按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，對詞義加以引申。,詞義的引申(extend in meaning),技術(shù)性引申的目的主要是使譯文中涉及科學(xué)技術(shù)概念的詞語符合技術(shù)性語言規(guī)范。如：After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the

12、compressive force is removed. 彈簧被壓縮到并緊高度之后，就沒有壓力了。Compression springs are designed to create resistance to a compressive force. 壓縮彈簧的設(shè)計用于抵抗壓縮力。Forging is the pro

13、cess by which metal is heated and is shaped by plastic deformation by suitably applying compressive force. 在鍛造過程中先將金屬加熱，然后施加合適的壓力使其塑性變形,技術(shù)性引申,1 .The cause

14、 of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surface of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.滾動阻力的起因在于滾動體的結(jié)合面和它滾動的滾道的變形。（技術(shù)性引申） (接觸面，接合面，嚙合面，嚙合表面，配合面，交接面)Element: one part or feature of a

15、whole system, plan, piece of work etc, especially one that is basic or important,practice,The best solution that science and medicine have come up with so far is the sleeping pill, which is another mixed blessing.迄今為止，科

16、學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)對此提出的最佳解決方案是安眠藥片，但這也是既有利，又有弊。mixed blessing N. an event, situation, etc, having both advantages and disadvantages 有好處也有壞處的事物,修辭性引申,3 .The occurrences of large mats of floating algae may result in the deat

17、h of many fish from lack of oxygen.a small piece of thick rough material which covers part of a floor地墊；地席；蒲席?Wipe your feet on the mat. 在地墊上蹭蹭你的鞋底大片大片漂浮的藻類的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致很多魚因缺氧而死亡。（修辭引申）,practice,把原有的語句中含義較概括、抽象、籠統(tǒng)的詞引申為意思較為具體

18、的詞，尤其是講不定代詞進(jìn)行具體化引申，避免造成譯文概念不清或不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的情況出現(xiàn)。如：This suggests that matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa.這就是說物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能量，能量也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。,具體化引申（general vs. specific）,The Curies believed that there was something i

19、n nature that gave out radiation.居里夫婦認(rèn)為，自然界中有一種物質(zhì)能放出輻射能。（具體化引申）,practice,有些詞在英語中比較具體、形象，如果在譯文中不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)它的具體名稱或具體說明。漢譯時，則可以把它抽象化或概括化，用比較抽象的或概括的語言來表達(dá)。如:Quantum chemistry is in its infancy.量子化學(xué)仍處于發(fā)展初期。,抽象化引申 concrete vs. abs

20、tract,10 .At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.(steam power plant)食物，養(yǎng)料；原料----燃料目前，煤是火電廠最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）,practice,英翻漢體驗句,Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metall

21、ic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature.,例句,Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned ma

22、inly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature.詞義的選擇，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。

23、,分析,氧氣煉鋼工藝主要涉及通過使用高純度的氧氣對以鐵水（液態(tài)生鐵）和廢鋼組成的金屬爐料進(jìn)行精煉，以便快速產(chǎn)生含碳量和溫度合適的鋼水。Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the

24、 use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature.,譯文,Some facilities lacking the space for local pits use slag ladles to transport the slag to remote pits.,例句,Some facilit

25、ies lacking the space for local pits use slag ladles to transport the slag to remote pits.,分析,Some facilities lacking the space for local pits use slag ladles to transport the slag to remote pits.一些高爐附近沒有渣池，就用罐車把熔渣運(yùn)送到較遠(yuǎn)

26、的渣池。,譯文,A “mixer line” delivers a portion of the cold blast air to blend with the hot blast air to maintain a constant hot blast temperature to the furnace throughout each stove cycle.,例句,混風(fēng)管需要輸送部分冷風(fēng)與熱風(fēng)混合，以便在熱風(fēng)爐循環(huán)使用過程中維持

27、入爐風(fēng)溫的穩(wěn)定。A “mixer line” delivers a portion of the cold blast air to blend with the hot blast air to maintain a constant hot blast temperature to the furnace throughout each stove cycle.,譯文,整理本講筆記自主學(xué)習(xí)第二章3-6節(jié)預(yù)習(xí)第三章,Assign