汽車共享-sommaireurba2000

1、同濟大學(xué) 交通運輸工程學(xué)院惠 英 2009.11,汽車共享——機動化的新選擇？CARSHARING—— A NEW CHOICE OF MOTORIZATION IN SHANGHAI ?,汽車共享的全球發(fā)展概況Overview of Carsharing Worldwide上海汽車共享發(fā)展設(shè)想Development Scenarios of Carsharing in Shanghai汽車共享的居民意愿分

2、析Residents Willingness Analysis of Carsharing展望——機遇與挑戰(zhàn)Prospect ：Opportunities and Challenges,主要內(nèi)容 outline,個人享受私家車的使用而免去購買所需的費用和責(zé)任。Individuals gain the benefits of private vehicle use without the costs and responsibi

3、lities of ownership.個人通過加入擁有成網(wǎng)運營的轎車和輕型卡車的汽車共享組織以取得會員資格?？梢栽谥付ǖ牡攸c和區(qū)位取用你需要的小汽車或貨車，這些車輛大多布置在居民區(qū)，公交和地鐵車站，以及商業(yè)中心。Individuals generally access vehicles by joining an organization that maintains a fleet of cars and light truck

4、s in a network of locations. Vehicles are most frequently deployed from lots located in neighborhoods, at transit stations, or at businesses.會員通常按照使用時間，一般是按小時付費。大部分汽車共享運營商通過先進技術(shù)來管理公司并提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，其中包括自動計費、路邊停車優(yōu)惠、車輛出入一卡通，和車輛實時

5、跟蹤等技術(shù)。Carsharing members typically pay for use through hourly rates and subscription-access plans. Most Carsharing operators manage their services with advanced technologies, which may include automated reservations, sm

6、art-card vehicle access, and real-time vehicle tracking,什么是汽車共享 What is Carshring,能源價格越來越昂貴。增加了汽車擁有成本和不確定的未來費用。Energy prices have become increasingly more expensive and volatile停車空間有限、昂貴。Parking is limited and costly

7、許多國家把汽車共享作為減少運輸成本、交通擁擠、低效的土地利用、能源消耗和排放等負面效應(yīng)的一種手段。Many nations have adopted carsharing as a means to reduce personal transportation costs and the negative impacts of widespread auto use, including congestion, inefficient

8、 land use, energy consumption, and emissions.支持汽車共享的技術(shù)已全面推廣。新市場的開發(fā)和成熟市場的發(fā)展正極大地影響汽車共享全球各地的增長。 Advanced technologies to support its operations has spread,汽車共享的興起 Worldwide Carshring,,,,,已經(jīng)發(fā)展汽車共享的國家,存在汽車共享潛在市場的國家,汽車共享在大約6

9、00個世界各地的城市、18個國家和4大洲開Carsharing operating in approximately 600 cities worldwide,,,個人效益 Individual Benefits節(jié)省成本不用支付購車和其他相關(guān)費用提供一種簡單、而不用洗車，換油，預(yù)防性維護、車輛登記等的用車方式社會效益 Social Effects 交通環(huán)境土地利用,汽車共享的效益 Benefits of Carshari

10、ng,歐洲平均每個用戶因此減少39％-54％的二氧化碳排放量，且而大部分的汽車共享組織使用低排放車輛，如油電混合動力車。In Europe, recent carsharing studies estimate that the average user’s carbon dioxide emissions were reduced 39% to 54%. Many carsharing organizations also incl

11、ude low-emission vehicles, such as gasoline–electric hybrid cars.,國外結(jié)果顯示，汽車共享作為一個靈活的替代交通模式，可以在很多情況下增加機動性，并加強與軌道和公交站點的連接，減少私人汽車的擁有，降低車輛廢氣排放和能源消耗，并鼓勵用戶嘗試積極的生活方式（自行車、步行等）。,上海：城市布局結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整Shanghai：Change of Urban Structure,城市布局

12、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的特點：多中心、新城Features of New Urban Structure：Multicenter 、New Town上海城市空間發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略——“一軸、兩鏈、多核”Spatial Strategy：One Corridor 、Two Chains、Multicore “一軸”：東西向城市發(fā)展主軸；“兩鏈”：西部新城發(fā)展鏈、濱江沿海發(fā)展鏈；“多核”：中心城、新城。外圍新城公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋不足Inadequate

13、 public transport network coverage in outside new town,“官車”時代——紅旗Official-use,國產(chǎn)化時代——桑塔納Domestic Industry,家用化時代——賽歐Home-use,廉價化時代 ——QQ Low-cost,汽車進入家庭速度加快，增加了協(xié)調(diào)機動化與人居環(huán)境關(guān)系的壓力。Household car-ownership increase fast, c

14、ausing more pressure to coordinate the relationship between motorization and living environment.,機動化進展 Motorization,自有車輛費用支出,平均每天行駛距離,租車、拼車經(jīng)歷Car Rental、Carpool,新型交通服務(wù)需求 Demand for New Transport Services,上海發(fā)展汽車共享的可能性Th

15、e Possibility of Carsharing Development in Shanghai,城市交通體系 Urban Transport System 公交-汽車共享-出租車-私人小汽車個人因素 Individual Factors 合理的個人機動化需求經(jīng)濟因素生活方式社會因素 Social Factors 停車公交發(fā)展滯后于城市擴展國外社會效益的借鑒企業(yè)因素 Organizations Factors

16、汽車租賃行業(yè)的發(fā)展合作者參與者,,出租車,軌道+公交,汽車共享與租賃,10 km,10 km,滿足合理的機動化出行需求尤其是非高峰時段的出行,政府/商務(wù)用車適當(dāng)取代家庭第二輛購車需求外圍新城地區(qū)中心城（受泊位限制購車?yán)щy）學(xué)生/中低收入群體偶然用車需求新能源汽車的推廣,居民意愿調(diào)查——機動化出行,,,,,Motorization travel,Commuting Travel Mode,Business Travel

17、 Mode,Jaunt Travel Mode,居民意愿調(diào)查——租車、拼車,租車Car Rental,拼車Carpool,Car Rental、Carpool,居民意愿調(diào)查——購車影響因素,,,,積極因素Positive Factors,消極因素Negative Factors,Factors Influence to Buy a Car,居民意愿調(diào)查——汽車共享潛在群體,Potential groups of Carshri

18、ng,居民意愿調(diào)查——汽車共享服務(wù)需求,取/還車點Park Location,車型Vehicle Model,個性化需求Individual Requirements,Demand for Carshring,居民意愿調(diào)查——汽車共享的效應(yīng),Effect of Carshring,對居民購車計劃的影響Impact on the plan to buy a car,政府/公共支持 Public Support建立評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分配支

19、持的資金提供貸款擔(dān)保提供行政審批來鼓勵私營部門加入特定的停車泊位供應(yīng)/停車政策鼓勵政府/企業(yè)的汽車共享計劃試點與推動Demonstration Projects,汽車共享的潛在市場開始顯現(xiàn)Carshring potential market began to appear 未來城市綜合交通系統(tǒng)建設(shè)從“建設(shè)”為主逐步轉(zhuǎn)向“建設(shè)與管理并重”The urban transpot development focus shift

20、ed from "building of the main " to "construction and management of equal importance" 多樣化交通服務(wù)體系是未來城市交通發(fā)展重點Diversification of transport service system as a trend,機遇與挑戰(zhàn)Opportunities and Challenges,謝謝！