汽車(chē)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯及課后答案--黃韶炯(全部單元都有)

1、1Unit1AutomotiveBasicsAutomobilestrucksbusesareessentialfmsoftransptation.Theyarecomplexmachinesmadeupofmanyparts.Thesepartscanbegroupedintoanumberofsystems.Anunderstingofhowthesystemwkwillhelpyouundersthowtheautomobilew

2、ks.轎車(chē)、卡車(chē)和客車(chē)是交通運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾M成部分。它們都是由許多部件組成的復(fù)雜機(jī)器。這些部件可以歸類(lèi)為汽車(chē)的幾個(gè)組成系統(tǒng)。了解這些各個(gè)小系統(tǒng)是如何工作的將有助于我們理解整個(gè)汽車(chē)系統(tǒng)是如何工作。Anautomobilecanbedividedintotwobasicparts:abodyachassis.Thebodyistheenclosurethathousestheenginepassengerscargo.Itisthepartof

3、theautomobilethatyousee.Thechassisisthatpartoftheautomobilebeneaththebody.汽車(chē)可以分為兩個(gè)基本部分：車(chē)身和底盤(pán)。車(chē)身包圍發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、乘客和行李，它是汽車(chē)你所看到的部分。而車(chē)身以下的部分就是底盤(pán)。1.1THEBODYAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindowsdosahoodatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itp

4、rovidesaprotectivecoveringftheenginepassengerscargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafecomftable.Fexampleinsulationinthebodyreducesnoiseprotectsagainstheatcold.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractivecolfulmodernappearanceft

5、hevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistancetokeepthecarfromswayingatdrivingspeeds.轎車(chē)車(chē)身是一個(gè)鈑金件殼體，它上面有車(chē)窗、車(chē)門(mén)、發(fā)送機(jī)罩和行李艙門(mén)等部件，它給發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、乘客和行李提供防護(hù)。車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)確保乘客乘坐的安全和舒適。比如：車(chē)身絕熱層可以減少噪音和抵御冷熱。車(chē)身造型設(shè)計(jì)使得汽車(chē)有一個(gè)華美、現(xiàn)代、吸引人的外觀。車(chē)身的流線型設(shè)計(jì)可以減少風(fēng)阻，防止汽

6、車(chē)行馳過(guò)程中發(fā)生擺動(dòng)。Theautomobilebodyhastwobasicpartstheupperbodytheunderbody.車(chē)身有兩個(gè)基本部分車(chē)身上部和車(chē)身下部。1.2ThechassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoperatingpartsofavehicle.Thechassisincludeseverythingexceptthebody.The

7、threeimptantpartsofthechassisaretheframetheenginethepowertrain(alsocalledthedrivetrain).Eachofthesethreepartsismadeupofanumberofsystems.Asystemisamechanicalelectricalunitthatperfmsaspecificfunction.Thuseachsystem(suchass

8、teeringbrakefuel)hasacertainjobtodoinrunningavehicle.Weshalllookateachofthesepartssystemstoseehowtheyfittogethertofmtheautomobilechassis.底盤(pán)集中了汽車(chē)大部分的運(yùn)動(dòng)組件，它包括除了車(chē)身以外的所有部件。底盤(pán)有三個(gè)重要的系統(tǒng)：車(chē)架、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。這三個(gè)系統(tǒng)又都有許多個(gè)完成某一個(gè)特定功能的機(jī)械或電氣系統(tǒng)組

9、成。為了保證汽車(chē)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，每個(gè)系統(tǒng)（比如：轉(zhuǎn)向、制動(dòng)或燃油系統(tǒng)）都要實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的功能。下來(lái)我們看看這些系統(tǒng)和組件是如何相互連接從而組成汽車(chē)底盤(pán)的。1.2.1TheframeThefirstmajpartofthechassisistheframe.Itismadefromtoughsteelsectionsweldedrivetedboltedtogether.Theframelookslikeasteelladderthoughitso

10、metimehasanXshapefextrastrength.Itfmsafoundationfthecarbodythepartsoftheseveralsystems.Thebodyisjoinedtotheframewithbolts.Rubbershockmountswashersareusedateachjoint.Thesereducevibrationroadnoise.Inmostmoderncarstheframei

11、sbuiltintothebody.Acarwiththeframebuiltintothebodyhasaunitizedbodyunibody.Theframesupptsthesuspensionsystemsteeringsystemthebrakingsystem.底盤(pán)最重要的部分就是車(chē)架。車(chē)架由鋼件通過(guò)焊接、鉚接或螺栓聯(lián)接而成，看上去就像一架鋼梯。有時(shí)為了得到額外的強(qiáng)度，車(chē)架做成了X形狀。車(chē)架為車(chē)身和很多系統(tǒng)部件提供3燃式發(fā)

12、動(dòng)機(jī)。Theautomobilesuppliesalltheelectricityitneedsthroughitselectricalsystem.Fexampletheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityftheignitionhnlightsheaterstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyagingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsists

13、ofthebatteryalternat(generat)theregulat.Thebatterysteselectricity.Thealternatchangestheengine’smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyregethebattery.Theregulatpreventsdamagetothesystembyregulatingthemaximumvoltageinthecircu

14、it汽車(chē)通過(guò)自身的電氣系統(tǒng)給自身供電。比如：電氣系統(tǒng)給點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)、喇叭、燈光、供暖系統(tǒng)和起動(dòng)器供電。系統(tǒng)電壓通過(guò)充電系統(tǒng)保持穩(wěn)定。充電系統(tǒng)由電池、發(fā)電機(jī)和調(diào)節(jié)器組成。電池儲(chǔ)存電能。發(fā)電機(jī)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?，并給電池充電。調(diào)節(jié)器調(diào)節(jié)電氣系統(tǒng)的最大電壓，提供過(guò)壓保護(hù)。Thefuelsystemstesliquidfueldeliversittotheengines.Thefuelisstedinthetankwhichisconnec

15、tedtoafuelpumpbyafuelline.Thefuelispumpedfromthefueltankthroughthefuellines.Itisfcedthroughafilter(whichremovesmoisturedirt)intothecarburetwhereitismixedwithairintothefuelinjectionsystem.Thefuelismixedwithairtofmacombust

16、iblemixtureinthecarburetthemanifoldthecylindersthemselves.燃油系統(tǒng)儲(chǔ)存液態(tài)燃料，并且把燃料送至發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。燃料儲(chǔ)存在通過(guò)油管與油泵連接的油箱里。油泵通過(guò)油管將油箱內(nèi)的油泵出，并通過(guò)濾清器（去除濕氣和雜污）送達(dá)化油器與空氣混合或者噴油系統(tǒng)。燃油在化油器、歧管或氣缸自身內(nèi)與空氣混合，形成可燃混和物。Theexhaustsystemhasfourjobs:1.Tocollectburned

17、gasesfromtheengines.2.Toremovedangerousemissionthatpollutestheair.3.Toreduceexhaustnoises.4.Togetridoftheexhaustgases.排放系統(tǒng)要實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)功能：1、收集發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的廢氣。2、去除污染空氣的排放物。3、減少排放噪音。4、排出廢氣。Exhaustgasescontaincarbonmonoxideunburnedhydrocarb

18、onsoxidesofnitrogen.Sincealloftheseareharmfultheexhaustsystemisdesignedtoreducethemasmuchaspossible.IntheUnitedStaresallmodernautomobileshaveemissioncontrolsystems.汽車(chē)廢氣包含一氧化碳，未燃燒的碳?xì)浠衔锖偷趸衔铩Ｋ械倪@些都是有害的，排放系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要盡可能多減少這些有害物

19、質(zhì)。美國(guó)所有的現(xiàn)代車(chē)都配備了排放系統(tǒng)。Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Thetemperatureinenginecombustionchambersisabout1094C.Sincesteelmeltsataround1354Cthisheatmustbecarriedawaytopreventenginedamage.Airacoolantareusedtocar

20、ryawaytheheat.Theradiatisfilledwithacoolant.Thewaterpumpcircuitsthiscoolantthroughtheenginethewallsoftheengineblockhead.Heatalsoisremovedbytheradiatfanwhichdrawsairthroughthenarrowfinsoftheradiat.Thissystemalsosupplieshe

21、attothepassengercompartmentthewindowdefroster.冷卻系統(tǒng)去除發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)多余的熱量。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室的溫度可以達(dá)到1094攝氏度。鋼的熔點(diǎn)大約是1354攝氏度，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)多余的熱量必須消除來(lái)防止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)熱。空氣和冷卻劑用來(lái)帶走這個(gè)熱量。散熱器內(nèi)裝滿了冷卻劑。水泵使冷卻劑在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)殼體和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)蓋循環(huán)流動(dòng)。也可以使用冷卻風(fēng)扇來(lái)降溫。冷卻風(fēng)扇將風(fēng)從散熱器狹窄的孔徑吹出，從而帶走熱量。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以給乘客艙和車(chē)