2016年電子科技大學244 英語考研真題

1、共13頁第1頁電子科技大學電子科技大學20162016年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試試題年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試試題考試科目：考試科目：244244英語英語(二外二外僅日語方向僅日語方向)注：無機讀卡，所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷或草稿紙上均無效。注：無機讀卡，所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷或草稿紙上均無效。PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4passagesi

2、nthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsunfinishedstatements.FeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoicethenwritethecrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetPassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedon

3、thefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUKsuniversitysectisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsservices.RecentlytheUKNationalStemCellwkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongthewldleadersinstemcellr

4、esearchunlessadequatefundinglegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.Howeverwedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectdoesnotdoenoughintakingid

5、eastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperfmanceofuniversitiesresearchinstitutionsinAustraliaCanadaUSAUKshowsthatfromarelativelyweakstartingpositiontheUKnowleadsonmanyindicatsofcommercializationactivity.Whenvieweda

6、tthenationallevelthepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransfmtheperfmanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUKspositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylarg

7、evariationintheperfmanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepackafewperfmstronglytherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKismirred

8、acrossothereconomies.IntheUKresearchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduatessciencecitationspatentslicensei

9、ncome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglongtermresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearchledcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchcommercializationwkcreatesdiffere

10、ncesbetweenuniversities.共13頁第3頁C)Bypromotingtechnologytransfergraduateschooleducation.D)Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofficewkersassumetha

11、tthemessagestheysendtoeachotherviaelectronicmailareasprivateasatelephonecallafacetofacemeeting.Thatassumptioniswrong.Althoughitisillegalinmanyareasfanemployertoeavesonprivateconversationstelephonecalls—eveniftheytakeplac

12、eonacompanyownedtelephone—therearenoclearrulesgoverningelectronicmail.Infactthequestionofhowprivateelectronicmailtransmissionsshouldbehasemergedasoneofthemecomplicatedlegalissuesoftheelectronicage.People’sopinionsaboutth

13、edegreeofprivacythatelectronicmailshouldhavevarydependingonwhoseelectronicmailsystemisbeingusedwhoisreadingthemessages.Doesagovernmentofficefexamplehavetherighttodestroyelectronicmessagescreatedinthecourseofrunningthegov

14、ernmenttherebydenyingpublicaccesstosuchdocumentsSomeholdthatgovernmentofficesshouldissueguidelinesthatallowtheirstafftosuchelectronicrecdsdefendthispracticebyclaimingthatthemessagesthusdalreadyexistinpaperversionswhosede

15、structionisfbidden.Opponentsofsuchpracticesarguethatthepaperversionsoftenomitsuchinfmationaswhoreceivedthemessageswhentheyreceivedtheminfmationcommonlycarriedonelectronicmailsystems.Governmentofficialsopponentsmaintainar

16、ecivilservantsthepublicshouldthushavetherighttoreviewanydocumentscreatedduringtheconductingofgovernmentbusiness.Questionsaboutelectronicmailprivacyhavealsoarisenintheprivatesect.Recentlytwoemployeesofanautomotivecompanyw

17、erediscoveredtohavebeencommunicatingdisparaginginfmationabouttheirsupervisviaelectronicmail.Thesuperviswhohadbeenmonitingthecommunicationthreatenedtofiretheemployees.Whentheemployeesfiledagrievancecomplainingthattheirpri

18、vacyhadbeenviolatedtheywereletgo.Latertheircourtcasefunlawfulterminationwasdismissedthecompany’slawyerssuccessfullyarguedthatbecausethecompanyownedthecomputersystemitssupervisshadtherighttoreadanythingcreatedonit.Insomea

19、reaslawsprohibitoutsideinterceptionofelectronicmailbyathirdpartywithoutproperauthizationsuchasasearchwarrant.Howevertheselawsdonotcover“inside”interceptionsuchasoccurredattheautomotivecompany.Inthepastcourtshaveruledthat

20、interofficecommunicationsmaybeconsideredprivateonlyifemployeeshavea“reasonableexpectation”ofprivacywhentheysendthemessages.Thefactisthatnoabsoluteguaranteeofprivacyexistsinanycomputersystem.Theonlysolutionmaybefuserstosc

21、rambletheirownmessageswithencryptioncodesunftunatelysuchcomplexcodesarelikelytounderminetheprincipalvirtueofelectronicmail:itsconvenience.6.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage