第14版國(guó)際營(yíng)銷課后習(xí)題答案1

1、Chapter1TheScopeChallengeofInternationalMarketing2.HowcantheincreasedinterestininternationalmarketingonthepartoftheU.S.firmsbeexplained1)TheU.S.markethasreachedsaturationlevelsfmanyproductsincreasingnumbersoffirmsareface

2、dwithsurpluseswhichmustbesold.2)manyfirmsfindthatreturnoninvestmentmaybehigherinfeignmarketsthanindomesticmarkets.3)mefirmsrealizethattomrow’smarketswillbewldmarketsitisimperativetoestablishwldmarketpositionsearly.3.Disc

3、ussthefourphasesofinternationalmarketinginvolvement.Thefirstphaseisdomesticfirmswhichhavenofeignbusinessactivityexceptthosesalesmadetofeigncustomerswhocomedirectlytothefirm.Thesecondisdomesticfirmswhichhavetemparysurplus

4、eswhicharesoldabroadonanavailabilitybasiswithnointentionfcontinuingmarketrepresentation.Thethirdisthedomesticfirmsthathavepermanentproductivecapacitywhichisusedtoproducegoodswhicharesoldonacontinuingbasisinfeignmarkets.T

5、hefourthistheinternationalcompanythatproducesaproductfthewldmarket.4.Discusstheconditionsthathaveledtothedevelopmentofglobalmarkets.1)newcommunicationstechnologytravelotherfactsledthewldmarketsbeingawareofdifferentproduc

6、tsprocesses.2)Becauseofthisawarenesseachmarketthushadcommonneedsfhighqualityreasonablypricedstardizedproducts.3)Thereisastrongfeelingthatwithinideasfromthewldaffectedthetastesperceivedneedsofeverycountrymarket4)Thereisas

7、trongfeelingthatwldmarketsarebeingdriventowardaconvergingcommonalityoftasteneedsleadingtowardglobalmarkets.5.Differentiatebetweenaglobalcompanyamultinationalcompany.Aglobalcompanyassumescountrieshavethesameneedsdesignsas

8、tardizedhighqualityreasonablypricedproductfthosemarketsitasiftherearenodifferencesamongthecountrymarkets.Amultinationalcompanyhasaspecificmarketingplanadaptsproductsfeachcountrymarketthinkthereareculturaldifferencesamong

9、countriesthatrequirespecificadaptationsfthosemarkets.6.Differentiateamongthethreeinternationalmarketingconcepts.見(jiàn)課件noteffective.Finallythedisputesettlementmechanismisseentobeincreasinglyineffectiveatresolvingconflictsamo

10、ngGATTmembers.3.DiscusstheimpactofGATSTRIMSTRIPSonglobaltrade.AnimptantobjectiveoftheUnitedStatesintheUruguayRoundwastoreduceeliminatebarrierstointernationaltradeinservices.Whilethereisstillmuchprogresstobemadebefefreetr

11、adeinserviceswillexistthroughoutthewldtheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices(GATS)isthefirstmultilaterallegallyenfceableagreementcoveringtradeinvestmentinservicessect.Itprovidesalegalbasisffuturenegotiationsaimedateliminat

12、ingbarriersthatdiscriminateagainstfeignservicestradedenythemmarketaccess.Fthefirsttimecomprehensivemultilateraldisciplinesprocedurescoveringtradeinvestmentinserviceshavebeenestablished.Specificmarketopeningconcessionsfro

13、mawiderangeofindividualcountrieswereachievedprovisionwasmadefcontinuednegotiationstofurtherliberalizetelecommunicationsfinancialservices.Equallysignificantweretheresultsofnegotiationsintheinvestmentsect.TradeRelatedInves

14、tmentMeasures(TRIMs)establishedthebasicprinciplethatinvestmentrestrictionscanbemajtradebarrierstherefeareincludedfthefirsttimeunderGATTprocedures.Aninitialsetofspecificpracticeswereprohibitedincluding:localcontentrequire

15、mentsspecifyingthatsomeamountofthevalueoftheinvest’sproductionmustbepurchasedfromlocalsourcesproducedlocallytradebalancingrequirementsspecifyingthataninvestmustexptanamountequivalenttosomeproptionofimptsconditiontheamoun

16、tofimptspermittedonexptlevelsfeignexchangebalancingrequirementslimitingtheimptationofproductsusedinlocalproductionbyrestrictingitsaccesstofeignexchangetoanamountrelatedtoitsexchangeinflow.AsaresultofTRIMsrestrictionsinIn

17、donesiawhichprohibitfeignfirmsfromopeningtheirownwholesaleretaildistributionchannelscanbechallenged.socaninvestmentrestrictionsinBrazilthatrequirefeignownedmanufacturerstobuymostoftheircomponentsfromhighcostlocalsupplier

18、sthataffiliatesoffeignmultinationalsmaintainatradesurplusinBrazil’sfavbyexptingmethantheysellwithin.AnotherobjectiveoftheUnitedStatesfromtheUruguayRoundwasachievedbyanagreementonTradeRelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyR

19、ights(TRIPs).TheTRIPsagreementestablishessubstantiallyhigherstardsofprotectionfafullrangeofintellectualpropertyrights(patentscopyrightstrademarkstradesecretsindustrialdesignssemiconductchipmaskwks)thanareembodiedincurren

20、tinternationalagreementsitprovidesftheeffectiveenfcementofthosestardsbothinternallyatthebder.4.DiscusstheevolutionofwldtradethathasledtothefmulationoftheWTO.SincetheinceptionofGATTtherehavebeeneight“rounds”ofintergovernm