外文翻譯---利用層次分析法選擇各類發(fā)電廠

1、英文原文Multi-criteria selection of electric power plants using analytical hierarchy processAbstractThis paper uses analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to perform a comparison between the different electricity pow

2、er production options in Jordan. The systems which were considered, in addition to fossil fuel power plants, are nuclear, solar,wind, and hydro-power. Results on cost to benefit ratios show that solar, wind, end hydro-p

3、ower may be the best alternatives for electric power production. Nuclear electricity turns out to be the worst choice, followed by fossil fuel electric power. 1. IntroductionJordan is a non-oil producing Middle-Eastern

4、country. It relies heavily on importing oil from neighboring countries. Most of the electric power that is generated to serve different sectors of the country is produced from power plants that use fossil fuel. This fuel

5、 is either totally imported such as petroleum hydrocarbon fuel, or partially local (only with small percentage) such as natural gas. The 1996 electrical energy consumption in Jordan reached a value of 6000 GWh. About 93

6、% of his amount was produced by the National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) which is the main electricity supplier in the country [1]. Other options or alternatives of energy sources for electric power generation must t

7、ee considered. These options may include nuclear, solar, wind, or hydro-electric energies. The Jordanian experience with electricity generation using solar and wind energy technology has been on the small and experiment

8、al scale. These renewable energy systems were utilized in mostly remote areas of Jordan. They are used to generate electric power for individual application such as clinics, lighting, and educational television sets. Th

9、e remote village of Jurf Eldaraweesh located in the Jordan desert of a population of 600, is the best example [2]. The necessary electrical energy is totally supplied by solar and wind energy conversion systems.In this

10、 paper, oil-fired power plants in addition to other alternatives are being evaluated. The other alternatives include nuclear, solar, wind and hydro-power. A brief description of various power plant technologies will be

11、 presented. Using a decision-support system through a multiple criteria analysis, such as AHP, an attempt will be made to assist decision makers to evaluate the use of the above technologies which can be most suitable

12、for electrical power production in Jordan.2. Fossil-fuel electrical power plantsIn general, fossil fuels are non-renewable. They originate from the earth as a result of decomposition and chemical conversion of organic m

13、aterials. They come in three organic forms: (1) solid, e.g. coal and oil shale; (2) liquid, e.g. most petroleum products, and (3) gas, e.g. natural gas. Coal represents the largest fossil-fuel energy resource in electr

14、ic power generation [3,4]. Oil shale is a fossil fuel that exists in to be one of the least expensive forms of new electrical generation in the twenty-first century [22].With global efforts to become tough on fossil fuel

15、 related energy systems and to reduce the emissions of CO2 significantly, this will most likely introduce lower cost wind systems. For example, large wind power plants at good wind sites using emerging technologies can

16、deliver electricity into utility grid at low prices that are becoming competitive with those of conventional power generation. Wind power plants can use hundreds of wind turbines that range in size from 50 to 500 kW eac

17、h located in some remote areas. The plant’s computerized and control center operates similar to fossil fuel plants, except it does not have to be in sight of turbines. In a recent study a model of wind power plant for i

18、solated location was presented [23]. Increases in the prices of fuel and cost of fossil fuel plants and in relying less on non- renewable energy resources, decrease the value and cost of wind power generation systems si

19、gnificantly [24,25].There are number of sites in Jordan with potentially high wind speeds, that can be utilized for this purpose [26,27]. Habali et al. [27] have presented an evaluation of wind energy in Jordan and its a

20、pplication for electrical power generation. A total of 11 wind sites were considered covering the entire country. The three most potential sites in Jordan are found to be Ras Muneef, Mafraq, and Aqaba. They have wind sp

21、eeds that range from 4 to 23 ms throughout 80% of the whole year.5. Hydro-electric power plantsHydro-electric power plants can provide a basis for evaluating the potential of renewable sources of energy. When compared t

22、o other thermal power plants, they are found to be conventional and reliable. Some countries utilize this form of free natural energy into useful type of electrical power. For example, 11% of the electric power produced

23、 in the USA was provided by hydro-electric power [4]. Egypt and Turkey, countries of this region, also utilize this type of power for generating electricity at low costs.A number of studies were involved in utilizing hyd

24、ro-power in Jordan for the purpose of electricity production [28], water desalination [29,30], and both electricity production and water desalination [8,31]. These studies, mainly, considered the linkage of Red and Dea

25、d Seas with a canal to generate hydro-power. The Dead Sea is about 400 m below sea level (BSL), it is roughly 200 km to the north of the Gulf of Aqaba. It is an extension of the Red Sea. The Dead Sea has no outlet; its

26、 water level is a function of inflow and evaporation of water. For thousands of years the Dead Sea maintained an equilibrium with the annual inflow and evaporation of water. This resulted in a constant sea level. For ex

27、ample, in 1930 the surface of the Dead Sea was measured at its historical elevation of about 390 m BSL. The Jordan River is considered to be the main tributary of the Dead Sea. Over the years due to increase in populat

28、ion and agricultural development, water was diverted for irrigation in the Jordan Valley and neighboring countries. Therefore, its elevation was forced to drop, drastically; in 1993 it was 408 m BSL. To halt this trend,