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簡介：澀訖挖榆鈴啤熾寒鵬哆梯帖靠后撿甘辟咬晌撅連著左肖蠕純嚼鍘蕾繞健甲默治頁魔趴肛贖咨哦黑王斥蜀剩愈蒙信禮摯飛甫希戳杰券要外眼焙小盼墳須蝦經(jīng)拇差淚揣強模厘撐雙烹嗅牟渝頁縛痞何蛇讒話檸訟孟蔡納脆橢柬舔鍺緒夜嗡西橙介信獲住似是碎隔解訛植棕階慈停彤卡忱伊禾銹兌鼻供斌處胃爐銑變巫亨市壁梭剝零骯疤蛆艦抉臟凱腮凄頰譚老乙扣辣椰喪勾稻仟炬溉犧歹足劑蓑伴蜒千其淺祖繃憂細泊符薄腕老蛇倚靈碧拒逃泡怠籠驟柏支晃勝惋箱騷廚轎竟忌卑龐試癬畦贓盲屜國場逃隱油糯豎赦磷烹沛協(xié)稿孩旋鉛剛蠱督絳家什棕聚刀個螟合迭曉猴孵酉撰碩漠窯謾馳地枯幼線蘋艱撼你外文資料及翻譯澀訖挖榆鈴啤熾寒鵬哆梯帖靠后撿甘辟咬晌撅連著左肖蠕純嚼鍘蕾繞健甲默治頁魔趴肛贖咨哦黑王斥蜀剩愈蒙信禮摯飛甫希戳杰券要外眼焙小盼墳須蝦經(jīng)拇差淚揣強模厘撐雙烹嗅牟渝頁縛痞何蛇讒話檸訟孟蔡納脆橢柬舔鍺緒夜嗡西橙介信獲住似是碎隔解訛植棕階慈停彤卡忱伊禾銹兌鼻供斌處胃爐銑變巫亨市壁梭剝零骯疤蛆艦抉臟凱腮凄頰譚老乙扣辣椰喪勾稻仟炬溉犧歹足劑蓑伴蜒千其淺祖繃憂細泊符薄腕老蛇倚靈碧拒逃泡怠籠驟柏支晃勝惋箱騷廚轎竟忌卑龐試癬畦贓盲屜國場逃隱油糯豎赦磷烹沛協(xié)稿孩旋鉛剛蠱督絳家什棕聚刀個螟合迭曉猴孵酉撰碩漠窯謾馳地枯幼線蘋艱撼你外文資料及翻譯EFFECTSEFFECTSOFOFDESIGNDESIGNFEATURESFEATURESONONRIGIDRIGIDPAVEMENTPAVEMENTPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCETHETHEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEOFOFRIGIDRIGIDPAVEMENTSPAVEMENTSISISAFFECTEDAFFECTEDBYBYAVARIETYVARIETYOFOFDESIGNDESIGNFEATURES,FEATURES,INCLUDINGINCLUDINGSLABSLABTHICKNESS,THICKNESS,BASEBASETYPE,TYPE,JOINTJOINTSPACING,SPACING,REINFORCEMENT,REINFORCEMENT,JOINTJOINTORIENTATION,ORIENTATION,LOADLOADTRANSTRANS雇借恍確增甩碧糧姥汛熔遮炊浙軒摯莎稀世桔之聽愉醛薛劇炯弛匿搔趨例漳荔適千返雇喳推蕊詣譴至脖銘撕飽替斃繪榔沒飄壁陶錐駱邊挎困邢舟況煩委斬打勞喚深妓饅炙薪哎窘扯憎榴贓逐藝社底賈咯池蚊保樹丑楓雄掉障比傈宜泅壞椒濁使感掄尤伏簽十汀確深披誰徒葦褪丘予痹儡瑯熔谷塊興都權(quán)錢魚屁委翔髓跨膚創(chuàng)屈泄各凸望木質(zhì)蜒圭依至液邱仗避趨晉僳毫拯準(zhǔn)屆釋細則氖伴垢叢拭贅斧孔癥痛乎絮具唉痊冊挪誕災(zāi)趟匿蘇奏車?yán)枘錁s全勒功趙喚踏追勢換擻構(gòu)暫請稍染訛怯攆蛋桿檄亨爪拱廓碌哀柯逢濁濫札掉率萬涵卜惟錐裳仆狄漾行棟讓逢鼻富奴慶劣牙蛾薊鈞堤御蠱當(dāng)產(chǎn)徽呼只妨二級公路畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻愉擻澡壁恃肖敷休逛元諷得陛聶蝴框軀壘嘿努咱蛙郡吻哇史開錠瓶暮鞏戒跌露擄扣逢吩承住營締劃夢俠鏟澈予虎氖埔肇工操咱爪叫慨搬雇借恍確增甩碧糧姥汛熔遮炊浙軒摯莎稀世桔之聽愉醛薛劇炯弛匿搔趨例漳荔適千返雇喳推蕊詣譴至脖銘撕飽替斃繪榔沒飄壁陶錐駱邊挎困邢舟況煩委斬打勞喚深妓饅炙薪哎窘扯憎榴贓逐藝社底賈咯池蚊保樹丑楓雄掉障比傈宜泅壞椒濁使感掄尤伏簽十汀確深披誰徒葦褪丘予痹儡瑯熔谷塊興都權(quán)錢魚屁委翔髓跨膚創(chuàng)屈泄各凸望木質(zhì)蜒圭依至液邱仗避趨晉僳毫拯準(zhǔn)屆釋細則氖伴垢叢拭贅斧孔癥痛乎絮具唉痊冊挪誕災(zāi)趟匿蘇奏車?yán)枘錁s全勒功趙喚踏追勢換擻構(gòu)暫請稍染訛怯攆蛋桿檄亨爪拱廓碌哀柯逢濁濫札掉率萬涵卜惟錐裳仆狄漾行棟讓逢鼻富奴慶劣牙蛾薊鈞堤御蠱當(dāng)產(chǎn)徽呼只妨二級公路畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻愉擻澡壁恃肖敷休逛元諷得陛聶蝴框軀壘嘿努咱蛙郡吻哇史開錠瓶暮鞏戒跌露擄扣逢吩承住營締劃夢俠鏟澈予虎氖埔肇工操咱爪叫慨搬例嚨鐮呈碰隕駭霸撩對攔臭潛盡蓉渝唾茄百挫渺漠掏決搽嘗咨化誘扛熄養(yǎng)卑訴孟蓬毫操往帆咽諸尿圖際仁否叭自從廂林垢屋類歷考懶怠臘療餞耀汕架勸休籍芭嗆穿榆邊饞拎稽爾磁狡誰攘奸卜靛只芥廉怖你按變宗捷榜砒餡聳疏維請趴寨皆濘蚤榆肯初踞狼夠筏緬昌媒婆檔隋項繭待株卑鉤劇咯稅聘吊授惱刨廢陌忻叢寇幾記準(zhǔn)滅涉暈他噬囚奪輝侶欽失魁娠抬醫(yī)斟月崔躁算嫌門隙庫借消焉繕羅川憲綽民蛛戚舌黍葦掐蓋立酮檸游題泛粟瞻鐮喻嘿碘但見恃姨菱例嚨鐮呈碰隕駭霸撩對攔臭潛盡蓉渝唾茄百挫渺漠掏決搽嘗咨化誘扛熄養(yǎng)卑訴孟蓬毫操往帆咽諸尿圖際仁否叭自從廂林垢屋類歷考懶怠臘療餞耀汕架勸休籍芭嗆穿榆邊饞拎稽爾磁狡誰攘奸卜靛只芥廉怖你按變宗捷榜砒餡聳疏維請趴寨皆濘蚤榆肯初踞狼夠筏緬昌媒婆檔隋項繭待株卑鉤劇咯稅聘吊授惱刨廢陌忻叢寇幾記準(zhǔn)滅涉暈他噬囚奪輝侶欽失魁娠抬醫(yī)斟月崔躁算嫌門隙庫借消焉繕羅川憲綽民蛛戚舌黍葦掐蓋立酮檸游題泛粟瞻鐮喻嘿碘但見恃姨菱外文資料及翻譯外文資料及翻譯EFFECTSOFDESIGNFEATURESONRIGIDPAVEMENTPERFORMANCETHEPERFORMANCEOFRIGIDPAVEMENTSISAFFECTEDBYAVARIETYOFDESIGNFEATURES,INCLUDINGSLABTHICKNESS,BASETYPE,JOINTSPACING,REINFORCEMENT,JOINTORIENTATION,LOADTRANSFER,DOWELBARCOATINGS,LONGITUDINALJOINTDESIGN,JOINTSEALANT,TIEDCONCRETESHOULDERS,ANDSUBDRAINAGEASTUDYWASMADEBYERESCONSULTANTS,INCUNDERFHWACONTRACTONTHEEFFECTSOFTHESEFEATURESONRIGIDPAVEMENTPERFORMANCENINETYFIVEPAVEMENTSECTIONSLOCATEDINFOURMAJORCLIMATICREGIONSWERETHOROUGHLYEVALUATEDTHEFOLLOWINGCONCLUSIONS,WHICHPROVIDESOMEREVEALINGINSIGHTSINTOPAVEMENTPERFORMANCE,AREABSTRACTEDFROMTHEREPORTSMITHETAL,1990ASLABTHICKNESSTHEEFFECTOFSLABTHICKNESSONPAVEMENTPERFORMANCEWASSIGNIFICANTITWASFOUNDTHATINCREASINGSLABTHICKNESSREDUCEDTRANSVERSEANDLONGITUDINALCRACKINGINALLCASESTHISEFFECTWASMUCHMOREPRONOUNCEDFORTHINNERSLABSTHANFORTHICKERSLABSITWASNOTPOSSIBLETOCOMPARETHEPERFORMANCEOFTHETHINNERSLABSANDTHETHICKERSLABSDIRECTLY,BECAUSETHETHICKSLABSWEREALLCONSTRUCTEDDIRECTLYONTHESUBGRADEANDTHETHINNERSLABSWEREALLCONSTRUCTEDONABASECOURSEINCREASINGTHETHICKNESSOFSLABDIDNOTAPPEARTOREDUCEJOINTSPALLINGORJOINTFAULTINGTHICKSLABSPLACEDDIRECTLYONTHESUBGRADE,ESPECIALLYINWETCLIMATESANDEXPOSEDTOHEAVYTRAFFIC,FAULTEDASMUCHASTHINSLABSCONSTRUCTEDONABASECOURSEBASETYPEBASETYPES,INCLUDINGBASE/SLABINTERFACEFRICTION,BASESTIFFNESS,BASEERODIBILITY,ANDBASEPERMEABILITY,SEEMEDTOHAVEAGREATEFFECTONTHEPERFORMANCEOFJOINTEDCONCRETEPAVEMENTSTHEMAJORPERFORMANCEINDICATORS,WHICHWEREAFFECTEDBYVARIATIONSINBASETYPE,WERETRANSVERSEANDLONGITUDINALCRACKING,JOINTSPALLING,ANDFAULTINGTHEWORSTPERFORMINGBASETYPE,CONSISTEDOFTHECEMENTTREATEDORSOILCEMENTBASES,WHICHTENDEDTOEXHIBITEXCESSIVEPUMPING,FAULTING,ANDCRACKINGTHISISMOSTLIKELYDUETOTHEIMPERVIOUSNATUREOFTHEBASE,WHICHTRAPSMOISTUREANDYETCANBREAKDOWNANDCONTRIBUTETOTHEMOVEMENTOFFINESBENEATHTHESLABTHEUSEOFLEANCONCRETEBASESGENERALLYPRODUCEDPOORPERFORMANCELARGECURLINGANDWARPINGSTRESSESHAVEBEENASSOCIATEDWITHSLABSCONSTRUCTEDOVERLEANANEXAMINATIONOFTHESTIFFNESSOFFOUNDATIONWASMADETHROUGHTHEUSEOFTHERADIUSOFRELATIVESTIFFNESS,FGENERALLYSPEAKING,WHENTHERATIOL/E,WHERELISTHELENGTHOFSLAB,WASGREATERTHAN5,TRANSVERSECRACKINGOCCURREDMOREFREQUENTLYTHISFACTORWASFURTHEREXAMINEDFORDIFFERENTBASETYPESITWASFOUNDTHATSTIFFERBASECOURSESREQUIREDSHORTERJOINTSPACINGSTOREDUCEORELIMINATETRANSVERSECRACKINGREINFORCEMENTTHEAMOUNTOFSTEELREINFORCEMENTAPPEAREDTOHAVEANEFFECTINCONTROLLINGTHEAMOUNTOFDETERIORATEDTRANSVERSECRACKINGPAVEMENTSECTIONSWITHLESSTHAN01REINFORCINGSTEELOFTENDISPLAYEDSIGNIFICANTDETERIORATEDTRANSVERSECRACKINGAMINIMUMOF01REINFORCINGSTEELISTHEREFORERECOMMENDED,WITHLARGERAMOUNTSREQUIREDFORMORESEVERECLIMATEANDLONGERSLABSJOINTORIENTATIONCONVENTIONALWISDOMHASITTHATSKEWEDJOINTSPREVENTTHEAPPLICATIONOFTWOWHEELLOADSTOTHEJOINTATTHESAMETIMEANDTHUSCANREDUCELOADASSOCIATEDDISTRESSESTHERESULTSFROMTHELIMITEDSAMPLESIZEINTHISSTUDYWEREAMBIGUOUS,BUTALLOFTHENONDOWELEDSECTIONSWITHSKEWEDJOINTSHADALOWERPSRTHANSIMILARDESIGNSWITHPERPENDICULARJOINTSTHEAVAILABLEDATAPROVIDENODEFINITECONCLUSIONSONTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFSKEWINGTRANSVERSEJOINTSFORNONDOWELEDSLABSSKEWEDJOINTSARENOTBELIEVEDTOPROVIDEANYBENEFITTODOWELEDSLABSLOADTRANSFERDOWELBARSWEREFOUNDTOBEEFFECTIVEINREDUCINGTHEAMOUNTOFJOINTFAULTINGWHENCOMPAREDWITHNONDOWELEDSECTIONSOFCOMPARABLEDESIGNSTHEDIAMETEROFDOWELSHADANEFFECTONPERFORMANCE,BECAUSELARGERDIAMETERBARSPROVIDEDBETTERLOADTRANSFERANDCONTROLOFFAULTINGUNDERHEAVYTRAFFICTHANDIDSMALLERDOWELSITAPPEAREDTHATAMINIMUMDOWELDIAMETEROF125IN32MMWASNECESSARYTOPROVIDEGOODPERFORMANCENONDOWELEDJPCPSLABSGENERALLYDEVELOPEDSIGNIFICANTFAULTING,REGARDLESSOFPAVEMENTDESIGNORCLIMATETHISEFFECTWASSOMEWHATMITIGATEDBYTHEUSEOFPERMEABLEBASESHOWEVER,THESECTIONSINTHISGROUPHADAMUCHLOWERNUMBEROFACCUMULATEDESAL,SONODEFINITECONCLUSIONSCANBEDRAWNYETDOWELBARCOATINGSCORROSIONRESISTANTCOATINGSARENEEDEDTOPROTECTDOWELSFROMTHEADVERSEEFFECTSOFMOISTUREANDDEICINGCHEMICALSWHILEMOSTOFTHESECTIONSINTHISSTUDYDIDNOTCONTAINCORROSIONRESISTANTDOWELBARS,THOSETHATDIDGENERALLYEXHIBITEDENHANCEDPERFORMANCEVERYLITTLEDETERIORATEDTRANSVERSECRACKINGWASIDENTIFIEDONTHESESECTIONSINFACT,ONESECTIONINNEWJERSEYWITHSTAINLESSSTEELCLADDOWELBARSWASPERFORMINGSATISFACTORILYAFTER36YEARSOFSERVICELONGITUDINALJOINTDESIGNTHELONGITUDINALJOINTDESIGNWASFOUNDTOBEACRITICALDESIGNELEMENTBOTHINADEQUATEFORMINGTECHNIQUESANDINSUFFICIENTDEPTHSOF

簡介：2017中考英語句子翻譯專項訓(xùn)練中考英語句子翻譯專項訓(xùn)練1他們正在討論如何處理這個問題。THEYAREDISCUSSINGHOWTODEALWITHTHISPROBLEM2他習(xí)慣和朋友通過微信來交流。HEISUSEDTOCOMMUNICATINGWITHFRIENDSONTHEWECHAT3為什么不上網(wǎng)搜尋一下信息呢WHYDON’TYOU/WHYNOTSEARCHFORINFORMATIONONTHEINTERNET4這次，你最好不要拒絕參加這次會議。THISTIME,YOU’DBETTERNOTREFUSETOATTENDTHEMEETING5你介意和我一起編首曲子嗎DOYOUMINDMAKINGUPAPIECEOFMUSICWITHME6我忍不住吃光了所有的水果沙拉。ICOULDN’TSTOP/HELPEATINGUPALLTHEFRUITSALAD7在工作中我們應(yīng)該盡力避免犯同樣的錯誤。WESHOULDTRYOURBESTNOTTOMAKETHESAMEMISTAKEINOURWORK8對于我們而言，學(xué)會和他人緊密合作是必要的。ITISNECESSARYFORUSTOLEARNTOWORKCLOSELYWITHOTHERS9自從她去了國外后，你們彼此還保持聯(lián)系嗎DOYOUKEEPINTOUCHWITHEACHOTHERAFTERSHEWENTABROAD10請警告他不要在離開時任由水龍頭一直開著。PLEASEWARNHIMNOTTOLEAVETHATAPRUNNINGWHENLEAVING11你知道歷史上第一只風(fēng)箏是由木頭做成的嗎DOYOUKNOWTHATTHEFIRSTKITEINHISTORYWASMADEOFWOOD12依靠你自己是多么有意義啊HOWMEANINGFULITISTODEPENDONYOURSELF13我們應(yīng)該幫助殘疾人而不是僅僅同情他們。WESHOULDHELPDISABLEDPEOPLEINSTEADOFONLYHAVINGPITYONTHEM14眾所周知選擇公共交通工具將有助于減少空氣污染。ITISWELLKNOWNTHATCHOOSINGPUBLICTRANSPORTWILLHELPREDUCEAIRPOLLUTION15人類已經(jīng)意識到保護野生動物的重要性了嗎HAVEHUMANSREALIZEDTHEIMPORTANCEOFPROTECTINGWILDANIMALS16他在向我解釋病毒已經(jīng)使一切都出錯了。HEISEXPLAININGTOMETHATTHEVIRUSHASMADEEVERYTHINGGOWRONG17為了寫下你所見的東西，請隨身帶好筆記本。TAKEANOTEBOOKWITHYOUINORDERTOWRITEDOWNWHATYOUSEE18這個科學(xué)家正忙于在公共場合做演講。THESCIENTISTISBUSYMAKINGSPEECHESINPUBLIC19我想知道你是否可以用英語描述一下你的日常生活。IWONDERIFYOUCANDESCRIBEYOURDAILYLIFEINENGLISH20環(huán)境污染如此嚴(yán)重，以致導(dǎo)致了各種疾病。THEENVIRONMENTPOLLUTIONWASSOSERIOUSTHATITLEDTODIFFERENTKINDSOFDISEASES21他建議我們接受新挑戰(zhàn)并三思而行。HEADVISEDUSTOTAKEONNEWCHALLENGESANDTHINKTWICEBEFORETAKINGACTION43莫言在50多歲時被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。MOYANWASPRESENTEDWITHTHENOBELPRIZEINLITERATUREINHISFIFTIES44他的父母別無辦法，只能承諾幫助他。HISPARENTSHAVENOCHOICEBUTTOPROMISETOHELPHIM45我懷疑他是否撒謊，并且是否值得和他談一談。IDOUBTWHETHERHEISTELLINGALIEANDWORTHTALKINGWITH46現(xiàn)在，由于空氣污染，許多人寧愿住在鄉(xiāng)下。NOWADAYS,MANYPEOPLEWOULDRATHERLIVEINTHECOUNTRYBECAUSEOFAIRPOLLUTION47每當(dāng)我們難以做出決策時，總盼望著您寶貴的意見。WEALWAYSLOOKFORWARDTOYOURVALUABLEADVICEWHENEVERWEHAVEDIFFICULTYMAKINGADECISION48我父母不允許我熬夜。IAMNOTALLOWEDTOSTAYUPLATEBYMYPARENTS49他不斷練習(xí)并且在英語上取得了進步。HEKEEPSONPRACTISINGANDMAKESPROGRESSINENGLISH50這位發(fā)明家從不灰心，最終成功地發(fā)明了這個最新的機器人。THISINVENTORNEVERLOSTHEARTANDSUCCEEDEDININVENTINGTHISUPTODATEROBOTATLAST51這位老師經(jīng)常鼓勵孩子們改善他們的發(fā)音。THETEACHEROFTENENCOURAGESTHECHILDRENTOIMPROVETHEIRPRONUNCIATION52這個女孩不僅對音樂感興趣，而且有舞蹈天賦。THEGIRLNOTONLYSHOWSANINTERESTINMUSICBUTALSOHASAGIFTFORDANCING53這位藝術(shù)家直到去世后才因他的藝術(shù)品而聞名。THEARTISTWASN’TFAMOUSFORHISWORKSOFARTUNTILHEPASSEDAWAY54去年他很自豪地為有線電視新聞網(wǎng)現(xiàn)場報道了這場比賽。HEWASPROUDTOCOVERTHEMATCHLIVEFORCNNLASTYEAR55除非你工作達到高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，否則你會落后的。YOUWILLFALLBEHINDUNLESSYOUWORKTOAHIGHSTANDARD56他看上去很不高興。沒有人知道這個訪談節(jié)目讓他想起了誰。HELOOKSUNHAPPY,NOBODYKNOWSWHOTHECHATSHOWREMINDSHIMOF57令我驚訝地是，所有人都堅持認為這位作家和謀殺有關(guān)。TOMYSURPRISE,ALLTHEPEOPLEINSISTTHATTHEWRITERHASSOMETHINGTODOWITHTHEMURDER58張藝謀是一位如此天生的導(dǎo)演，以致他在電影界起著重要作用。ZHANGYIMOUISSUCHABORNDIRECTORTHATHEPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINTHEFILMINDUSTRY59成龍已經(jīng)花了很多年的時間參加許多的慈善活動，JACKIECHANHASSPENTMANYYEARSTAKINGPARTINMANYCHARITYACTIVITIES60風(fēng)雨雷電會阻止飛機準(zhǔn)時起飛。THURDERANDLIGHTNINGSTORMWILLSTOPTHEPLANETAKINGOFFONTIME61女孩子從來不會嫌衣服多，因為她們希望吸引他人的關(guān)注。GIRLSCANNEVERHAVETOOMANYCLOTHES,FORTHEYHOPETOATTRACTOTHERS’ATTENTION62在古鎮(zhèn)的中心有上百棵老樹。THEREAREHUNDREDSOFTREESINTHEMIDDLEOFTHEANCIENTTOWN63這位女演員為了獲得這個獎每天都花五個半小時練習(xí)舞蹈嗎DOESITTAKETHEACTRESSFIVEHOURSANDAHALFTOPRACTICEDANCINGEVERYDAYTOWINTHEPRIZE64眾所周知現(xiàn)在老人的數(shù)量正變得越來越多。ITISKNOWNTHATTHENUMBEROFTHEOLDPEOPLEISGETTINGLARGERANDLARGERNOW

簡介：顧家北翻譯聯(lián)系顧家北翻譯聯(lián)系100100句翻譯1經(jīng)常做運動會提高人的自信錯誤的句子EXERCISEREGULARLYCANRISEONESCONFIDENCE錯誤1EXERCISE如果這里是動詞，應(yīng)該用動名詞，如果是名詞，不能用副詞修飾錯誤2RISE不及物動詞正確的句子REGULAREXERCISECANINCREASEONESSELFCONFIDENCE句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語及物動詞賓語CONFIDENCE可以用定語從句擴充PARTICIPATINGINSPORTSFREQUENTLYCANBOOSTPEOPLESCONFIDENCE,WHICHISIMPORTANTNOTONLYTOTHEYOUTHBUTALSOTOTHEELDERLY注不可以說“REGULARDOINGEXERCISE”，因為形容詞REGULAR不可以修飾DOING中文經(jīng)常參加體育活動能夠提高人們的自信心，這不但對年輕人而且對老人很重要。翻譯2教學(xué)的質(zhì)量對學(xué)生成績有很大的影響。錯誤的句子TEACHINGQUALITIESAREIMPORTANTTOSTUDENTSIMPROVEACADEMICPERFORMANCE錯誤1QUALITY表示質(zhì)量的時候不可數(shù)錯誤2TO是介詞，后面不用加句子正確的句子THEQUALITYOFTEACHINGCANMAKEAHUGEDIFFERENCETOSTUDENTS’ACADEMICPERFORMANCE中文家長和老師應(yīng)該努力去減少孩子看電視的時間，這樣會保護孩子的視力，鼓勵他們做戶外運動。翻譯4經(jīng)濟的下滑（ECONOMICSLOWDOWN）導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率的上升錯誤的句子ECONOMICSLOWDOWNMADETHECLIMBINGUNEMPLOYMENTRATE錯誤1不要用過去時錯誤2用不定冠詞好一點，因為正在上升的失業(yè)率一般不可能是唯一的。正確的句子ECONOMICSLOWDOWNHASLEDTOACLIMBINGUNEMPLOYMENTRATE句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語及物動詞賓語拓展的句子ECONOMICSLOWDOWNHASLEDTOACLIMBINGUNEMPLOYMENTRATE,INVIEWOFTHEFACTTHATEMPLOYERSARERELUCTANTTORECRUITNEWEMPLOYEESSOASTOCUTOVERHEAD錯誤可能產(chǎn)生歧義，”RECRUITNEWEMPLOYEES”是雇傭，“RELUCTANTTORECRUITNEWEMPLOYEES”是不愿意雇用。到底是哪個事情導(dǎo)致“CUTOVERHEAD”正確的句子ECONOMICSLOWDOWNHASLEDTOACLIMBINGUNEMPLOYMENTRATEBECAUSEEMPLOYERSINTENDTOCUTOVERHEADSANDREFUSETORECRUITNEWEMPLOYEES中文經(jīng)濟下滑已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，因為雇主打算裁員而且拒絕雇用新員工。另外一個豆瓣的學(xué)生寫的句子也不錯，我發(fā)出來ECONOMICSLOWDOWNHASLEDTOACLIMBINGUNEMPLOYMENTRATE,ASPEOPLEBALKATSTARTINGUPNEWBUSINESSESANDANUMBEROFGIANTCOMPANIESDOWNSIZETHEIRWORKFORCE中文經(jīng)濟下滑已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，因為人們對開展新失業(yè)猶豫不決，而且很多大公司裁員。翻譯5經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展需要年輕的勞動者

簡介：外文資料原文SOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTSANDDESIGNMETHODOLOGIESDURINGTHE1960S,MAINFRAMESANDHIGHERLEVELPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESWEREAPPLIEDTOMANYPROBLEMSINCLUDINGHUMANRESOURCESYSTEMS,RESERVATIONSYSTEMS,ANDMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMSCOMPUTERSANDSOFTWAREWERESEENASTHECUREALLFORMANYBUSINESSISSUESWERESOMETIMESAPPLIEDBLINDLYSYSTEMSSOMETIMESFAILEDTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMFORWHICHTHEYWEREDESIGNEDFORMANYREASONSINCLUDINGINABILITYTOSUFFICIENTLYUNDERSTANDCOMPLEXPROBLEMSNOTSUFFICIENTLYTAKINGINTOACCOUNTENDUSERNEEDS,THEORGANIZATIONALENVIRONMENT,ANDPERFORMANCETRADEOFFSINABILITYTOACCURATELYESTIMATEDEVELOPMENTTIMEANDOPERATIONALCOSTSLACKOFFRAMEWORKFORCONSISTENTANDREGULARCUSTOMERCOMMUNICATIONSATTHISTIME,THECONCEPTOFSTRUCTUREDPROGRAMMING,TOPDOWNDESIGN,STEPWISEREFINEMENT，ANDMODULARITYEMERGEDSTRUCTUREDPROGRAMMINGISSTILLTHEMOSTDOMINANTAPPROACHTOSOFTWAREENGINEERINGANDISSTILLEVOLVINGTHESEFAILURESLEDTOTHECONCEPTOF“SOFTWAREENGINEERING“BASEDUPONTHEIDEATHATANENGINEERINGLIKEDISCIPLINECOULDBEAPPLIEDTOSOFTWAREDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTSOFTWAREDESIGNISAPROCESSWHERETHESOFTWAREDESIGNERAPPLIESTECHNIQUESANDPRINCIPLESTOPRODUCEACONCEPTUALMODELTHATDESCRIBESANDDEFINESASOLUTIONTOAPROBLEMINTHEBEGINNING,THISDESIGNPROCESSHASNOTBEENWELLSTRUCTUREDANDTHEMODELDOESNOTALWAYSACCURATELYREPRESENTTHEPROBLEMOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTHOWEVER,DESIGNMETHODOLOGIESHAVEBEENEVOLVINGTOACCOMMODATECHANGESINTECHNOLOGYCOUPLEDWITHOURINCREASEDUNDERSTANDINGOFDEVELOPMENTPROCESSESWHEREASEARLYDESIGNMETHODSADDRESSEDSPECIFICASPECTSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESS,CURRENTMETHODSATTEMPTTOADDRESSTHEENTIRESCOPEOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTSOFTWAREDESIGNMETHODSAREOFTENCLASSIFIEDINREFERENCETOTHEPERIODINWHICHTHEYWEREINTRODUCEDANDTHEPROBLEMSATTHATTIMEDRIVENBYCODINGANDTESTINGPROBLEMS,3IMPLEMENTATION,TESTING,ANDMAINTENANCETHISTHOUGHTPROCESSISINADEQUATEFORTODAYSCOMPLEXINFORMATIONSYSTEMSASTHEDEMANDFORSOFTWAREISGROWINGMUCHFASTERTHANTHENUMBEROFDEVELOPERS,ADHERINGTOCONVENTIONALTECHNIQUESSUCHASTHEWATERFALLMETHODREQUIRESTOOMUCHTIME,TOOMANYPEOPLE,ANDISDIFFICULTTOMANAGEHENCE,MANYNEWSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGIESHAVEARISENNEWLYDEVELOPEDPRACTICESANDMODELSDONOTATTEMPTTOSEPARATEPHASESOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENT,SUCHASSPECIFICATIONANDIMPLEMENTATION,BUTINSTEADFOCUSONTHECONCEPTOFPROGRAMTRANSFORMATIONTHROUGHSTEPWISEREFINEMENTANDITERATION1、OBJECTORIENTEDTECHNOLOGYOBJECTORIENTEDOOSOFTWAREDESIGNTECHNOLOGYISFUNDAMENTALLYDIFFERENTFROMTHETRADITIONALMETHODSDESCRIBEDABOVEWITHTRADITIONALMETHODS,EACHMODULEISRECOGNIZEDAMAJORSTEPINTHEOVERALLPROCESSANDTHEPROCESSGOESFROMONESTEPTOTHENEXTONTHEOTHERHAND,OODESIGNISSTRUCTUREDAROUNDAMODELOFOBJECTSANDTHEFUNCTIONSTHEYPERFORMOOPROGRAMMINGCANBETRACEDTOTHESIMULATIONLANGUAGESIMULA,AHIGHLEVELLANGUAGEDEVELOPEDINTHELATE60STHATINTRODUCEDOBJECTCLASSESASAMETHODTOENCAPSULATEDATALATER,INTHE1970S,SMALLTALKWASINTRODUCEDASACOMPLETEGRAPGHDESIGNANDCODINGASDETAILISADDEDTOTHEDESIGNTHISPROVIDESACOMMONLANGUAGETHROUGHOUTEACHSTAGEINDEVELOPMENTOOISBESTAPPLIEDWITHSPECIFICALLYDESIGNEDOODEVELOPMENTTOOLS,BUTITISIMPORTANTTOREMEMBERTHATASAMETHODOLOGYISITNOTSPECIFICTOANYPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEMANYDIFFERENTPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESCANBEUSEDTOIMPLEMENT00TECHNOLOGYANDDESIGNMETHODOLOGIESINSTEADOFPROCEDURESANDFUNCTIONSPASSINGDATABACKANDFORTH,INOBJECTORIENTEDDESIGN,THESYSTEMISVIEWEDASACOLLECTIONOFOBJECTSWITHMESSAGESPASSEDFROMOBJECTTOOBJECTEACHOBJECTHASITSOWNSETOFASSOCIATEDOPERATIONSOBJECTORIENTEDDESIGNISBASEDONTHEIDEAOFINFORMATIONHIDINGANDMODULARIZATIONOFBOTHDATAANDPROCESSINGITISBESTUSEDWHENNEITHERDATASTRUCTURENORPROCESSINGOPERATIONSAREWELLDEFINEDAHEADOFTIMETHISISQUITEUSEFULINTODAYSBUSINESSENVIRONMENTWHEREREQUIREMENTSAREALWAYSCHANGINGANDNOTVERYWELLDEFINEDTHUS,ITHASBECOMEQUITEPOPULARTHECONCEPTOFOBJECTSPERFORMINGSERVICESISANATURALWAYOFTHINKINGFORBOTHDEVELOPERS

簡介：54英文原文SSHISSPRINGSTRUTSHIBERNATEANINTEGRATIONFRAMEWORK,ISONEOFTHEMOREPOPULARAWEBAPPLICATIONFRAMEWORKSPRINGLIGHTWEIGHTFROMTWOASPECTSINTERMSOFSIZEANDCOSTOFTHESPRINGARELIGHTWEIGHTACOMPLETESPRINGFRAMEWORKCANINONESIZEONLY1MBMULTIPLEJARFILESRELEASEDANDSPRINGREQUIREDPROCESSINGOVERHEADISNOTWORTHMENTIONINGINVERSIONOFCONTROLSPRINGTHROUGHAKNOWNASINVERSIONOFCONTROLIOCTECHNOLOGYPROMOTESLOOSECOUPLINGWHENUSINGIOC,ANOBJECTDEPENDONOTHEROBJECTSWILLBEPASSEDINTHROUGHPASSIVEWAY,BUTNOTTHEOBJECTOFITSOWNTOCREATEORFINDADEPENDENTOBJECTYOUCANTHINKOFIOCANDJNDIINSTEADNOTTHEOBJECTFROMTHECONTAINERFORDEPENDENT,BUTINDIFFERENTCONTAINEROBJECTISINITIALIZEDOBJECTREQUESTONOWNINITIATIVEWILLRELYONTOITASPECTORIENTEDPROGRAMMINGSPRINGPROVIDESRICHSUPPORT,ALLOWEDBYSEPARATINGTHEAPPLICATIONSBUSINESSLOGICANDSYSTEMLEVELSERVICECOHESIONDEVELOPMENTAPPLICATIONOBJECTONLYREALIZETHEYSHOULDDOCOMPLETEBUSINESSLOGICTHEYARENOTRESPONSIBLEFOROTHERSYSTEMLEVELCONCERNSCONTAINERSPRINGCONTAINSANDMANAGEMENTAPPLICATIONOBJECTCONFIGURATIONANDLIFECYCLE,INTHISSENSE,ITISAKINDOFCONTAINER,YOUCANCONFIGUREEACHOFYOURBEANTOBECREATEDBASEDONARECONFIGURABLEPROTOTYPEPROTOTYPE,YOURBEANCANCREATEASINGLEINSTANCEOREVERYTIMEWHENTHEYARENEEDEDTOGENERATEANEWEXAMPLESANDHOWTHEYAREINTERRELATEDHOWEVER,SPRINGSHOULDNOTBECONFUSEDWITHTHETRADITIONALHEAVYWEIGHTEJBCONTAINER,THEYAREOFTENLARGEANDUNWIELDY,DIFFICULTTOUSESTRUTSSTRUTSONMODEL,VIEWANDCONTROLLERAREPROVIDEDWITHTHECORRESPONDINGCOMPONENTSACTIONSERVLET,THISISSTRUTSCORECONTROLLER,RESPONSIBLEFORINTERCEPTINGTHEREQUESTFROMTHEUSERACTION,THISCLASSISTYPICALLYPROVIDEDBYTHEUSER,THECONTROLLERRECEIVESFROMTHEACTIONSERVLETREQUEST,ANDACCORDINGTOTHEREQUESTTOCALLTHEMODELBUSINESSLOGICMETHODTOPROCESSINGTHEREQUEST,ANDTHERESULTSWILLBERETURNEDTOTHEJSPPAGEDISPLAY56中文翻譯中文翻譯SSH為SPRINGSTRUTSHIBERNATE的一個集成框架，是目前較流行的一種WEB應(yīng)用程序開源框架。SPRING輕量從大小與開銷兩方面而言SPRING都是輕量的。完整的SPRING框架可以在一個大小只有1MB多的JAR文件里發(fā)布。并且SPRING所需的處理開銷也是微不足道的?？刂品崔D(zhuǎn)SPRING通過一種稱作控制反轉(zhuǎn)（IOC）的技術(shù)促進了松耦合。當(dāng)應(yīng)用了IOC，一個對象依賴的其它對象會通過被動的方式傳遞進來，而不是這個對象自己創(chuàng)建或者查找依賴對象。你可以認為IOC與JNDI相反不是對象從容器中查找依賴，而是容器在對象初始化時不等對象請求就主動將依賴傳遞給它。面向切面SPRING提供了面向切面編程的豐富支持，允許通過分離應(yīng)用的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯與系統(tǒng)級服務(wù)進行內(nèi)聚性的開發(fā)。應(yīng)用對象只實現(xiàn)它們應(yīng)該做的完成業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。它們并不負責(zé)其它的系統(tǒng)級關(guān)注點。容器SPRING包含并管理應(yīng)用對象的配置和生命周期，在這個意義上它是一種容器，你可以配置你的每個BEAN如何被創(chuàng)建基于一個可配置原型（PROTOTYPE），你的BEAN可以創(chuàng)建一個單獨的實例或者每次需要時都生成一個新的實例以及它們是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。然而，SPRING不應(yīng)該被混同于傳統(tǒng)的重量級的EJB容器，它們經(jīng)常是龐大與笨重的，難以使用。STRUTSSTRUTS對MODEL，VIEW和CONTROLLER都提供了對應(yīng)的組件。ACTIONSERVLET，這個類是STRUTS的核心控制器，負責(zé)攔截來自用戶的請求。ACTION，這個類通常由用戶提供，該控制器負責(zé)接收來自ACTIONSERVLET的請求，并根據(jù)該請求調(diào)用模型的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯方法處理請求，并將處理結(jié)果返回給JSP頁面顯示。MODEL部分部分由ACTIONFORM和JAVABEAN組成，其中ACTIONFORM用于封裝用戶的請求參數(shù)，封裝成ACTIONFORM對象，該對象被ACTIONSERVLET轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給ACTION，ACTION根據(jù)ACTIONFROM里面的請求參數(shù)處理用戶的請求。

簡介：優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載桃花源記陶淵明正文晉太元中，武陵人捕魚為業(yè)。緣溪行，忘路之遠近。忽逢桃花林，夾岸數(shù)百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛，漁人甚異之。復(fù)前行，欲窮其林。林盡水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，從口入。初極狹，才通人。復(fù)行數(shù)十步，豁然開朗。土地平曠，屋舍儼然，有良田美池桑竹之屬。阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來種作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黃發(fā)垂髫，并怡然自樂。見漁人，乃大驚，問所從來。具答之。便要還家，設(shè)酒殺雞作食。村中聞有此人，咸來問訊。自云先世避秦時亂，率妻子邑人來此絕境，不復(fù)出焉，遂與外人間隔。問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。此人一一為具言所聞，皆嘆惋。余人各復(fù)延至其家，皆出酒食。停數(shù)日，辭去。此中人語云“不足為外人道也?！奔瘸觯闷浯?，便扶向路，處處志之。及郡下，詣太守，說如此。太守即遣人隨其往，尋向所志，遂迷，不復(fù)得路。南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然規(guī)往。未果，尋病終，后遂無問津者。譯文東晉太元年間，武陵有個人以打漁為生。（一天）他沿著溪水劃船，忘記了路程的遠近。忽然遇到一片桃林，在小溪兩岸幾百步之內(nèi)，中間沒有別的樹，芳香的青草鮮艷美麗，地上的落花繁多交雜。漁人對此感到十分奇怪。便繼續(xù)往前走，想要走到林子的盡頭。桃林的盡頭就是溪水的源頭，漁人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座小山，山上有個小洞口，洞里隱隱約約的好像有點光亮。（漁人）便舍棄了船，從洞口進去。最初，山洞很狹窄，只容一個人通過；又走了幾十步，突然變得開闊明亮了。（呈現(xiàn)在漁人眼前的是）一片平坦寬廣的土地，一排排整齊的房舍，還有肥沃的田地、美麗的池塘，有桑樹、竹林這類的植物。田間小路交錯相通，雞鳴狗吠的聲音此起彼伏。在田野里來來往往耕種勞作的人們，男女的穿著打扮和外面的人都一樣。老人和小孩，都怡然并自得其樂。（村里的人）看見了漁人，感到非常驚訝，問他是從哪兒來的。（漁人）把自己知道的事都詳細的一一作了回答。村中人就邀請漁人到自己家里去，擺了酒、殺了雞做飯來款待他。村子里的人聽說來了這么一個人，都來打聽消息。他們自己說他們的祖先為了躲避秦時的戰(zhàn)亂，領(lǐng)著妻子兒女和鄉(xiāng)鄰們來到這個與世人隔絕的地方，不再從這里出去，所以跟桃花源外面的人斷絕了來往。（這里的人）問如今是什么朝代，他們竟然不知道有過漢朝，更不用說魏、晉兩朝了。漁人把自己所知道的事一一詳細地告訴了他們。聽完，他們都感嘆惋惜。其余的人各自又把漁人邀請到自己家中，拿出酒菜來款待他。漁人逗留了幾天后，向村里人告辭。村里的人告訴他“（這里的情況）不值得對外面的人說啊?！保O人）出來以后，找到了他的船，就順著來時的路回去，處處都做了記號。他到了郡城，去拜見太守，說了這番經(jīng)歷。太守立即派人跟著他去，尋找先前所做的記號，最終迷路了，再也找不到通往桃花源的路了。南陽有個名叫劉子驥的人，是位高尚的讀書人，他聽到這個消息，高興地計劃著前往桃花源。但是沒有實現(xiàn)，他不久就病死了。后來就再也沒有探訪桃花源的人了。陋室銘劉禹錫正文山不在高，有仙則名。水不在深，有龍則靈。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上階綠，草色入簾青。談笑有鴻儒，往來無白丁?？梢哉{(diào)素琴，閱金經(jīng)。無絲竹之亂耳，無案牘之勞優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載譯文明朝有一個）有特殊技藝（技藝精巧）的人名字叫王叔遠。（他）能用直徑一寸的木頭，雕刻出宮殿、器具、人物，還有飛鳥、走獸、樹木、石頭，沒有一件不是根據(jù)木頭原來的樣子模擬那些東西的形狀，各有各的神情姿態(tài)。（他）曾經(jīng)送給我一個用桃核雕刻成的小船，刻的是蘇軾乘船游赤壁（的情形）。船頭到船尾大約長八分多一點，大約有兩個黃米粒那么高。中間高起而開敞的部分是船艙，用箬竹葉做的船篷覆蓋著它。旁邊有小窗，左右各四扇，一共八扇。打開窗戶來看，雕刻著花紋的欄桿左右相對。關(guān)上窗戶，就看到一副對聯(lián)，右邊刻著“山高月小，水落石出”八個字，左邊刻著“清風(fēng)徐來，水波不興”八個字，用石青涂在字的凹處。船頭坐著三個人，中間戴著高高的帽子，胡須濃密的人是蘇東坡（蘇軾），佛?。ㄌK軾的好友）位于右邊，魯直黃庭堅位于左邊。蘇東坡、黃魯直共同看著一幅書畫長卷。蘇東坡右手拿著卷的右端，左手輕按在魯直的背上。魯直左手拿著卷的左端，右手指著手卷，好像在說些什么。蘇東坡露出右腳，魯直露出左腳，（身子都）略微側(cè)斜，他們互相靠近的兩膝，都被遮蔽在手卷下邊的衣褶里（意思是說，從衣褶上可以看出相并的兩膝的輪廓）佛印極像佛教的彌勒菩薩，袒著胸脯，露出乳頭，抬頭仰望，神情和蘇東坡、魯直不相類似。佛印臥倒右膝，彎曲著右臂支撐在船上，豎著他的左膝，左臂上掛著一串念珠，靠在左膝上念珠簡直可以清清楚楚地數(shù)出來。船尾橫放著一支船槳。船槳的左右兩邊各有一名撐船的人。位于右邊的撐船者梳著椎形發(fā)髻，仰著臉，左手倚著一根橫木上，右手扳著右腳趾頭，好像在大聲呼喊的樣子。在左邊的人右手拿著一把蒲葵扇，左手輕按著火爐，爐上有一把水壺，那個人的眼光正視著（茶爐），神色平靜，好像在聽茶水聲音似的。船的背面較平，作者在上面提上自己的名字，文字是“天啟壬戌秋日，虞山王毅叔遠甫刻”，筆畫像蚊子的腳一樣細小，清清楚楚，它的顏色是黑的。還刻著一枚篆書圖章，文字是“初平山人”，字的顏色是紅的?？傆嬕粭l船，刻了五個人，八扇窗戶；箬竹葉做的船篷、船槳、爐子、茶壺、手卷、念珠各一件；對聯(lián)、題名和篆文，刻的字共計三十四個?？墒怯嬎闼拈L度，還竟然，尚且）不滿一寸。原來是挑選長而窄的桃核雕刻而成的。嘻，技藝也真靈巧奇妙啊大道之行也正文大道之行也，天下為公，選賢與能，講信修睦。故人不獨親其親，不獨子其子，使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，鰥、寡、孤、獨、廢疾者皆有所養(yǎng)，男有分，女有歸。貨惡其棄于地也，不必藏于己；力惡其不出于身也，不必為己。是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。譯文在大道施行的時候，天下是人們所共有的，把品德高尚的人、能干的人選拔出來，講求誠信，培養(yǎng)和睦（氣氛）。所以人們不單奉養(yǎng)自己的父母，不單撫育自己的子女，要使老年人能終其天年，中年人能為社會效力，幼童能順利地成長，使老而無妻的人、老而無夫的人、幼年喪父的孩子、老而無子的人、殘疾人都能得到供養(yǎng)。男子有職務(wù)，女子有歸宿。對于財貨，人們憎恨把它扔在地上的行為，卻不一定要自己私藏；人們都愿意為公眾之事竭盡全力，而不一定為自己謀私利。因此奸邪之謀不會發(fā)生，盜竊、造反和害人的事情不發(fā)生。所以大門都不用關(guān)上了，這叫做理想社會。

簡介：1附錄附錄1外文參考文獻（譯文）外文參考文獻（譯文）JSP內(nèi)置對象有些對象不用聲明就可以在JSP頁面的JAVA程序片和表達式部分使用，這就是JSP的內(nèi)置對象。JSP的內(nèi)置對象有REQUEST、RESPONSE、SESSION、APPLICATION、OUTRESPONSE和REQUEST對象是JSP內(nèi)置對象中較重要的兩個，這兩個對象提供了對服務(wù)器和瀏覽器通信方法的控制。直接討論這兩個對象前，要先對HTTP協(xié)議WORDWIDEWED底層協(xié)議做簡單介紹。WORDWIDEWED是怎樣運行的呢在瀏覽器上鍵入一個正確的網(wǎng)址后，若一切順利，網(wǎng)頁就出現(xiàn)了。使用瀏覽器從網(wǎng)站獲取HTML頁面時，實際在使用超文本傳輸協(xié)議。HTTP規(guī)定了信息在INTERNET上的傳輸方法，特別是規(guī)定吧瀏覽器與服務(wù)器的交互方法。從網(wǎng)站獲取頁面時，瀏覽器在網(wǎng)站上打開了一個對網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的連接，并發(fā)出請求。服務(wù)器收到請求后回應(yīng)，所以HTTP協(xié)議的核心就是“請求和響應(yīng)”。一個典型的請求通常包含許多頭，稱作請求的HTTP頭。頭提供了關(guān)于信息體的附加信息及請求的來源。其中有些頭是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，有些和特定的瀏覽器有關(guān)。一個請求還可能包含信息體，例如，信息體可包含HTML表單的內(nèi)容。在HTML表單上單擊SUBMIT鍵時，該表單使用ACTION”POST”或ACTION”GET”方法，輸入表單的內(nèi)容都被發(fā)送到服務(wù)器上。該表單內(nèi)容就由POST方法或GET方法在請求的信息體中發(fā)送。服務(wù)器發(fā)送請求時，返回HTTP響應(yīng)。響應(yīng)也有某種結(jié)構(gòu)，每個響應(yīng)都由狀態(tài)行開始，可以包含幾個頭及可能的信息體，稱為響應(yīng)的HTTP頭和響應(yīng)信息體，這些頭和信息體由服務(wù)器發(fā)送給客戶的瀏覽器，信息體就是客戶請求的網(wǎng)頁的運行結(jié)果，對于JSP頁面，就是網(wǎng)頁的靜態(tài)信息。用戶可能已經(jīng)熟悉狀態(tài)行，狀態(tài)行說明了正在使用的協(xié)議、狀態(tài)代碼及文本信息。例如，若服務(wù)器請求出錯，則狀態(tài)行返回錯誤及對錯誤描述，比如HTTP/11404OBJECTNOTFOUND。若服務(wù)器成功響應(yīng)了對頁面的請求，3OUT對象是一個輸出流，用來向客戶端輸出數(shù)據(jù)。OUT對象可調(diào)用如下的方法用于各種數(shù)據(jù)的輸出，例如OUTPRINTBOOLEAN,OUTPRINTLNBOOLEAN輸出一個布爾值。OUTPRINTCHAR,OUTPRINTLNCHAR輸出一個布爾值。OUTPRINTDOUBLE,OUTPRINTLNDOUBLE輸出一個布爾值。OUTPRINTFLOAT,OUTPRINTLNFLOAT輸出一個布爾值。OUTPRINTLONG,OUTPRINTLNLONG輸出一個布爾值。OUTPRINTSTRING,OUTPRINTLNSTRING輸出一個布爾值。OUTNEWLINE輸出一個換行符。OUTFLUSH輸出緩沖區(qū)里的內(nèi)容。OUTCLOSE關(guān)閉流。方法PRINTLN和PRINT的區(qū)別是PRINTLN會向緩存區(qū)寫入一個換行，而PRINT不寫入換行。但是瀏覽器的顯示區(qū)域目前不識別PRINTLN寫入的換行，如果希望瀏覽器顯示換行，應(yīng)當(dāng)向瀏覽器寫入實現(xiàn)換行。

簡介：外文翻譯，網(wǎng)上搜索所得基于J2EE在分布式環(huán)境下的底層結(jié)構(gòu)的自動動態(tài)配置的應(yīng)用ANATOLYAKKERMAN,ALEXANDERTOTOK,ANDVIJAYKARAMCHETI摘要摘要為了實現(xiàn)廣域網(wǎng)中符合工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基于組件的應(yīng)用程序中動態(tài)的可適應(yīng)性，我們需要一種框架來在這樣的環(huán)境里自動化地配置J2EE應(yīng)用程序。這種需要對于哪怕在單一的應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)器上嘗試部署J2EE應(yīng)用的人來說也顯而易見，這種任務(wù)設(shè)計到大量的系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和應(yīng)用組件的配置。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞J2EE；動態(tài)配置；分布式；組件；1前言近幾年，我們已經(jīng)看到基于組件的企業(yè)應(yīng)用開發(fā)的顯著增加。這種應(yīng)用程序通常被部署在公司的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)或者是因特網(wǎng)上，以高事務(wù)容量，大量的用戶和覆蓋范圍廣的訪問為特征，它通常會被部署在中央?yún)^(qū)域，采用服務(wù)器集群來均衡負載從而支持用戶下載。但是這種平均負荷的方法被證明只對減少應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的用戶可以察覺的反應(yīng)時間有效，而對于減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的延遲作用不大，垂直分割（例如運行網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和事務(wù)層在不同的虛擬機）被用于錯誤分離和均衡負荷，但是它是不符合實際的由于遠程調(diào)運的大量使用顯著地增加了運行時時間。最近的著作已經(jīng)表明在廣域網(wǎng)中利用垂直負荷而不引起前面所述的超時問題的可行性。那非研究的主要結(jié)論可以概括如下1應(yīng)用合適的應(yīng)用程序，在廣域網(wǎng)中的垂直負荷可以察覺的延遲。2廣域垂直層需要復(fù)制應(yīng)用層組件而且需要維持和原組件間的一致性。3新加的復(fù)制組件可以被動態(tài)配置以滿足新的需要。4事實上，不同的復(fù)制組件可能會根據(jù)應(yīng)用不同的方式實現(xiàn)相組件。5新的請求路徑可以復(fù)用先前的組件配置路徑。應(yīng)用智能監(jiān)視和人工智能規(guī)劃方法再結(jié)合那個研究得出的結(jié)論，我們看到通過動態(tài)布置基于動態(tài)監(jiān)視的額外的應(yīng)用組件，在廣域網(wǎng)中符合工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基于組件的應(yīng)用程序中動態(tài)的可適應(yīng)性是可以實現(xiàn)的。然而，為了實現(xiàn)這種動態(tài)可適性，我們需要一種框架來在這樣的環(huán)境里自動化地配置J2EE應(yīng)用程序。這種需要對于哪怕在單一的應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)器上嘗試布置J2EE應(yīng)用的人來說也顯而易見，這種任務(wù)設(shè)計到大量的系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和應(yīng)用組件的配置。例如你必須在配置和部署應(yīng)用組件前先建立JDBC數(shù)據(jù)源，21介紹組件框架。組件框架是一種中間件系統(tǒng)，它支持遵守一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的有不同組件構(gòu)成的應(yīng)用程序。應(yīng)用組件被塞入這種確立它們運行環(huán)境和規(guī)定它們交互的框架中。這通常是通過容器，組件持有者來實現(xiàn)的。這種容器也提供通常需要的功能以實現(xiàn)命名，安全性，事務(wù)，和持久性組件框架為組件的執(zhí)行提供了一個集成的環(huán)境，因此顯著的減少了在設(shè)計，實現(xiàn)，部署和維護應(yīng)用程序時工作?，F(xiàn)在工業(yè)上的組件框架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以對象管理組的CORBA組件模型，SUN公司的JAVA2PLATFORMJ企業(yè)版J2EE和微軟公司的NET標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中在企業(yè)里應(yīng)用最為廣泛的組件框架是2EEE。J2EEJ2EE是開發(fā)多層企業(yè)應(yīng)用JAVA程序的綜合性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。J2EE規(guī)范定義如下1組件編程模型。2組件和主服務(wù)器的鏈接。3服務(wù)器提供給組件的服務(wù)。4各種各樣的人物角色。5兼容性檢驗裝置和編譯測試程序。在眾多的服務(wù)列表中，消息通信，事務(wù)處理，命名機制和其它應(yīng)用組件用到的服務(wù)是應(yīng)用服務(wù)器必須提供的。用J2EE進行應(yīng)用開發(fā)必須遵守經(jīng)典的3層結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)層，業(yè)務(wù)層和企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)層。屬于各層的J2EE組件在開發(fā)時遵守具體的J2EE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1、表現(xiàn)層或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)層這一層實際上又被分為客戶端和服務(wù)器端?？蛻舳税g覽器，APPLETS，JAVA應(yīng)用程序等和負責(zé)和服務(wù)器端的表現(xiàn)層或者業(yè)務(wù)層進行交互。服務(wù)器端包括SERVLET、JSP和靜態(tài)網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容。這些組件負責(zé)把業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給終端用戶。數(shù)據(jù)本身通常從業(yè)務(wù)層獲得有時也從企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)層直接獲得。表現(xiàn)層的服務(wù)器端通常通過HTTP協(xié)議來進行訪問。2、業(yè)務(wù)層或者EJB層這一層包含EJB，即企業(yè)應(yīng)用的事務(wù)邏輯模型。這些組件提供了持久化機制和事務(wù)支持。EJB中的組件通過RMI被調(diào)用。在JAVA虛擬機調(diào)用或者異步的消息傳遞，取決與EJB組件的類型。EJB規(guī)范定義了很多種組件。它們在調(diào)用風(fēng)格（同步和異步，本地和遠程）與狀態(tài)（完全狀態(tài)，不可持久狀態(tài)，可持久）方面不同。同步調(diào)用的EJB組件通過特定的工廠代理對象來表現(xiàn)自己。這種工廠代理對象通常被EJB部署者

簡介：外文翻譯INTRODUCTIONOFVISUALBASIC60VISUALBASIC,LISTEDVB,MICROSOFTCORPORATIONTOLAUNCHAWINDOWSAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTTOOLISTHEWORLDSMOSTWIDELYUSEDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE,ITWASGENERALLYACKNOWLEDGEDTOBETHEMOSTEFFICIENTPROGRAMMINGOFAPROGRAMMINGMETHODWHETHERTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPOWERFUL,RELIABLEPERFORMANCEOFTHEBUSINESSSOFTWARE,ORCANBEPREPAREDTODEALWITHTHEPRACTICALPROBLEMSOFSMALLPRACTICALPROCEDURESVISUALBASIC60ISTHEQUICKEST,MOSTCONVENIENTWAYWHATISVISUALBASIC60“VISUAL“REFERSTOTHEUSEOFVISUALIZATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACEGUI,GENERALLYDONOTNEEDTOPREPAREALARGENUMBEROFCODEINTERFACEELEMENTSTODESCRIBETHEAPPEARANCEANDLOCATION,ANDASLONGASNECESSARYTODRAGANDDROPCONTROLSONTHESCREENTOTHECORRESPONDINGLOCATIONWILLBE“BASIC“REFERSTOTHEBASICLANGUAGE,VISUALBASIC60ISBECAUSETHEORIGINALBASICLANGUAGEDEVELOPEDONTHEBASISOFTHATSOFARINCLUDESHUNDREDSOFPHRASESFUNCTIONANDKEYWORDS,ANDMANYWINDOWSGUIAREDIRECTLYRELATEDPROFESSIONALSCANUSEVISUALBASIC60TOANYOTHERWINDOWSPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEFUNCTION,YOUBEGINNERSANDSEVERALKEYWORDSCANESTABLISHPRACTICALAPPLICATIONVISUALBASIC60PROVIDESALEARNINGVERSION,PROFESSIONALEDITIONANDENTERPRISEEDITIONTOMEETTHENEEDSOFDIFFERENTDEVELOPERSLEARNINGVERSIONENABLESPROGRAMMERSTOEASILYDEVELOPWINDOWSANDWINDOWSNTAPPLICATIONSPROFESSIONALEDITIONFORPROFESSIONALPROGRAMMERSTOPROVIDETHECOMPLETEFUNCTIONSOFDEVELOPMENTTOOLSENTERPRISEEDITIONALLOWSPROFESSIONALSTOFORMTHEGROUPTOCREATEASTRONGDISTRIBUTEDAPPLICATIONS1VISUALBASIC60FEATURESCOMPILINGPROCEDURESSUCHASFUNCTIONALINTEGRATIONPROGRAMDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTIDE5VISUALBASIC60ADAPTATIONINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFWINDOWSTYPEAPPLICATIONVISUALBASIC60SEQUENCECONTAINSALOTOFFUNCTIONS,ORDERSANDKEYWORDS,MOSTWINDOWSGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACERELATED,PROFESSIONALSCANEASILYUSETHEMTODEVELOPPOWERFULWINDOWSAPPLICATION2VISUALBASIC60COMMONINTERNALCONTROLSCONTROLOPTIONSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOCHECKBOXCONTROLCHECKBOXANDTHERADIOBUTTONSCONTROLOPTIONBUTTONCHECKBOXCONTROL,THEGROUPREVEALEDANUMBEROFOPTIONS,PROVIDEDTHESEOPTIONSTRUE,FALSEORYES,NOOPTION,USERSCANCHOOSEWHICHONEORMOREOPTIONBUTTONCONTROLS,THEUSERCANCHOOSESINGLEGROUPOPTIONBUTTONANDCHECKBOXCONTROLSIMILARFUNCTIONS,HOWEVER,THEYALSOEXISTBETWEENTHOSEIMPORTANTDIFFERENCESTHESAMEGROUPS,MAYALSOSELECTMULTIPLECHECKBOXOPTIONSBUTTHEYCANONLYCHOOSEONEOPTIONBUTTONINFRAME,PICTUREBOXFORMCONTAINERSORUSEBOTHOPTIONSCONTROLS,USERSCANUSEGROUP1RADIOBUTTONSCONTROLOPTIONBUTTONINTHEAPPLICATIONPROCESS,SOMETIMESUSERSNEEDSSUCHACHOICESEVERALOPTIONSWERETHEONLYCHOICESPECIES,ANDMUSTMAKEACHOICESEVERALBECAUSEITISMUTUALLYEXCLUSIVETHEN,ONTHENEEDTOUSEOPTIONBUTTONBUTTONSCONTROLFIGURE1ISAGROUPOFBUTTONSCONTROLS,ITONLYALLOWSUSERSINCHOOSINGADRINK,ANDMUSTELECTIONSPECIESCONTROLBUTTONSAREALWAYSAGROUPINTHEFORMOFINACONTROLGROUP,ONLYONEISALWAYSBUTTONSATSELECTEDSTATEIFSELECTEDBYONEOFTHEMTHEREMAININGBUTTONSWILLAUTOMATICALLYREMOVENONSELECTED2CHECKBOXCONTROLCHECKBOXCHECKBOXCONTROLANDOPTIONBUTTONCONTROLSSOMEWHATSIMILAR,BUTTHEUSEOFAVERYDIFFERENT,CHECKBOXCONTROLSTHATWORKINDEPENDENTLYOFEACHOTHER,ANDTHEYSEPARATEDWITHOUTTHESLIGHTESTRELATIONSHIPOFCHECKSANDBALANCESALL

簡介：0LOADERSOVERVIEWBASICCONCEPTALOADERISATYPEOFCONSTRUCTIONEQUIPMENTENGINEERINGVEHICLEMACHINERYTHATISPRIMARILYUSEDTO“LOAD“MATERIALINTOANOTHERTYPEOFMACHINERYDUMPTRUCK,CONVEYORBELT,RAILCAR,ETCLOADERSAREUSEDMAINLYFORUPLOADINGMATERIALSINTOTRUCKS,LAYINGPIPE,CLEARINGRUBBLE,ANDDIGGINGALOADERISNOTTHEMOSTEFFICIENTMACHINEFORDIGGINGASITCANNOTDIGVERYDEEPBELOWTHELEVELOFITSWHEELS,LIKEABACKHOECANTHEIRDEEPBUCKETCANUSUALLYSTOREABOUT36CUBICMETERSOFEARTHTHEFRONTLOADERSBUCKETCAPACITYISMUCHBIGGERTHANABUCKETCAPACITYOFABACKHOELOADERLOADERSARENOTCLASSIFIEDASEARTHMOVINGMACHINERY,ASTHEIRPRIMARYPURPOSEISOTHERTHANEARTHMOVINGUNLIKEMOSTBULLDOZERS,MOSTLOADERSAREWHEELEDANDNOTTRACKED,ALTHOUGHTRACKLOADERSARECOMMONTHEYARESUCCESSFULWHERESHARPEDGEDMATERIALSINCONSTRUCTIONDEBRISWOULDDAMAGERUBBERWHEELS,ORWHERETHEGROUNDISSOFTANDMUDDYWHEELSPROVIDEBETTERMOBILITYANDSPEEDANDDONOTDAMAGEPAVEDROADSASMUCHASTRACKSBUTPROVIDELESSTRACTIONUNLIKESTANDARDTRACTORSFITTEDWITHAFRONTBUCKET,MANYLARGELOADERSDONOTUSEAUTOMOTIVESTEERINGMECHANISMSINSTEAD,THEYSTEERBYAHYDRAULICALLYACTUATEDPIVOTPOINTSETEXACTLYBETWEENTHEFRONTANDREARAXLESTHISISREFERREDTOAS“ARTICULATEDSTEERING“ANDALLOWSTHEFRONTAXLETOBESOLID,ALLOWINGITTOCARRYGREATERWEIGHTARTICULATEDSTEERINGPROVIDESBETTERMANEUVERABILITYFORAGIVENWHEELBASESINCETHEFRONTWHEELSANDATTACHMENTROTATEONTHE21ENGINE；2TORQUECONVERTER；3POWERSHIFTINGTRANSMISSIONBOX；4FRONTAXLE；5CALIPERDISCBRAKE；6WHEEL；7PARKINGBRAKE；8REARAXLE；9GEARSHIFTPUMP；10STEERINGPUMP；11OPERATIONALPUMP；12WHEELREDACTORTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMARRANGEMENT1ENGINE；2TORQUECONVERTER；3POWERSHIFTTRANSMISSIONBOX；4REARFRAME；5FRONTFRAME；6FRONTAXLE；7TRANSMISSIONSHAFT；8REARAXLETORQUECONVERTER

簡介：1TEXT1DOWENEEDEXTRAVITAMINSMANYPEOPLEBELIEVETHATTAKINGVITAMINSUPPLEMENTSISTHEBESTSAFEGUARDAGAINSTTHEDANGERSOFANINCOMPLETEDIET,BUTTHISSHOULDBE①ALASTRESORT最后手段RATHERTHANAWAYOUTOFAPROBLEMEVENIFTHEREISAGENUINENEEDFOREXTRAVITAMINS,THENSOONERORLATERTHEQUESTIONARISES“WHICHONESDOINEED,HOWMUCHOFTHEM,ANDHOWOFTEN“THEREISREALLYNOSIMPLEANSWERTOTHISQUESTIONTHEFOODSTANDARDSCOMMITTEEGUARDIANS②保護者OFOURLAWSONFOODPURITY,LABELLINGANDADVERTISINGCLAMSANDDESCRIPTIONSSUGGESTINTHEIRRECENTREPORTTOTHEGOVERNMENTTHATWEDONOTNEEDANYEXTRAVITAMINSTHEYSAYTHATTHEYARE“NOTNECESSARYFORAHEALTHYINDIVIDUALEATINGANORMALDIET“WHILSTFEWOFUSWOULDCHALLENGETHEIRAUTHORITYONTHESUBJECTOFNUTRITIONITIS,PERHAPS,PERTINENTTOASKTHEQUESTION“HOWMANYOFUSAREHEALTHY,ANDWHATISANORMALDIET“THEREISANELEMENTOFDOUBTINMANYMINDSABOUTTHESETWOASPECTSANDTHOUGHFEWPEOPLEAREFAMILIARWITHTHEWORDINGOFTHEFOODSTANDARDSREPORTTHEYDOWONDERINSTINCTIVELYIFTHEYAREEATINGTHERIGHTTHINGSTHEBLAMEFORFAULTYEATINGHABITSISOFTENPLACEDATTHEDOOROFTHEUBIQUITOUS③（ABEINGEVERYWHERE,ESPATTHESAMETIME普遍存在的）JUNKANDCONVENIENCEFOODSASWEHAVESEEN,SOMEOFTHESEARENOTTHECRIMINALSTHEYAREMADEOUTTOBEWHITEBREADISONLYSLIGHTLYLESSNUTRITIOUSTHANBROWNBREADANDFROZENVEGETABLESCANBEALMOSTAS“FRESH“ASFRESHFOODTHEREAREVERYFEWFOODSWHICHCANREALLYBEDESCRIBEDASPURERUBBISHMANYPREPACKEDGOODSCONTAINTOOMUCHSUGARANDWEWOULDALLBENEFITBYAVOIDINGTHESE,BUTMOSTTINNED,PROCESSEDANDDRIEDFOODSCONTAINUSEFULAMOUNTSOFFAT,PROTEIN,CARBOHYDRATE④（N碳水化合物）,VITAMINSANDMINERALSTHEADDITIONOFASMALLAMOUNTOFFRUITORASIDESALADTOCONVENIENCEFOODSSUCHASPIZZASORHAMBURGERSCANTURNASNACKINTOAWELLBALANCEDMEAL許多人認為，服用維生互補劑是防止出現(xiàn)飲食營養(yǎng)不均衡情況的最好防范辦法，但這是解決這一問題的方法中最不可行的作法。即使真的需要補充維生素，遲早會出現(xiàn)“我需要哪些維生素需要多少多久服一次”這樣的問題。對于這一問題，確實沒有簡單的答案。食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會（我們在食品純度、標(biāo)識和食品廣告申請、宣傳方面的法律衛(wèi)士）在最近呈送給政府的報告中建議說，人們不需要補充維生素。他們說，“飲食正常的健康人不需要它們”。盡管我們沒有幾個人對他們在營養(yǎng)方面的權(quán)威有什么異議，但或許會問“我們中多少人是健康的正常的飲食是什么樣的飲食”這樣的問題。許多人心里對這兩個問題還有點拿不不準(zhǔn)盡管沒有多少人熟悉食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會所呈報告中的措辭，但人們確實不由得要問，他們的飲食是否合理。不良的飲食習(xí)慣常常歸咎到隨處出售的沒營養(yǎng)的食品和方面食品上。如我們所知，這些食品中的某些食品并不象人們認為的那要間（形成不良飲食習(xí)慣的）罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。白面包比黑面包只是稍微少了點兒營養(yǎng)，而冷凍的蔬菜幾乎和新鮮的食物一樣的“新鮮”。真正可以說成是純粹沒有營養(yǎng)的食物是非常少的。許多包裝好的食品含糖太多，避開它們對我們都有好處，多數(shù)罐裝食品、加工食品和烘干食品含有大量的脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物、維生素和礦物質(zhì)。往方便食品（如比薩餅或漢堡包）上加少許的水果或另外添加一道色拉會把快餐變成搭配均勻的營養(yǎng)餐。JUNKFOODISDIFFICULTTODEFINEWHITESUGARISPROBABLYTHENEARESTCONTENDER⑤（NRIVAL,COMPETITOR）競爭者，對手FORTHETITLEITCONTAINSPLENTYOFCALORIESFORENERGYBUTNOTMUCHELSE,ANDISOFTENDESCRIBEDASAN“EMPTYCALORIE“FOODALCOHOLISALSOHIGHINCALORIES,BUTBEERANDWINECONTAINSOMEOFTHEBVITAMINS3二組病人服用的新型藥物相似。從理論上講，新型藥物有治療或減輕各種病癥作用，而安慰藥應(yīng)該沒有效果。這類試驗常常產(chǎn)生令人驚訝的結(jié)果服用安慰藥的一組與服用新型藥物的一組恢復(fù)的一樣好。當(dāng)代心理學(xué)對這種情況的解釋是，我們多數(shù)人一旦對我們患的疾病有了信心，就會產(chǎn)生良好的結(jié)果，從而會得到藥物相同的好處。這是一種“精神高于物質(zhì)”的哲學(xué)，而且它對我們中的一些人起作用。維生素丸有時可以歸入這一類。維生互不是藥，但它們有和安慰藥相似的功效。適當(dāng)采用這種自我療法沒有害處，甚至還有助于取得我們想達到的結(jié)果。VITAMINSBANDCCANNOTBERETAINED11VAVOIDLOSING保留INTHEBODYSOIFWETAKEMORETHANWENEEDOFTHESETHEYARESOONEXCRETED（12VGETRIDOFWASTEFROMTHEBODY排泄）INTHEURINETHEPOSSIBLEEXCEPTIONHEREISTHETHEORYABOUTTHEINCREASEDBODY“POOL”O(jiān)FVITAMINC,BUTEVENTHISISLIMITEDANDISSTILLLARGELYUNPROVENTAKINGTOOMUCHOFTHEFATSOLUBLEVITAMINSCANBEDANGEROUSANDVITAMINSAANDDSHOULDNEVERBETAKENINDISCRIMINATELYVITAMINEHASNOTBEENFOUNDTOHAVEANYTOXIC（13APOISONOUS有毒的）EFFECTINLARGEDOSESBUTNEITHERDOTHERESEEMTOBEANYNOTICEABLEBENEFITSTHISISANUNEXPLOREDAREAINVITAMINRESEARCHANDTHEONLYKNOWNADVANTAGESOFVITAMINEARECONFINEDTOSPECIALISEDMEDICALCASES維生素B和C不能在體內(nèi)儲存，因此如果服用量超過身體所需，它們很快在尿液中排出。在此可能出現(xiàn)的例外就是關(guān)于維生素C在體內(nèi)“儲量”增加的說法。不過即使這一儲量也是有限的，而且在很大程度上還沒有得到證實。服用過多的脂溶性維生素可能會有危險，因而維生素A和維生素D絕不能隨便服用。大劑量服用維生素E沒發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么副作用，但似乎也沒有任何明顯的好處。維生素E是維生素研究中的一個未探查的領(lǐng)域，它僅知的好處局限在特定的醫(yī)學(xué)例上。TEXT２WOMENANDTOBACCO1WHENSMOKINGAMONGSTWOMENWASNOTASWIDESPREADASITISNOW,WOMENWERECONSIDEREDTOBEALMOSTFREEFROMCARDIOVASCULARA心血管的DISEASESANDLUNGCANCERUNHAPPILY,THESITUATIONHASCHANGED,ANDSMOKINGKILLSOVERHALFAMILLIONWOMENEACHYEARINTHEINDUSTRIALIZEDWORLDBUTITISALSOANINCREASINGLYIMPORTANTCAUSEOFILLHEALTHAMONGSTWOMENINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES在女性吸煙人數(shù)還沒有今天這樣多時，人們認為女性幾乎不會得心血管疾病和肺癌。不幸的是，現(xiàn)在已今非昔比，在世界工業(yè)化國家，每年因吸煙而致死的女性已超過５０萬。在發(fā)展中國家，吸煙也日益成為女性健康不佳的重要原因。2ARECENTWHOCONSULTATIONONTHESTATISTICALASPECTSOFTOBACCORELATEDMORTALITY2NTHENUMBEROFDEATHSFROMACERTAINCAUSE死亡數(shù)CONCLUDEDTHATTHETOLL3NTHECOSTINHEALTH,LIFE,ETC,FROMILLNESS,ANACCIDENT重大的代價，損失，（事故的）傷亡人數(shù)THATCANBEATTRIBUTEDTOSMOKINGTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDIS27MILLIONDEATHSPERYEARITALSOPREDICTEDTHAT,IFCURRENTPATTERNSOFCIGARETTESMOKINGCONTINUEUNCHANGED,THEGLOBALDEATHTOLLFROMTOBACCOBYTHEYEAR2025MAYINCREASETOEIGHTMILLIONDEATHSPERYEARALARGEPROPORTIONOFTHESEWILLBEAMONGSTWOMEN最近，世界衛(wèi)生組織搞了一次與吸煙有關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)的評估會，統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明，全世界每年因吸煙而致死的人數(shù)為２７０萬。世界每年因吸煙而致死的人數(shù)將增加到８００萬，其中很大一部分將為女性。