外文翻譯--可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念下的道路交通現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)

1、<p><b>　　外文文獻翻譯</b></p><p>　　題 目： </p><p>　　學(xué) 院： </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： </p>&

2、lt;p>　　姓 名： </p><p>　　學(xué) 號： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)老師： </p><p>　　完成時間： </p>

3、;<p><b>　　英文文獻</b></p><p>　　Road traffic modernization under the sustainable development concept </p><p>　　Review history of traffic engineering development of the road, evolu

4、tion that the understanding idea which demonstrates a kind of person weaves into science and technology, the concept of design of road once went through the improvement of a lot of levels: Regard fabrication cost of the

5、project as the standard level; Combine the standard level of service level of the traffic; Increase the standard level of environmental protection; Standard level of sustainable development. Improvement of every </p&g

6、t;<p>　　1.Adjustment of the idea - Support the traffic facility system of sustainable development </p><p>　　Composition to the facility system of the traffic, as the progress of the human thought is c

7、hanging constantly: It is early on the basis of limited construction ability and fund ability, it forms and only includes the most basic part - the noumenonn of the road, railway; After the traffic safety question is men

8、tioned on the agenda, traffic sign and the mark, traffic monitoring system,etc. become the indispensable content in the facility system of traffic; In the question rising space agenda of t</p><p>　　Developed

9、 country intelligent traffic system plan for example with America,Europe and Japan,etc., surface think this change and change of technology, traffic system of structure, have increased the system for traffic guiding, inf

10、ormation system of the traffic,etc. in the traditional traffic system, and has adopted technology of the computer, control technology, communication technology,etc. to carry on technological transformation. In fact it is

11、 this understanding that plays a supporting role in</p><p>　　The information system of the comprehensive traffic offers such information as traffic blocking, traffic accident, running time of the road on net

12、,etc., offer the information of the public transport, help people to choose suitable traffic way, appropriate going out time, rational traffic route, impel the traffic to go out and is distributed and distributed rationa

13、lly in the comprehensive traffic network, in order to lighten the burden of the whole traffic network. </p><p>　　The system for traffic guiding offers information service to the vehicle driver, help them to

14、 find out about the traffic jam state of the network of the whole road, lead them to avoid the crowded highway section or the crossing, impel the whole road network load to melt evenly, achieve the goal of improving util

15、ization efficiency. </p><p>　　Freight transportation administrative system supported by traffic information, make plan, dispatcher of vehicle, rationally, offer the goods to collect and mix service,etc., it

16、 was high-efficient that its goal promoted freight transportation. </p><p>　　Passenger traffic supported by traffic information administrative system, manage the operation vehicle rationally, offer public t

17、ransport services information, in order to improve the service level with systematic passenger traffic, attract more flow of passengers, lighten the burden of the whole urban traffic system. </p><p>　　The c

18、ontrol system of automatic steering is supported by automatic control technology, improve the vehicle traffic capacity of the area of the road to the unit, and strengthen the traffic security. </p><p>　　The

19、refore, in the proposition course of the new traffic system concept, need newer conduct of the idea and goal to lead the way. </p><p>　　Our times, sustainable development has already become the strategic obj

20、ectives of a lot of countries, our country also regards it as great strategy to implement. Premier Li Peng led the group to attend the meeting of environment and development of the United Nations in 1992 ( UNCED) ,Promis

21、e solemnly China will fulfil the file that the meeting passes, the General Secretary Jiang Zemin emphasizes in the speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Central committee of the CPC and the fou</p>

22、<p>　　With the close and related sustainable development goal of infrastructure construction: Improve the society, economy and environment of the human inhabited region; Improve inhabitting working environment and

23、life quality of residents. This goal needs and could be realized effectively through the efforts of the multiple channel, it produces the function in many aspects on this goal to build as the traffic of the important com

24、ponent of the infrastructure: Guide function, the guide to that the area</p><p>　　Interrelated with the development goal, can divide the complicated problem faced into the following level relation: </p>

25、;<p>　　Question of the first level ( Goal layer) : Set up the road traffic integrated system which supports sustainable development, offer and support the frame to the regional space rationally, use the natural r

26、esources rationally, support economic development, basic condition of transport services with certain dependability of taking precautions against natural calamities and combatting a natural disaster effectively. At the s

27、ame time what need to emphasize is, the direct purpose of the integrated s</p><p>　　Question of the second level ( Macro-control layer) : Realize the overall coordination of the traffic system and optimize

28、through the planning means, in order to avoid the waste of resources, and build the traffic to regard as plan for land, urban system planning, the important support foundation of realizing the course of territory plannin

29、g and regulation and control means; Guide and realize the rational structure of the traffic mode through the policy means, promote using the rational utiliza</p><p>　　Question of the third level ( Technology

30、 layer) : Strengthen the application of the information technology in the traffic engineering, such as the system for traffic guiding, integrated information system of the traffic,etc.; Study and implement development o

31、f the public traffic system and technological progress conscientiously; Reduce the traffic pollution to the environment: Prevention and cure of the noise, waste gas, vibration; The use of the old and useless material, as

32、king for etc. in ord</p><p>　　2.Change of the structure - Composition of the integrated system of the road traffic </p><p>　　Set up road traffic integrated system whether one include under the g

33、uidance of sustainable development strategy " The government adjusts and controls the behavior, scientific and technical ability construction and social citizen's participation " System engineering not co

34、mplicated,treat question of view not to it is great to be adopt project, need the demand of function put forward toward traffic system of the road of external environment condition of analyticl system, require to confirm

35、 the </p><p>　　According to carrying out the demand for sustainable strategy, the traffic system of the road will form the following interface relation with other systems: </p><p>　　With natura

36、l direct interface of system, ask for from nature, to discharge, intervention to the nature of nature,etc.. </p><p>　　With the interface of the social system, the coordination with the urbanization process,

37、 develop regulation of balanced degree to the territory, impact on consumption mode,etc.. </p><p>　　With the interface of the economic system, including the coordination with the development strategy of reg

38、ional economy, the coordination with the policy of utilization of energy, the impact on industrial structure and overall arrangement,etc.. </p><p>　　This kind of interface relation requires the traffic syst

39、em of the road to meet the following function: </p><p>　　Basic traffic function is unobstructed to guarantee communications and transportation, safely, fast, comfortable, convenient; </p><p>　

40、　Environmental protection function, improved the utilization efficiency of the unit land, the ones that reduced to nature were asked for and discharging; </p><p>　　Promote the social progress function, prom

41、ote the sound development of urban system, regional overall arrangement through the effective planning means, guide the social consumption pattern correctly, impel the community to develop in a healthy way; </p>

42、<p>　　Function of supporting the development of economy, ensure the realization of the economic development strategy, promote the adjustment of economic structure and economic layout. </p><p>　　In orde

43、r to meet the needs of function diversified development trends, the government will manage the subsystem, infrastructure subsystem, scientific and technical subsystem, the public and serve and participate in the subsyste

44、m to form in the road traffic integrated systems proposed. </p><p>　　The infrastructure construction of the traffic is an important respect that the government functions to sustainable development, the gover

45、nment has responsibility as the rational structure of setting-up of social and economic development and foundation of the overall arrangement, having responsibility to confirm the correct traffic development strategy, at

46、 the same time the traffic facility is a kind of very effective macro adjustments and controls means of the government's. Recall predicament c</p><p>　　The government planning to build to this situation

47、manages the subsystem, regard government's managerial staff member as the target of using, rely on the network system of the computer, support the man-machine system of government's decision-making process. Its t

48、heoretical foundation lies in open complicated huge system and methodology that Mr. Qian Xuesen put forward in 1989, namely from determining the nature to the comprehensive integrated law of the ration, this kind of meth

49、od develops into </p><p>　　In the infrastructure subsystem besides traditional road noumenonn facility, monitoring system of the traffic, system, information system of traffic and environmental protection of

50、 traffic, charge system automatically, traffic safety and accident process system,etc. important components among them. The modernized traffic monitoring system is an indispensable part in the traffic system of the road,

51、 it regarded level and smooth traffic flow as the direct goal, and produced and reduced the waste ga</p><p>　　The purpose of the scientific and technical subsystem is to promote the technological progress of

52、 the trade through technology popularization and technical training, it forms and includes service system of the scientific information, new technology popularization system, academic discuss system,etc., the hardware ha

53、s to go to the support that key laboratory, department open laboratory, the fictitious laboratory of network, information information Web serve the node, observe the experimental syst</p><p>　　The public ser

54、ves and participates in the subsystem to occupy the irreplaceable status in the integrated system of the road traffic, the traffic needs the public to participate in closely, to public service including information servi

55、ce, rescuing the service, management service,etc., for example is the public to serve the concept system that the system for traffic guiding, parking area guide the system, public transport services information system et

56、c. in the intellectual traffic system; The cit</p><p>　　3.Change of the scientific research structure - Research field of meritting attention </p><p>　　Because sustainable development has put fo

57、rward the new demand, the scientific research contents of supporting road traffic construction are changing importantly, the proportion of traditional technology is dropping, the research contents of new technology disci

58、pline are being paid close attention to rapidly, and is getting application progressively. </p><p>　　The planning with foresight is the basic assurance of sustainable development, therefore the research fiel

59、d of traffic planning is changing deeply. Traffic planning is from regarding depending on the qualitative analysis of experience main stage basically as, get make investigations quantitative analysis of foundation for ma

60、in stage, to determine the nature new stage that ration combine together, course of development that a kind of spiral type appears to rise. This is because of the demand chan</p><p>　　The great project means

61、 the planning, design of the ultra large-scale project of the overall situation of relation, makes policy and organizing the implementation. This theory tries hard to adopt the project concept of the brand-new big compre

62、hensive system, is it determine the nature ration half-and-half method to use, is it is it trade off, not complementary to is it seek suitable but not optimum way of thinking solve one's own problem to help altogethe

63、r to coordinate to adopt. Supporting the </p><p>　　Integrate to ration it is Qian Xuesen one research complicated huge system that Mr. put forward that have of our country method of characteristic synthetica

64、lly determining the nature. Its core is to conbine expert's colony, data, various kinds of information and computer together artificial and organically, combine scientific theory about discipline with people's kn

65、owledge and experience, give play to the whole advantage of the integrated system to solve the practical problem. This theory method</p><p>　　According to planning research contents, develop urban public tra

66、nsport, promote the setting-up of the rational traffic mode, cause people's attention. Limited impossible private traffic that bears and is developed rapidly of natural resources, must adopt such means in many aspect

67、s as policy, tax revenue, construction, management,etc. to impel a large number of personnel to utilize the public traffic system. The city traffic planning of our country has been emphasizing all the time for many year&

68、lt;/p><p>　　According to planned range, the network planning of a group of traffic of the city has referred to the increasingly important position with urbanization process, after the administration can be solv

69、ed while coordinating the problem, the traffic planning problem of group in the cities of the Changjiang Delta, Zhujiang River Delta will be proposed rapidly, must carry on the essential theory to prepare for it. </p&

70、gt;<p>　　Question needed paying close attention in the course of sustainable development in traffic demand of the traffic, the mankind should comparatively adjust one's own consumption idea consciously, among

71、them the traffic is consumed is an extremely important part. Such many kinds of means as the management, tax jurisdiction,etc. through parking of traffic demand of traffic realize the regulation to the traffic way, mode

72、that the mode of encouraging reducing the traffic and going out and less resourc</p><p>　　The information technology is entering the traffic engineering field rapidly, the intellectual traffic system is set

73、up on the basis of information technology, its core is an information system of traffic. The traffic information system of our country is still very backward, gather the system, information very not so abundant to proces

74、s and utilize in information of traffic not so perfect, it is all problems needing to solve especially to await improved information issue means,etc.. The integrat</p><p>　　As the information technology carr

75、ier, the system for traffic guiding, information system of the traffic, traffic control system are playing a very important role in the modern road traffic system, traffic subject they - It is the organic whole that peop

76、le or the thing, means of transportation, traffic infrastructure, vehicle supervision department get in touch, the efficiency that causes not in tune drops after reducing because within the system. The research work of t

77、he system for traffic guid</p><p>　　The environmental protection technology of the road traffic remains the focus that will pay close attention to in the future. The prevention and cure means of the automobi

78、le waste gas is mainly to adopt clean energy, tail gas purification, and adjust and control and reduce the automobile to use through the policy. In addition it is the research of strengthening engineering that need to pa

79、y attention to, analyse the diffusion law of the waste gas under the specific environment, pollute for the wa</p><p>　　It is a field that is worth launching that the dependability of the traffic network is s

80、tudied, especially should pay enough attention even more in the network planning of urban road. Our country is going through a new urbanization course at present, need to consider conscientiously that prevent and rescue

81、the question to such great natural calamity as the earthquake,etc. in the course of planning of city layout, lay a good foundation for the further development of the city. After the great eart</p><p>　　Ensur

82、e the road traffic to face two basic problems under studying the earthquake disaster situation: </p><p>　　Because have great influence on the recovery of the overall function of the urban system on the cala

83、mity situation makes the traffic system function of the road, therefore need to offer and having certain dependability, can be resisting the earthquake and secondly grows the traffic network that the calamity functioned.

84、 </p><p>　　In case of calamity, especially in the initial stage of rescue work, people (especially their traffic behaviors) Often losing the effective sense of organization, the amorphous action of this kin

85、d of scattering may cause the forfeiture of the overall function of the traffic network, therefore ensure needing to consider the supply and demand relation under this kind of special circumstances in the traffic system

86、design to that the city provides disaster relief, and the corresponding traffic ensur</p><p>　　There are important meanings in resisting the fire, floods etc. in the similar research demand. </p><

87、p>　　4.Concern of the traffic environment - Countermeasure and means </p><p>　　The environmental pollution of the road traffic is divided into three main respects of traffic noise, air pollution, traffic v

88、ibration mainly. , and the random noise propagated to the road happens from automobile group through the road in the road traffic noise, its characteristic is that size is irregular, and the change is large in range. The

89、 main measure of reducing the road traffic noise improves the vehicle structure, state, controlling the volume of traffic of improving going,etc., see Fig</p><p>　　The automobile is the movement of the air p

90、ollution takes place in the source, is have hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen hydrogen chemical compound, lead thing, particulate matter,etc. by the polluter that the automobile discharges. In order to reduce the di

91、scharge pollution of the automobile, the most important control takes place in the source, can adopt the quantity of polluter that less automobiles discharge at first (for example adopt the unleaded gas) ; Second can wit

92、h is it is it giv</p><p>　　The so-called traffic vibration, refer to going on the road and act on road bed in shock power of the vehicle, transmit the vibration causing the ground and building along the line

93、 to produce through the ground. Road surface level, vehicle weight heavy, high carrying cargo vehicle to be large speed, the bigger the vibration that is produced is, in addition, the weaker the ground is, the higher the

94、 terminal vibration grade is. In order to reduce traffic vibration, and prevented and cured by the m</p><p><b>　　譯 文</b></p><p>　　可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念下的道路交通現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)</p><p>　　回顧道路交通工

95、程發(fā)展的歷史，呈現(xiàn)出一種人的認識觀念與科學(xué)技術(shù)相互交織的發(fā)展過程，道路設(shè)計概念曾經(jīng)歷多個層次的提高：以工程造價為標準層次；結(jié)合交通服務(wù)水平標準層次；增加環(huán)境保護標準層次；可持續(xù)發(fā)展標準層次。每一層次的提高，都是在前一層次的基礎(chǔ)上增加了新的評價因素，體現(xiàn)了一種觀念的更新。每一次層次的提高，也都伴隨著新技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用：第一次層次的提升，是在交通工程學(xué)科發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上進行的，交通流分析技術(shù)、交通設(shè)計技術(shù)、交通工程技術(shù)提供了強有力的支撐。第二次層

96、次的提升，引進了環(huán)境科學(xué)的觀念，形成交通環(huán)境的研究領(lǐng)域，考慮道路網(wǎng)環(huán)境容量的交通規(guī)劃、交通公害（噪聲、廢氣、振動）的防治、道路景觀設(shè)計等。第三次提升，則更加注重巨型系統(tǒng)思想的應(yīng)用，將把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)與社會經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展緊密聯(lián)系在一起。在可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想指導(dǎo)下，道路交通現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要進行觀念的調(diào)整、目標的調(diào)整，以及系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。</p><p>　　1.觀念的調(diào)整——支撐可持續(xù)發(fā)展的交通設(shè)施體系</p>

97、<p>　　對于交通設(shè)施體系的構(gòu)成，隨著人類思想的進步不斷發(fā)生著變化：早期在有限的建設(shè)能力和資金能力基礎(chǔ)上，其構(gòu)成只包含了最基本的部分―道路、鐵道的本體；當交通安全問題提到議事日程之上以后，交通標志和標記、交通監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)等成為交通設(shè)施體系中不可缺少的內(nèi)容；當交通環(huán)境問題提上議事日程，隔音墻、交通環(huán)境監(jiān)控設(shè)備等成為交通設(shè)施體系中的新成員；與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求相適應(yīng)，支持與土地利用規(guī)劃相結(jié)合的交通規(guī)劃決策支持系統(tǒng)和信息采集管理系統(tǒng)、