貿(mào)易開放和經(jīng)濟增長一個跨國實證調(diào)查【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：外文題目：Tradeopennesseconomicgrowth:acrosscountryempiricalinvestigation出處：處：JournalofDevelopmentEconomics作者：者：HalitYanikkaya原文：文：Tradeopennesseconomicgrowth:acrosscountryempiricalinvestigationHalit

2、YanikkayaAbstractThispaperdemonstratesthattradeliberalizationdoesnothaveasimplestraightfwardrelationshipwithgrowthusingalargenumberofopennessmeasuresfacrosssectionofcountriesoverthelastthreedecades.Weusetwogroupsoftradeo

3、pennessmeasures.Theregressionresultsfnumeroustradeintensityratiosaremostlyconsistentwiththeexistingliterature.Howevercontrarytotheconventionalviewonthegrowtheffectsoftradebarriersourestimationresultsshowthattradebarriers

4、arepositivelyinmostspecificationssignificantlyassociatedwithgrowthespeciallyfdevelopingcountriestheyareconsistentwiththefindingsoftheeticalgrowthdevelopmentliterature.1.IntroductionDoopeneconomiesgrowfasterthanclosedecon

5、omiesAlmostallempiricalgrowthstudieshaveprovidedanaffirmativeanswertothisquestion.Thereasonfthisstrongbiasinfavoftradeliberalizationispartlybasedontheconclusionsofawiderangeofempiricalstudieswhichclaimedthatoutwardiented

6、economiesconsistentlyhavehighergrowthratesthaninwardientedcountries.Itisalsopartlyduetothetragicfailuresofimptsubstitutionstrategiesespeciallyinthe1980soverstatedexpectationsfromtradeliberalization.3Xie1993Young1991).Iti

7、swthwhiletonotethatthetheeticalgrowthliteraturehasgivenmeattentiontotherelationshipbetweentradepoliciesgrowthratherthantherelationshipbetweentradevolumesgrowth.Therefetheconclusionabouttherelationshipbetweentradebarriers

8、growthcannotbedirectlyappliedtotheeffectsofchangesintradevolumesongrowth.Eventhoughthesetwoconceptstradevolumestraderestrictionsareverycloselyrelatedtheirrelationshipwithgrowthmaydifferconsiderably.Thisisbecausethereares

9、everalotherveryimptantfactsthataffectacountry’sexternalsectsuchasgeographicalfactscountrysizeincome.Inotherwdsoneshouldbeasclearaspossibleaboutwhichopennessmeasureheuseswhataretheexactmechanismsthroughwhichitaffectsthegr

10、owth.Weshalldiscusseachopennessmeasureusedinthisstudylaterinthesection.Inthetheyofinternationaltradethestaticgainsfromtradelossesfromtraderestrictionshavebeenexaminedthoughly.Yettradetheyprovideslittleguidelineastotheeff

11、ectsofinternationaltradeongrowthtechnicalprogress.Onthecontrarythenewtradetheymakesitclearthatthegainsfromtradecanarisefromseveralfundamentalsources:differencesincomparativeadvantageeconomywideincreasingreturns.3.Modelda

12、taWeusethefollowingempiricalframewktoinvestigatelongrungrowth.Ingeneralfmthismodelcanbeacterizedasγyt=F(ytkthtZ(t))(1)whereγytisacountry’spercapitagrowthrateinperiodtytisinitialGDPpercapitaktisthephysicalcapitalstockperp

13、ersonhtisinitialhumancapitalperperson.Weusetelephonemainlinesperwkerlifeexpectancyratesasroughproxiesfthestockofphysicalhumancapitalrespectively.AlthoughtheinitialGDPpercapitalevelisemployedtoassesstheissueofconditionalc

14、onvergenceitispossibletointerpretitasaproxyfthestockofcapitalfacountry.ThevariableZrepresentsavectofcontrolenvironmentalvariablesthatareprimarilydeterminedbydecisionsofgovernmentsindividuals.Thesevariablesincludealargenu