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1、聽力教學(xué)一直是英語教學(xué)中的難點?!胺配浺簦章牐瓕Υ鸢福俜配浺簟钡膫鹘y(tǒng)聽力教學(xué)方式既無法調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性又收效甚微,以至于很多學(xué)生在長期的英語學(xué)習(xí)中把聽力視為一道邁不過去的門檻,更不用說,達(dá)到《全日制義務(wù)教育普通高級中學(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(實驗稿)的要求,把英語應(yīng)用到交際實踐中。
筆者在總結(jié)前人成就的基礎(chǔ)上,以圖示理論為指導(dǎo)進(jìn)行了初中聽力教學(xué)的探討。該理論認(rèn)為,大腦中的背景知識通過增加、調(diào)整和重建影響信息的接受。盡管語言
2、知識、文化差異、生理局限、聽力策略等多種因素都會影響聽力效果,但圖示的自下而上、自上而下、交互三個理解過程會幫助指導(dǎo)、預(yù)測、補充和選擇輸入的信息。也就是說,擁有的背景知識越豐富,理解材料就越容易;背景知識被激活得越多,對材料的理解就越透徹。
本文結(jié)合初中英語教學(xué)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀,探討圖示理論在初中聽力教學(xué)中如何應(yīng)用的問題。筆者提出重視聽前、聽中和聽后活動的有效性并討論了多種“建立圖示、啟動圖示”的方法,還在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了一堂
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