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1、19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,隨著資本主義的日益興盛、現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展以及科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛進(jìn)步,自文藝復(fù)興以來(lái)建立起來(lái)的西方文化傳統(tǒng)遭遇了最為嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。現(xiàn)代生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的復(fù)雜性和傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)表達(dá)手段的貧乏性之間產(chǎn)生了巨大的沖突,各種現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)文化思潮風(fēng)起云涌,猛烈地沖擊著舊的文化體系,并滲透到繪畫(huà)、雕塑、音樂(lè)、文學(xué)等各個(gè)文化藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域,而現(xiàn)代主義文藝思潮正是在這樣的大背景下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
現(xiàn)代主義作為二十世紀(jì)西方最具影響力的文藝思潮之一,對(duì)詩(shī)歌
2、的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)有力的沖擊。英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌與其它藝術(shù)形態(tài)一樣,也面臨一場(chǎng)新與舊、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代之間的尖銳交鋒,其詩(shī)歌主要特征表現(xiàn)為摒棄傳統(tǒng)的詩(shī)歌模式,悖離語(yǔ)言常規(guī),張揚(yáng)藝術(shù)個(gè)性。然而,當(dāng)前對(duì)現(xiàn)代主義詩(shī)歌的研究主要著重于其主題、風(fēng)格等方面,而作為詩(shī)歌主要特征的變異僅在語(yǔ)言學(xué)論著中被簡(jiǎn)單地提及,文體學(xué)書(shū)籍更是將變異作為文學(xué)中常見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象而僅作泛泛討論。忽略詩(shī)歌的變異特性不僅不利于讀者有效地理解詩(shī)歌所表達(dá)的深刻內(nèi)涵,也不利于挖掘詩(shī)歌所蘊(yùn)含的深遠(yuǎn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
3、有鑒于此,本文擬從現(xiàn)代主義視角對(duì)詩(shī)歌中的文體變異現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究和評(píng)析。
本研究以現(xiàn)代主義思潮的主要藝術(shù)特征及歷史意義為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)變異的主要形式,即語(yǔ)音變異、詞匯變異、書(shū)寫(xiě)變異、語(yǔ)法變異以及其在詩(shī)歌中所起到的前景化作用進(jìn)行了深入的探討。在現(xiàn)代主義視角下,本研究對(duì)所搜集的典型詩(shī)歌實(shí)例進(jìn)行文體變異特征及創(chuàng)作技巧分析,以探究詩(shī)人如何摒棄傳統(tǒng)模式,大膽對(duì)詩(shī)歌的形式進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新以彰顯個(gè)性,并且更加形象生動(dòng)傳遞詩(shī)歌中所蘊(yùn)含的主題情感信息。
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