機場容量與管理不善【外文翻譯】

1、1外文翻譯原文Airptcapacityvs.dem:MismatchmismanagementMaterialSource：BaiduencyclopediaAuth：MichaelA.MadasKonstantinosG.ZografosAbstractSincewellpublicizedcongestiondelayproblemsencounteredbyEuropeanUSairptsenteredthepoliticala

2、renathereisanunprecedentedpressureexperiencedbypolicymakersuponinvestigatingadoptingstrategiesfmanagingdemallocatingscarceairptcapacity.DuringthelastfewyearsthereisanongoingpolicydebatewithintheEuropeanCommunitytounderta

3、kefurtherwkfadrasticallyrevisedregulatyframewkaimingtodealwiththescarcityofairptcapacitythroughtheeffcientallocationofairptslots.Oneoftheprimarypolicyconcernsliesonthecompatibilityofalternativeslotallocationstrategiesind

4、ifferentairptsettings.Theobjectiveofthispaperisthreefold:(i)todevelopapplyamethodologicalframewkfthemulticriteriaevaluationionofthemostcompatibleslotallocationstrategywithrespecttopolicycriteriapriitiesinvariousairptsett

5、ings(ii)toexaminetheapplicabilityofpolicycompatibilityresultsinvariousairptsettingstheirpotentialacceptabilityfromdifferentindustrystakeholders(iii)toprovidepolicyrecommendationsfEuropeanairptpolicymakingplanning.1.Intro

6、ductionRecentairtransptfecastsspeakfanincreaseininternationalaircargotrafficinEuropebyanaverageof3.6%peryearbetween20022020withsomeanalystsanticipatingdoubletrafficincreasefiguresby2020(ACIEurope2004).Therapidtrafficgrow

7、thhasresultedinseverecongestiondelayproblemswhichinturnhaveselfconstrainedairtransptgrowthbecomeamajtransptpolicyissueonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Thecongestiondelayproblemsareexpectedtofurtherdeteriatewhenconsideringthatove

8、rhalfofEurope’s50largestairptshavealreadyreachedareclosetoreachingtheirsaturationpointsintermsofdeclaredgroundcapacitywithonlyfewplannedmajdevelopmentsexpansions(DotEconLtd.2001).Similarfindings(NERA2004)indicatethat3all

9、ocation.Section3presentsthemethodologicalframewkthatwasdevelopedindertoperfmthepolicycompatibilityassessment.Section4brieflydiscussestheidentifiedairptslotallocationstrategies.Section5presentstheresultsoftheairpttypology

10、developmentprocessbrieflydiscussestheacteristicsoftheresultedairptclusters.Section6elabatesonthepolicycompatibilityassessmentframewkSection7presentstheresultsthefinalsynthesisofthepolicycompatibilityanalysiswhileSection8

11、providessomepolicyconclusionsresearchrecommendations.Finallythepaperiscomplementedbyaglossaryofrelevanttermsnomenclatureaswellasthelistofreferences.2.BackgroundAccesstoairptsistypicallymanagedifanythroughalingfeethatispr

12、optionaltothemaximumtakeoffweight(MTOW)oftheaircraftirrespectivelyoftheactualinfrastructureutilizationtrafficcongestionlevels.Itisnotewthythatbasedoninternationalcomparisonsaeronauticalgesrelatedtoairptgroundoperationsam

13、ounttoabout7%ofairlines’costswithenroutegesaddingsome5%(Nilsson2003).Currentlyatmostairptsaircraftaregedasmallrelativelytothetotaloperatingcostsoftheairlinesfeethatisunifmthroughouttheday.Thisfeeisbasedontheweightoftheai

14、rcraftitamountsto$5perpassengeronaverageatsomehighlycongestedairpts.Thisobviouslycannoteffectivelymanipulatetrafficsubsequentlyalleviatetheresultedcongestiondelayproblems.Asaresultthelatestexperiencesofsomeofthebusiestai

15、rptstheexceptionallyhighdelayfiguressuggestthat‘‘weightbasedfeeshaveratherturnedintowaitbasedlingfees’’(Mrison2001).3.MethodologicalframewkThepolicycompatibilityanalysisaimstofmulateanevaluationframewkthatwillprovideguid

16、anceftheionofthemostcompatible(withrespecttospecificpolicycriteria)slotallocationstrategyfthevarioustypesofairpts.Indertoperfmthepolicycompatibilityanalysisthreebasicmethodologicalstepsshouldbefollowed(Fig.1):(i)identifi

17、cationofthealternativeslotallocationstrategiesoptions。(Step1i.e.whatshouldbeevaluated)(ii)developmentofatypologyofairpts(i.e.airptclusteranalysis)(Step2i.e.whereinwhichairptcontexttheidentifiedstrategiesshouldbeevaluated