簡介：2020中考語文復(fù)習(xí)專題七課外文言文閱讀一、20172017吉林中考閱讀下面文章，完成問題。磚節(jié)選凡埏泥①造磚，亦掘地驗辨土色，或藍(lán)或白，或紅或黃，皆以粘而不散，粉而不沙者為上。汲②水滋土，人逐數(shù)牛錯③趾④，踏成稠泥。然后填滿木框之中，鐵線弓戛⑤平其面，而成坯形。選自天工開物【注釋】①埏SHāN泥揉合粘土。②汲從井里取水。泛指打水，取水。③錯交錯，錯雜。④趾腳。⑤戛刮平，削平。1．“人逐數(shù)牛錯趾”句中“逐”字在文中的意思是________。2．上好的粘土有什么特點__________________________________________________________________3．請簡要概括造磚坯的過程。__________________________________________________________________二、20172017長春中考閱讀下面文章，完成問題。司馬光字君實，陜州夏縣人也。光生七歲，凜然①如成人，聞講左氏春秋，愛之，退為家人講，即了其大指②。自是手不釋書，至不知饑渴寒暑。光孝友忠信，恭儉正直，居處有法，動作有禮。在洛時，每往夏縣展墓③，必過④其兄旦，旦年將八十，奉之如嚴(yán)父，保之如嬰兒。自少至老，語未嘗妄，自言“吾無過人者，但平生所為，未嘗有不可對人言者耳?！闭\心自然，天下敬信，陜、洛間皆化⑤其德，有不善，曰“君實得無知之乎”節(jié)選自宋史卷三三六【注釋】①凜然嚴(yán)肅的樣子。②指意圖，意思。③展墓掃墓。④過2．把下面句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。因語兄，請得從塾師學(xué)。__________________________________________________________________3．“番民信愛之，呼曰‘楊父’”，可見楊繼盛在番民心中很有威望。請寫出番民“信愛”楊繼盛的原因。__________________________________________________________________來源學(xué)科網(wǎng)四、20192019襄陽中考閱讀下面文章，完成問題。汲黯字長孺，濮陽人也。孝景帝崩，太子即位，黯為謁者①。河內(nèi)失火，延燒千余家，上使黯往視之。還報曰“家人失火，屋比延燒，不足憂也。臣過河南②，河南貧人傷水旱萬余家，或父子相食，臣謹(jǐn)以便宜，持節(jié)③發(fā)河南倉粟以賑之。臣請歸節(jié)，伏矯制④之罪。”上賢而釋之，遷為滎陽令。黯恥為令，病歸田里。上聞，乃召拜為中大夫。以數(shù)⑤切諫，不得久留內(nèi)，遷為東海太守。黯學(xué)黃老之言⑥，治官理民，好清靜，擇丞史而任之。其治，責(zé)大指⑦而已，不苛小。歲余，東海大治。稱之。節(jié)選自史記汲鄭列傳，有刪改【注釋】①謁者官名。②河南指河南郡。③節(jié)符節(jié)，皇帝派遣使者的憑證。④矯制假傳圣旨。⑤數(shù)屢次。⑥黃老之言指道家學(xué)說。⑦大指大的原則。1．解釋下列句中加點詞的意思。①上使黯往視之使____________②乃召拜為中大夫乃____________2．下面句子朗讀節(jié)奏劃分不正確的一項是A．臣/請歸節(jié)，伏/矯制之罪B．上/賢而釋之，遷為/滎陽令

簡介：外文標(biāo)題RESEARCHONDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMINCOLLEGESANDUNIVERSITIES外文作者LINGFANGHUANG文獻出處INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONARTSANDDESIGN,EDUCATIONANDSOCIALSCIENCES,2017英文2276單詞，12887字符，中文3796漢字。此文檔是外文翻譯成品，無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式哦下載之后直接可用，方便快捷價格不貴。原文RESEARCHONDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMINCOLLEGESANDUNIVERSITIESLINGFANGHUANGABSTRACTTHROUGHCONSTANTCOMMUNICATIONANDSURVEYOFUNIVERSITYDORMITORYMANAGEMENTPERSONNEL,CONTINUOUSPRACTICEANDIMPROVEMENTINSYSTEMFUNCTION,ANDCONTINUOUSDATAANALYSIS,WEFINALLYDEVELOPEDTHE“STUDENTDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM“WHICHDORMITORYADMINISTRATORSANDSTUDENTSTWOCLIENTARESATISFIEDWITHKEYWORDSSTUDENTDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFRIENDLYINTERFACEINTRODUCTIONRESEARCHSTATUSMANYDIFFERENTKINDSOFSTUDENTDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSHASDEVELOPEDONTHEINTERNETATPRESENT,ALTHOUGHTHEFUNCTIONISRELATIVELYCOMPLETE,THEINTERFACEGIVEAPERSONAKINDOFVERYCOMPLICATEDFEELING,DORMITORYMANAGEMENTPERSONNELINOURSCHOOLDONOTHAVEGREATADVANTAGESTOLEARNNEWKNOWLEDGERELATIVELYATTHEAGE,NEEDSOMETIMETOLEARNANDADAPTFORNEWDORMITORYMANAGEMENTMODEASWELL,ALTHOUGHSTUDENTSASANOTHERKINDOFENDUSERWITHTHEABILITYTOQUICKLYLEARNNEWKNOWLEDGE,WHOAREACCUSTOMEDTOTHEORIGINALPAPERMANAGEMENT,THEYALSONEEDSOMEADAPTATIONTIMESO,ITNOTONLYENSURESTHATTHEFUNCTIONISCOMPLETE,ITMORENEEDTOMAKEPEOPLEDISCERNEASILYINTHEITCANBESEENFROMTHEABOVEFEASIBILITYTHATDEVELOPINGSUCHAMANAGEMENTSYSTEMCANMAKETHEMANAGEMENTOFTHEDORMITORYMORECONVENIENTANDFAST,ANDCANMAKETHEWHOLEMANAGEMENTMODEIMPROVEONESTEPTHEREFORE,ITISNECESSARYTODEVELOPDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMUSERSNEEDSANALYSISTHESYSTEMSENDUSERSAREDORMITORYMANAGERSANDSTUDENTSACCORDINGTOMYDAILYEXPERIENCEINTHEDORMITORY,INVESTIGATETHEDORMITORYMANAGEMENTTEACHERSINMYSCHOOLANDTHESTUDENTSINTHESAMEDORMITORYICOMETOTHEPRACTICALNEEDSOFTHEFOLLOWINGUSERTERMINALSTUDENTSLIVEINDORMITORY,DAILYLIFEOFMANYDORMITORYMANAGEMENTPERSONNELINDORMITORYBUILDINGSTUDENTSBASICINFORMATIONAFTERTHESTUDENTSENTERINGTHESCHOOL,THESCHOOLWILLAUTOMATICALLYGENERATEFOREACHSTUDENTAPRIMARYKEY,WHICHISTHEONLYSTUDENTIDASWELL,ANDITISASSIGNEDTOTHESPECIFIEDDORMITORYBUILDINGSANDDORMITORYEACHDORMITORYHASAUNIQUEDORMITORYHOUSENUMBERSTUDENTREGISTRATIONTIMEISTHETIMEWHENSTUDENTSENTERSCHOOLINADDITION,STUDENTSGENERALLYWITHTHESAMECOLLEGELIVEINTHESAMEBUILDING,INORDERTOFACILITATETHEMANAGEMENTTHEREARECORRESPONDINGDEPARTMENTNAMESINTHEINFORMATIONBASICINFORMATIONOFDORMITORYEACHDORMITORYHASAPRIMARYKEYDORMITORYNUMBEREACHDORMITORYHASAPHONE,ITISCORRESPONDINGTOTHEDORMITORYPHONENUMBERBASICINFORMATIONOFDORMITORYPROPERTYPROJECTTHESCHOOLSPUBLICPROPERTYINCLUDESLIGHTBULBS,BEDS,TABLESANDCHAIRS,ETCINORDERTOMAKEBETTERDISTINCTIONFORDIFFERENTITEMS,ANDITEMNUMBERSAREASSIGNEDFOREACHITEMTHEMAINPURPOSEISTOBEMORECONDUCIVETOREPAIRANDMANAGEDORMITORYPUBLICITEMSBASICINFORMATIONOFEXPRESSTHEREISEXPRESSMANAGEMENTINEACHDORMITORYWHENSTUDENTSHAVEALETTERONTHEBUILDING,THEARRIVALTIMEOFTHELETTERWILLSHOWCORRESPONDINGLY,ANDACCEPTTHELETTERWITHSTUDENTSNAMEANDTHEHOUSENUMBEROFHISDORMITORYASTUDENTCANHAVESEVERALEXPRESSATONETIME,ITISNECESSARYHAVECOLUMNTHATSHOWTHENUMBEROFEXPRESSWHENTHEEXPRESSARRIVES,THEREWILLBEANARRIVALTIMEAFTERTHESTUDENTHASSUCCESSFULLYRECEIVEDEXPRESSMAIL,ITSHOWSSUCCESSFULRECEIPTBASICINFORMATIONOFPUBLICREPAIRTHEPUBLICPROPERTYOFDORMITORYOFTENNEEDTOBEREPAIREDDUETODAMAGE,ATTHISTIME,THESTUDENTSSHOULDNUMBERTHEITEM,ITEMNAME,ANDTHECAUSEOFTHEDAMAGE,ANDREPORTTOTHEDORMITORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,MANAGEMENTWILLSEEITTHISTIME,NOTIFYTHERELEVANTPERSONNELTOREPAIRDORMITORYPROPERTYTHEREPORTWILLGENERATEANREPORTTIME,ANDHAVEASUCCESSFULREPAIRTIMEAFTERTHEREPAIRISCOMPLETEDBASICINFORMATIONOFNIGHTRETURNSTUDENTSSOMETIMESAREOVERTHECLOSINGTIMEOFDORMITORYBECAUSEOFSOMETHINGS,ATTHISTIME,DORMITORYMANAGEMENTPERSONNELSHOULDMAKECORRESPONDINGRECORDONTHESYSTEM,FOREXAMPLETIMEOFNIGHTRETURN,PERSONNELSNAMEOFNIGHTRETURN,STUDENTNUMBER,THEREASONFORRETURNLATEANDSOON,INORDERTOVERIFYLATERBASICINFORMATIONFORLEAVINGSCHOOLEVERYYEARWHENTHESCHOOLINWINTERVACATION,SUMMERVACATION,ANDALLKINDSOFSMALL

簡介：學(xué)號號0121210340318課內(nèi)實踐課內(nèi)實踐題目題目WHILE循環(huán)語句的翻譯程序設(shè)計循環(huán)語句的翻譯程序設(shè)計（LR方法、輸出四元式）方法、輸出四元式）學(xué)院學(xué)院計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院專業(yè)專業(yè)計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)班級班級計算機計算機1203班姓名姓名指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師2014年月日系主任（或責(zé)任教師）簽名系主任（或責(zé)任教師）簽名20142014年月日1、系統(tǒng)描述、系統(tǒng)描述通過設(shè)計、編制、調(diào)試一個WHILE循環(huán)語句的語法及語義分析程序，實現(xiàn)詞法分析程序?qū)卧~序列的詞法檢查和分析，加深對語法及語義分析原理的理解。用語法制導(dǎo)完成語義分析，并將形成的中間代碼以四元式的形式輸出。2、文法及屬性文法的描述、文法及屬性文法的描述211WHILEWHILE文法的描述文法的描述文法1SS2SWHILEB{E}3EAE4EA5AIPA6AI7BITI8BI其中WHILE、、、{、}、P、T、；和I均為終結(jié)符，而S、A、B、E這些大寫字母均為非終結(jié)符。T表示比較運算符，P表示算術(shù)運算符，I表示合法標(biāo)識符。AUTHORAUTHORHANXU2222屬性文法的翻譯（制導(dǎo)）屬性文法的翻譯（制導(dǎo)）對該文法的屬性文法描述如下1SWHILEB{E}PRINFIFBGOTOEELSEGOTONEXT2EAEPRINTEVALAVALEVAL3EAPRINTEVALAVAL4AIPAPRINTAIVALPAVAL5AI；AVALI；6BITIPRINTBI1VALTI2VAL7BIBVALI

簡介：LESSONONE2克服困難OVERCOMETHEDIFFICULTY破壞友誼WRECKAFRIENDSHIP擰開瓶蓋UNSCREWTHECAPOFABOTTLE擰緊瓶蓋TIGHTENTHECAPOFABOTTLE回復(fù)電話RETURNACALL假裝努力FEIGNAGREATEFFORT不辭辛苦TAKEMUCHTROUBLE減弱燈光DIMTHELIGHTS養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣ACQUIRETHEHABIT別有用心HAVESOMEULTERIORMOTIVE附加條件ATTACHASTRING金科玉律THEGOLDENRULE引擎出現(xiàn)故障HAVEENGINETROUBLE不耐煩DISPLAYIMPATIENCE鳴喇叭BLOWAHORN鋪路PAVEAROADUSETHE“USEFULEXPRESSIONS”1杜教授不把自己的的思想觀點強加給學(xué)生,而是鼓勵他們獨立思考1PROFESSORDUDOESN’TIMPOSEHISIDEAONHISSTUDENTS,INSTEADHEENCOURAGESTHEMTOTHINKINDEPENDENTLY使們父母擔(dān)心的從來也不是他的成績不好,面是他對學(xué)什么都不感興趣HARDBYUSINGTHETEENAGERHEROESINTHEPAST9我們裝修FIX公寓時,必須為鄰居考慮9WHENWEFIXTHEAPARTMENT,WEMUSTBECONSIDERATEOFOURNEIGHBORS10他感到他人工作中所得到的與所投入的不平衡10HEFEELSTHATWHATHEGETSFROMWORKDOESN’TEQUALWHATHEPUTSIN11為了不使她感到難堪,我們都說沒有看出有什么毛病11INORDERNOTTOMAKEHERFEELEMBARRASSED,WEALLSAYTHATNOTHINGISWRONG12你所缺少的不是書本知識而是實踐12WHATYOULACKISNOTSOMUCHTHEKNOWLEDGEFROMWORKASPRACTICEUSEWAY,FOLLOWANDWATCH1如果你愿意的話,就帶著我,我?guī)闳プ罱泥]局1IFYOULIKE,PLEASEFOLLOWMEANDIWILLTAKEYOUTOTHENEARESTPOSTOFFICE2這個周末我不想呆在家里看電視我決定去看一場電影來換換口味FORACHANCE2THISWEEKENDIWON’TSTAYATHOMETOWATCHTVIDECIDETOSEEAFILMFORACHANGE

簡介：1翻譯中容易以今律古的翻譯中容易以今律古的2525個實詞個實詞命題者通常會選用那些最容易讓考生以今律古的實詞來翻譯。為此，考生千萬不要先入命題者通常會選用那些最容易讓考生以今律古的實詞來翻譯。為此，考生千萬不要先入為主，為主，“今為古用”“今為古用”，應(yīng)該緊緊結(jié)合語境確定其義。該專題選擇了出現(xiàn)頻率較高又容易以今律，應(yīng)該緊緊結(jié)合語境確定其義。該專題選擇了出現(xiàn)頻率較高又容易以今律古的古的2525個實詞譯句，以提醒考生不可以今律古，要在語境中準(zhǔn)確翻譯其義。個實詞譯句，以提醒考生不可以今律古，要在語境中準(zhǔn)確翻譯其義。翻譯文段中畫線的句子，并準(zhǔn)確填出詞義。1．?dāng)_故太子少師清獻趙公，既薨之三年，其子屼除喪來告于朝曰“先臣既葬，而墓隧之碑無名與文，無以昭示來世，敢以請?！碧熳釉弧拔澯柘日?，以惠術(shù)擾民如鄭子產(chǎn)，以忠言摩士如晉叔向?！蹦艘詯壑泵浔置驾Y為之文。節(jié)選自蘇軾趙清獻公神道碑1譯文________________________________________________________________________2不是所有的“擾”都是“干擾”意，如上文中的“擾”就是“________”意。2．方雙節(jié)堂庸訓(xùn)者，龍莊居士教其子孫之所作也。居士扃關(guān)閉門養(yǎng)疴，日讀顏氏家訓(xùn)袁氏世范，與兒輩講求持身涉世之方，或揭其理，或證以事。節(jié)選自汪輝祖〈雙節(jié)堂庸訓(xùn)〉自序1譯文________________________________________________________________________2不是所有的“方”都是“方圓”“方正”意，如上文中的“方”就是“________”意。3．知種放與母俱隱終南豹林谷之東明峰。淳化三年，陜西轉(zhuǎn)運宋惟干言英才行，詔使召之。其母恚曰“常勸汝勿聚徒講學(xué)，身既隱矣，何用文為果為人知而不得安處，我將棄汝深入窮山矣?！狈欧Q疾不起。其母盡取其筆硯焚之，與放轉(zhuǎn)居窮僻，人跡罕至。太宗嘉其節(jié)，詔京兆賜以緡錢使養(yǎng)母，不奪其志，有司歲時存問。節(jié)選自宋史種放傳1譯文________________________________________________________________________2不是所有的“知”都是“知道”“了解”“掌管”意，如上文中的“知”就是“________”意。4．訪元載當(dāng)國久，益恣橫。棲筠指傳主李棲筠素方挺，無所屈。帝欲相棲筠，憚載輒止。然有進用，皆密訪焉，多所補助。棲筠見帝猗違不斷，亦內(nèi)憂憤。節(jié)選自新唐書李棲筠傳1譯文________________________________________________________________________3四年正月，詔崇古指傳主王崇古總督宣、大、山西軍務(wù)。崇古禁邊卒闌出，而縱其素通寇者深入為間。又檄勞番、漢陷寇軍民，率眾降及自拔者，悉存撫之。節(jié)選自明史王崇古傳1譯文________________________________________________________________________2不是所有的“存”都是“存在”意，如上文中的“存”就是“________”意。11．構(gòu)昭儉指傳主楊昭儉美風(fēng)儀，善談名理，事晉有直聲。然利口喜譏訾，執(zhí)政大臣懼其構(gòu)謗，多曲徇其意。節(jié)選自宋史楊昭儉傳1譯文________________________________________________________________________2不是所有的“構(gòu)”都是“構(gòu)建”意，如上文中的“構(gòu)”就是“________”意。12．誅希亮指傳主陳希亮為人清勁寡欲，不假人以色，自王公貴人，皆嚴(yán)憚之。見義勇發(fā)，不計禍福。所至，奸民猾吏易心改行，不改者必誅。然出于仁恕，故嚴(yán)而不殘。節(jié)選自宋史列傳第五十七1譯文________________________________________________________________________2不是所有的“誅”都是“殺”意，如上文中的“誅”就是“________”意。13．廉1今之君子則不然，其責(zé)人也詳，其待己也廉。詳，故人難于為善；廉，故自取也少。節(jié)選自韓愈原毀譯文________________________________________________________________________2概指傳主熊概用法嚴(yán)，奸民憚之。宣德二年，行在都御史劾概與春指另一人物葉春所至作威福，縱兵擾民。帝弗問，陰使御史廉之，無所得，由是益任概。節(jié)選自明史列傳第四十七譯文________________________________________________________________________3不是所有的“廉”都是“廉潔”意，如上文1中的“廉”就是“______”意，上文2中的“廉”就是“______”意。14．貸陳公弼徙知廬州?；⒁碥娛客蛪鄞赫咭灾\反誅，而遷其余不反者數(shù)百人于廬。士方自疑不安。一日，有竊入府舍將為不利者。公笑曰“此必醉耳?！辟J而流之，盡以其余給左右使令，且以守倉庫。

簡介：上海海事大學(xué)上海海事大學(xué)SHANGHAIMARITIMEUNIVERSITY碩士學(xué)位論文MASTERDISSERTATION學(xué)校代碼10254密級論文編號論文題目德國功能理論視角下的企業(yè)外宣資料翻譯學(xué)科專業(yè)外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)作者姓名申彩云指導(dǎo)教師瞿宗德副教授完成日期二○○九年五月IACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFORTHEBIRTHOFTHISPAPER,IWOULDLIKETOEXPRESSMYHEARTFELTTHANKSTOALLTHOSEWHOHAVEPROVIDEDMEWITHVARIOUSFORMSOFHELPINMYWRITINGOFTHISTHESISIAMLUCKYTOHAVEPROFESSORQUASMYTUTOR,WHOCONTINUESTOBEASOURCEOFCOURAGEANDINSPIRATIONFORALLTHESETWOYEARSTHISISUNDOUBTEDLYANAPPROPRIATEPLACEFORMETOEXPRESSMYSINCEREAPPRECIATIONOFHISINSIGHTFULSUGGESTIONSANDGENEROUSHELPBOTHINLIFEANDINACADEMICPURSUITSHISCRITICALANDCAREFULREADINGOFMYPAPERHASSAVEDMEFROMALOTOFERRORSWITHOUTHISGUIDANCEANDENCOURAGEMENT,MYPAPERWOULDHAVENEVERCOMEOUTINTHEPRESENTFORMINADDITION,MYGENUINETHANKSMUSTBEGIVENTOALLTHETEACHERSWHOHAVEGIVENMEWONDERFULLECTURESONTRANSLATIONTHEORYTHEIRLECTURESHAVEGIVENMEAFULLVIEWINTOTHETRANSLATIONSTUDIES,ANDEQUIPPEDMEWITHMUCHKNOWLEDGEINMYRESEARCHFIELD

簡介：1UNIT1BIOMEDICALENGINEERINGLESSON1AHISTORYOFBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGINITSBROADESTSENSE,BIOMEDICALENGINEERINGHASBEENWITHUSFORCENTURIES,PERHAPSEVENTHOUSANDSOFYEARSIN2000,GERMANARCHEOLOGISTSUNCOVERA3,000YEAROLDMUMMYFROMTHEBESWITHAWOODENPROSTHETICTIEDTOITSFOOTTOSERVEASABIGTOERESEARCHERSSAIDTHEWEARONTHEBOTTOMSURFACESUGGESTSTHATITCOULDBETHEOLDESTKNOWNLIMBPROSTHESISEGYPTIANSALSOUSEDHOLLOWREEDSTOLOOKANDLISTENTOTHEINTERNALGOINGSONOFTHEHUMANANATOMYIN1816,MODESTYPREVENTEDFRENCHPHYSICIANRENELAENNECFROMPLACINGHISEARNEXTTOAYOUNGWOMAN’SBARECHEST,SOHEROLLEDUPANEWSPAPERANDLISTENEDTHROUGHIT,TRIGGERINGTHEIDEAFORHISINVENTIONTHATLEDTOTODAY’SUBIQUITOUSSTETHOSCOPE廣義上來說,生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程與我們已經(jīng)幾個世紀(jì)以來,甚至數(shù)千年。2000年,德國考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一個3000歲高齡的木乃伊從底比斯木制假肢與作為大腳趾的腳。研究人員說,穿底部表面上表明它可能是最古老的下肢義肢。埃及人也用空心的蘆葦外觀和聽人類解剖學(xué)的內(nèi)部行為。1816年,謙虛阻止法國醫(yī)生雷奈克把他的耳朵旁邊一個年輕女人的裸胸,所以他卷起報紙和聽它,引發(fā)他的發(fā)明的想法,導(dǎo)致今天無處不在的聽診器。NOMATTERWHATTHEDATE,BIOMEDICALENGINEERINGHASPROVIDEDADVANCESINMEDICALTECHNOLOGYTOIMPROVEHUMANHEALTHBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGACHIEVEMENTSRANGEFROMEARLYDEVICES,SUCHASCRUTCHES,PLATFORMSHOES,WOODENTEETH,ANDTHEEVERCHANGINGCACHEOFINSTRUMENTSINADOCTOR’SBLACKBAG,TOMOREMODERNMARVELS,INCLUDINGPACEMAKERS,THEHEARTLUNGMACHINE,DIALYSISMACHINES,DIAGNOSTICEQUIPMENT,IMAGINGTECHNOLOGIESOFEVERYKIND,ANDARTIFICIALORGANS,IMPLANTSANDADVANCEDPROSTHETICSTHENATIONALACADEMYOFENGINEERINGESTIMATESTHATTHEREARECURRENTLYABOUT32,000BIOENGINEERSWORKINGINVARIOUSAREASOFHEALTHTECHNOLOGY無論什么日期,生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程提供了先進的醫(yī)療技術(shù)來改善人類健康。生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程成就范圍從早期設(shè)備,如拐杖,松糕鞋,木制的牙齒,和不斷變化的緩存工具在醫(yī)生的黑包,更現(xiàn)代的奇跡,包括心臟起搏器、人工心肺機,透析機器,診斷設(shè)備,各種成像技術(shù),和人造器官,移植和先進的假肢。美國國家工程學(xué)院的估計,目前大約有32000生物各領(lǐng)域工作的衛(wèi)生技術(shù)。ASANACADEMICENDEAVOR,THEROOTSOFBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGREACHBACKTOEARLYDEVELOPMENTSINELECTROPHYSIOLOGY,WHICHORIGINATEDABOUT200YEARSAGOANEARLYLANDMARKINELECTROPHYSIOLOGYOCCURREDIN1848WHENDUBOISREYMONDPUBLISHEDTHEWIDELYRECOGNIZEDUEBERDIETIERISCHEELEKTRIZITAETRAYMOND’SCONTEMPORARY,HERMANNVONHELMHOLTZ,ISCREDITEDWITHAPPLYINGENGINEERINGPRINCIPLESTOAPROBLEMINPHYSIOLOGYANDDENTIFYINGTHERESISTANCEOFMUSCLEANDNERVOUSTISSUESTODIRECTCURRENT作為一個學(xué)術(shù)努力,生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程的根源及早期電生理學(xué)的發(fā)展,起源于約200年前。電生理學(xué)的早期具有里程碑意義的發(fā)生在1848年當(dāng)杜布瓦REYMOND發(fā)表了公認(rèn)UEBER死TIERISCHEELEKTRIZITAET。赫爾曼馮雷蒙德當(dāng)代亥姆霍茲因應(yīng)用工程原則問題在生理學(xué)和DENTIFYING電阻直流的肌肉和神經(jīng)組織。IN1895,WILHELMROENTGENACCIDENTALLYDISCOVEREDTHATACATHODERAYTUBECOULDMAKEASHEETOFPAPERCOATEDWITHBARIUMPLATINOCYANIDEGLOW,EVENWHENTHETUBEANDTHEPAPERWEREINSEPARATEROOMSROENTGENDECIDEDTHETUBEMUSTBEEMITTINGSOMEKINDOFPENETRATINGRAYS,WHICHHECALLED“X”RAYSFORUNKNOWNTHISSETOFFAFLURRYOFRESEARCHINTOTHETISSUEPENETRATINGANDTISSUEDESTROYINGPROPERTIESOFXRAYS,ALINEOFRESEARCHTHATULTIMATELYPRODUCEDTHEMODERNARRAYOFMEDICALIMAGINGTECHNOLOGIESANDVIRTUALLYELIMINATEDTHENEEDFOREXPLORATORYSURGERYAIEE1BEGANABOUT1948IN1954,THEAIEE,THEIREANDTHEISAFORMEDTHEJOINTEXECUTIVECOMMITTEEONMEDICINEANDBIOLOGY,WHICHBEGANORGANIZINGTHEANNUALCONFERENCES1951憤怒的約定產(chǎn)生足夠的興趣,醫(yī)療電子產(chǎn)品的憤怒形成一個專業(yè)小組醫(yī)療電子產(chǎn)品。本集團的早期行動是合作的年度會議上電子儀器和原子核物理學(xué)在醫(yī)學(xué)、AIEE1大約始于1948年。1954年,AIEE,憤怒和ISA形成聯(lián)合執(zhí)行委員會醫(yī)學(xué)和生物學(xué),開始組織的年度會議。IN1963,THEAIEEANDTHEIREMERGEDTOFORMTHEINSTITUTEOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICSENGINEERINGCONTRIBUTINGFORCESFORTHEMERGERWERETHEMEMBERSOFTHEAIEEANDIRETECHNICALCOMMITTEESFORBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGMOSTMEMBERSFAVOREDITANDHADBEENCOLLABORATINGWITHTHEIRCOUNTERPARTSINTHEOTHERSOCIETYFORYEARS1963年,AIEE和憤怒合并形成了電氣與電子工程學(xué)院。貢獻力量的合并是成員AIEE和憤怒為生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程技術(shù)委員會。大多數(shù)成員支持,在其他社會和同行合作多年。ATTHEMERGERITWASDECIDEDTOCARRYOVERTOTHEIRESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALGROUPSTHEIREPROFESSIONALGROUPONMEDICALELECTRONICSBECAMETHEIEEEPROFESSIONALGROUPON3BIOMEDICALENGINEERINGPGBME,THENAMECHANGEREFLECTINGTHEFACTTHATMANYMEMBERS,PARTICULARLYFORMERAIEEMEMBERS,WERECONCERNEDWITHNONELECTRONICTOPICSALSOINTHEEARLY1960STHENIH2TOOKTHREESIGNIFICANTSTEPSTOSUPPORTBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGFIRST,ITCREATEDAPROGRAMPROJECTCOMMITTEEUNDERTHEGENERALMEDICALSCIENCESINSTITUTETOEVALUATEPROGRAMPROJECTAPPLICATIONS,MANYOFWHICHSERVEDBIOPHYSICSANDBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGTHENITSETUPABIOMEDICALENGINEERINGTRAININGSTUDYSECTIONTOEVALUATETRAININGGRANTAPPLICATIONS,ANDITESTABLISHEDTWOBIOPHYSICSSTUDYSECTIONSASPECIAL“FLOATING”STUDYSECTIONPROCESSEDAPPLICATIONSINBIOACOUSTICSANDBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGMANYAPPLICATIONSDIDNOTMAKEITTOTHEBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGSTUDYSECTIONANDENDEDUPINRADIOLOGY,PHYSIOLOGYOROTHERPANELSTHEDIVERSITYOFWORKINBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGANDTHEDIVERSITYOFBACKGROUNDOFTHEPEOPLECONTRIBUTINGTOTHISFIELDMADEITDIFFICULTFORASINGLEORGANIZATIONTOREPRESENTEVERYONE3INTHE1960STHEREWEREEFFORTSBYSOMELEADERSOFTHEPGBME,WHICHBECAMETHEIEEEENGINEERINGINMEDICINEANDBIOLOGYSOCIETY,TOACHIEVEGREATERAUTONOMYWITHINTHEIEEEINORDERTOACCOMMODATEAMOREDIVERSEMEMBERSHIPBECAUSETHEREWEREQUITEAFEWPROFESSIONALGROUPS,SEVERALUMBRELLAORGANIZATIONSWEREESTABLISHEDTOFACILITATECOOPERATIONINTHELATE1960STHEALLIANCEFORENGINEERINGINMEDICINEANDBIOLOGYWASFORMEDIN1968,THEBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGSOCIETYWASFORMEDTOGIVE“EQUALSTATUSTOREPRESENTATIVESOFBOTHBIOMEDICALANDENGINEERINGINTERESTSANDPROMOTETHEINCREASEOFBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGKNOWLEDGEANDITSUTILIZATION“INITIALLY,THEMEMBERSHIPOFTHESOCIETYCONSISTEDOF171FOUNDINGMEMBERSAND89CHARTERMEMBERSMEMBERSHIPNOWNUMBERSNEARLY1,200PROFESSIONALBIOMEDICALENGINEERS,WITHANOTHER1,600STUDENTMEMBERS在合并決定繼續(xù)憤怒系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)團體。醫(yī)療電子產(chǎn)品成為了IEEE憤怒專業(yè)小組3生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程專業(yè)小組PGBME,許多成員名稱更改反映了事實,尤其是前AIEE成員關(guān)心非電子的話題。也在1960年代初美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院2花了三個重要的步驟來支持生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程。首先,它創(chuàng)建了一個項目委員會一般醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究所評估項目應(yīng)用程序,其中很多生物物理學(xué)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程。然后建立了一個生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程訓(xùn)練研究部分,評估培訓(xùn)應(yīng)用,和它建立了兩個生物物理學(xué)研究部分。一個特殊的“漂浮”在生物聲學(xué)研究部分加工應(yīng)用和生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程。許多應(yīng)用程序沒有生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程研究部分,最終在放射學(xué),生理學(xué)或其他面板。

簡介：UNIT1一、短語和句子翻譯1感冒2胃痛3發(fā)燒4躺下5休息6令某人驚訝的是7RIGHTAWAY8GETINTOTROUBLE9BEUSEDTODOING10BEUSEDTODO11USEDTODO12冒險13RUNOUTOF14GETOUTOF15BEINCOUTROLOF16放棄17感到惡心18照X光19PUTABANDAGEONIT20WHAT’SWRONG21我妹妹和我得了咽喉痛。22我應(yīng)該怎么辦23她昨天講的太多而且沒有喝足夠的水。24我應(yīng)該敷點藥在上面嗎不，不用。25他應(yīng)該量體溫。二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1FOOT復(fù)___________2TOOTH復(fù)_____________3HEAD→頭疼4STOMACH→胃痛5WE→反身代詞______________6CLIMB→N_______7KNIFE復(fù)___________8DEATH→ADJ_________→V________9IMPORTANCE→N___________10DECISION→VUNIT2一、短語和句子翻譯1打掃干凈2振奮起來；鼓勵3GIVEOUT4COMEUPWITH5推遲6給某人打電話7CAREFOR8參加選拔9自愿做10贈送11修理12長得像13SETUP14MAKEADIFFERENCE15PUTUP16養(yǎng)老院17感到孤獨18在歲的時19ATTHESAMETIME20WOULDLIKETODO1我長得像我爸爸2我想要幫助無家可歸的人。3小明相信這個能幫他得到他理想的工作。4我感到非常幸運的擁有了這條狗。二、詞形變化1TRAINV→N2OWNV→N3DIFFICULTADJ→N4KINDADJ→N5INTERESTV→ADJ3UNIT5一、翻譯1（鬧鐘）發(fā)出聲響2接電話3進入夢鄉(xiāng)4逐漸變?nèi)?看一看6前往7沉默；無色8拆除9首先；起初10WALKHOME11ATTHEBUSSTOP12RAINHEAVILY13TAKEAHOTSHOWER14HELPWITH15MAKESURE16INAMESS17PIECESOFWOOD18WALKBY19BYTHESIDEOFTHEROAD20BEKILLED21HAVEMEANINGTOSB22HAVETROUBLEDOING23ATTHETIMEOF24THEANIMALHELPLINE25BEATAGAINST26IMPORTANTEVENTSINHISTORY27THEWORLDTRADECENTER28BRINGTOGETHER29昨晚下雨的時候你在干什么我在幫我媽媽做飯。30LINDA在睡覺的時候，JENNY在干什么LINDA在睡覺的時候，JENNY在幫MARRY做作業(yè)。二、詞形變化1SILENCEN→ADJ2COMPETEV→N3MESSN→ADJ4DIEV→N→ADJ→VINGUNIT6一、短語翻譯1有點；稍微2變成3代替4從前5結(jié)婚6愛上；喜歡上7被感動8ASSOONAS9CONTINUETODO10KEEPDOING11GIVEUP12ATOTHERTIMES13MORETHAN14BE/BECOMEINTERESTEDIN15THEWEAK16WALKTOTHEOTHERSIDE17REMINDSBOFSTH18BE/GETLOST19INTHEMOONLIGHT20NEVERMIND21WORKONDOING22MAKESTHHAPPEN23TELLSBTODO24CHANGEONE’SPLAN25THEMAINCHARACTER26你覺得愚公的故事怎么樣27故事是怎么開始的28接下來發(fā)生什么事29誰是美猴王二、詞形變化1TRADITIONN→ADJ2WESTN→ADJ3WIFE→復(fù)數(shù)4BRAVEADJ→ADV

簡介：1/41UNIT1TEXTANEVER,EVERGIVEUP永不言棄1ASAYOUNGBOY,BRITAINSGREATPRIMEMINISTER,SIRWINSTONCHURCHILL,ATTENDEDAPUBLICSCHOOLCALLEDHARROWHEWASNOTAGOODSTUDENT,ANDHADHENOTBEENFROMAFAMOUSFAMILY,HEPROBABLYWOULDHAVEBEENREMOVEDFROMTHESCHOOLFORDEVIATINGFROMTHERULESTHANKFULLY,HEDIDFINISHATHARROWANDHISERRORSTHEREDIDNOTPRECLUDEHIMFROMGOINGONTOTHEUNIVERSITYHEEVENTUALLYHADAPREMIERARMYCAREERWHEREBYHEWASLATERELECTEDPRIMEMINISTERHEACHIEVEDFAMEFORHISWIT,WISDOM,CIVICDUTY,ANDABUNDANTCOURAGEINHISREFUSALTOSURRENDERDURINGTHEMISERABLEDARKDAYSOFWORLDWARIIHISAMAZINGDETERMINATIONHELPEDMOTIVATEHISENTIRENATIONANDWASANINSPIRATIONWORLDWIDE英國的偉大首相溫斯頓丘吉爾爵士，小時候在哈羅公學(xué)上學(xué)。當(dāng)時他可不是個好學(xué)生，要不是出身名門，他可能早就因為違反紀(jì)律被開除了。謝天謝地，他總算從哈羅畢業(yè)了，在那里犯下的錯誤并沒影響到他上大學(xué)。后來，他憑著軍旅生涯中的杰出表現(xiàn)當(dāng)選為英國首相。他的才思、智慧、公民責(zé)任感以及在二戰(zhàn)痛苦而黑暗的時期拒絕投降的無畏勇氣，為他贏得了美名。他非凡的決心，不僅激勵了整個民族，還鼓舞了全世界。2TOWARDTHEENDOFHISPERIODASPRIMEMINISTER,HEWASINVITEDTOADDRESSTHEPATRIOTICYOUNGBOYSATHISOLDSCHOOL,HARROWTHEHEADMASTERSAID,“YOUNGGENTLEMEN,THEGREATESTSPEAKEROFOURTIME,WILLBEHEREINAFEWDAYSTOADDRESSYOU,ANDYOUSHOULDOBEYWHATEVERSOUNDADVICEHEMAYGIVEYOU“THEGREATDAYARRIVEDSIRWINSTONSTOODUP,ALLFIVEFEET,FIVEINCHESAND107KILOSOFHIM,ANDGAVETHISSHORT,CLEARCUTSPEECH“YOUNGMEN,NEVERGIVEUPNEVERGIVEUPNEVERGIVEUPNEVER,NEVER,NEVER,NEVER“在他首相任期即將結(jié)束時，他應(yīng)邀前往母校哈羅公學(xué)，為滿懷報國之志的同學(xué)們作演講。校長說“年輕的先生們，當(dāng)代最偉大的演說家過幾天就會來為你們演講，他提出的任何中肯的建議，你們都要聽從?！蹦莻€激動人心的日子終于到了。溫斯頓爵士站了起來他只有5英尺5英寸高，體重卻有107公斤。他作了言簡意賅的講話“年輕人，要永不放棄。永不放棄永不放棄永不，永不，永不，永不”3PERSONALHISTORY,EDUCATIONALOPPORTUNITY,INDIVIDUALDILEMMASNONEOFTHESECANINHIBITASTRONGSPIRITCOMMITTEDTOSUCCESSNOTASKISTOOHARDNOAMOUNTOFPREPARATIONISTOOLONGORTOODIFFICULTTAKETHEEXAMPLEOFTWOOFTHEMOSTSCHOLARLYSCIENTISTSOFOURAGE,ALBERTEINSTEINANDTHOMASEDISONBOTHFACEDIMMENSEOBSTACLESANDEXTREMECRITICISMBOTHWERECALLED“SLOWTOLEARN“ANDWRITTENOFFASIDIOTSBYTHEIRTEACHERSTHOMASEDISONRANAWAYFROMSCHOOLBECAUSEHISTEACHERWHIPPEDHIMREPEATEDLYFORASKINGTOOMANYQUESTIONSEINSTEINDIDNTSPEAKFLUENTLYUNTILHEWASALMOSTNINEYEARSOLDANDWASSUCHAPOORSTUDENTTHATSOMETHOUGHTHEWASUNABLETOLEARNYETBOTHBOYSPARENTSBELIEVEDINTHEMTHEYWORKEDINTENSELYEACHDAYWITHTHEIRSONS,ANDTHEBOYSLEARNEDTONEVERBYPASSTHELONGHOURSOFHARDWORKTHATTHEYNEEDEDTOSUCCEEDINTHEEND,BOTHEINSTEINANDEDISONOVERCAMETHEIRCHILDHOODPERSECUTIONANDWENTONTOACHIEVEMAGNIFICENTDISCOVERIESTHATBENEFITTHEENTIREWORLDTODAY個人經(jīng)歷、教育機會、個人困境，這些都不能阻擋一個全力以赴追求成功的、有著堅強意志的人。任務(wù)再苦，準(zhǔn)備再長，難度再大，都不能讓他放棄自己的追求。就以本時代最有學(xué)問的兩位科學(xué)家阿爾伯特愛因斯坦和托馬斯愛迪生為例，他們都曾面臨巨大的障礙和極端的批評，都曾被說成“不開竅”，被老師當(dāng)成笨蛋而放棄。托馬斯愛迪生還曾逃學(xué)，因為老師嫌他問的問題太多而經(jīng)常鞭打他。愛因斯坦一直到將近9歲才能流利地說話，學(xué)習(xí)成績太差，有些人認(rèn)為他都已經(jīng)學(xué)不好了。然而，這兩個男孩的父母都相信他們。他們堅持不懈地每天和兒子一起努力，孩子們也了解到，要想成功，就絕不要怕付出長期而艱辛的努力。最終，愛因斯坦和愛迪生都擺脫了童年的困擾，進而作出了造福當(dāng)今全世界的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。4CONSIDERALSOTHEHEROICEXAMPLEOFABRAHAMLINCOLN,WHOFACEDSUBSTANTIALHARDSHIPS,FAILURESANDREPEATEDMISFORTUNESINHISLIFETIMEHISBACKGROUNDWASCERTAINLYNOTGLAMOROUSHEWASRAISEDINAVERYPOORFAMILYWITHONLYONEYEAROFFORMALEDUCATIONHEFAILEDINBUSINESSTWICE,SUFFEREDANERVOUSBREAKDOWNWHENHISFIRSTLOVEDIEDSUDDENLYANDLOSTEIGHTPOLITICALELECTIONSLATERINLIFE,HESUFFEREDPROFOUNDGRIEFOVERTHETRAGICDEATHOFTHREEOFHISFOURCHILDRENYETHISSTRONGWILLWASTHESPURTHATPUSHEDHIMFORWARD,STRENGTHENINGHISOPTIMISM,DEDICATIONANDDETERMINATIONITINTENSIFIEDANDFOCUSEDHISEFFORTSANDENABLEDHIMTOTRIUMPHOVERTHEOVERWHELMINGFAILURESANDPROFOUNDDIFFICULTIESINHISLIFEAHUNDREDYEARSLATER,PEOPLEFROMAROUNDTHEWORLDCOMMENDABRAHAMLINCOLNASTHEGREATESTAMERICANPRESIDENTOFALLTIME3/41UNIT1TEXTBCHANCEFAVORSTHEPREPARED機遇偏愛有準(zhǔn)備之人1LESBROWNANDHISTWINBROTHERWEREADOPTEDBYMAMIEBROWN,AKITCHENWORKER,SHORTLYAFTERTHEIRBIRTHINAPOVERTYSTRICKENMIAMINEIGHBORHOOD萊斯布朗和其孿生兄弟出生于邁阿密一個異常貧困的街區(qū)，出生后不久就一起被廚工瑪米布朗收養(yǎng)。2BECAUSEOFHISOVERACTIVEBEHAVIORANDNONSTOPTALKINGASACHILD,LESWASPLACEDINSPECIALEDUCATIONCLASSESFORTHELEARNINGDISABLEDALLTHEWAYTHROUGHHIGHSCHOOLUPONGRADUATION,HEBECAMEAGARBAGECOLLECTORTHEPROSPECTIVEOPPORTUNITIESFORHISFUTURELOOKEDSLIMTOOTHERS,BUTNOTTOLESHEHADAPASSION,ADREAMABIGDREAMTHATHEWASREADYTOWORKHARDFORHEWASDESTINEDTOBEADISCJOCKEY,ALSOKNOWNASA“DJ“,ONEOFTHERADIOCELEBRITIESMIXINGMUSICBROADCASTSFORTHEWHOLECITY由于兒時過度好動，還愛不停地說話，萊斯被送到專為學(xué)習(xí)困難兒童而設(shè)的特殊教育班，并一直讀到了高中。一畢業(yè)，他就成了一名垃圾清運工。大家都覺得他將來不會有什么好前途，但他自己卻不這么想。他有激情，有夢想一個讓他為之奮斗的偉大夢想。他覺得自己一定會成為電臺音樂唱片節(jié)目主持人，通常也叫“DJ”，那可是電臺名人，專門為面向全市的廣播制作音樂節(jié)目。3ATNIGHTHEWOULDTAKEARADIOTOBEDSOHECOULDINDULGEHISDREAMBYLISTENINGTOTHELOCALDJSHECREATEDANIMAGINARYRADIOSTATIONINHISTINYBEDROOMAHAIRBRUSHSERVEDASHISMICROPHONEASHEENERGETICALLYPRACTICEDSPEAKINGHISMASTERPIECESTOHISIMAGINARYLISTENERS一到晚上，他就帶著收音機上床睡覺，這樣他就可以一邊聽著當(dāng)?shù)谼J的節(jié)目，一邊沉浸在自己的夢想里。他在自己的小臥室里營造了一個假想電臺。他把梳子當(dāng)麥克風(fēng)，勁頭十足地對著想象中的聽眾練習(xí)自己的杰作。4HEAGGRAVATEDHISFRIENDSWITHHISCONSTANTPRACTICINGTHEYALLTOLDHIMTHATHEDIDNTHAVEACHANCEANDHEWOULDNEVERBEADJTHEYSCORNEDHIMANDSAIDTOSTOPDREAMINGANDFOCUSONTHEREALWORLDNONETHELESS,LESDIDNTLETTHEIRNEGATIVITYSTOPHIMHEKEPTHISGOALSCLOSETOHISHEARTANDREMAINEDWRAPPEDUPINHISOWNWORLD,COMPLETELYABSORBEDINPREPARINGFORHISFUTURE,PREPARINGTOLIVEHISDREAMASARENOWNEDDJ他無休止地練習(xí)讓朋友們不勝其煩。他們都說他根本沒有機會，永遠(yuǎn)都不可能成為DJ。他們嘲弄他，告訴他別做白日夢，要面對現(xiàn)實。然而，這些負(fù)面影響并沒有讓萊斯停止追求。他心中一直銘記自己的目標(biāo)，繼續(xù)沉浸在自己的世界里，全身心投入到對未來的準(zhǔn)備中，去實現(xiàn)他成為著名DJ的夢想。5ONEDAYLESDECIDEDTOTAKETHEINITIATIVEANDBEGINWITHTHISENTERPRISEHEBOLDLYWENTTOTHELOCALRADIOSTATIONANDTOLDTHESTATIONMANAGERHEUNDERSTOODTHELAYOUTOFTHESTATIONANDWASREADYTOBEADISCJOCKEY一天，萊斯決定主動出擊，開始自己的事業(yè)。他大膽地來到當(dāng)?shù)仉娕_，告訴經(jīng)理他熟悉電臺布局環(huán)境，完全可以成為一名DJ。6THEMANAGERLOOKEDDUBIOUSLYATTHEUNTIDYYOUNGMANINOVERALLSANDASTRAWHATANDINQUIRED,“DOYOUHAVEANYEXPERTISEINBROADCASTING“經(jīng)理滿腹狐疑地看著這個一身工作服還戴著頂草帽的邋遢年輕人，問他“你了解播音的專業(yè)知識嗎”7LESREPLIED,“NOSIR,IDONT“萊斯回答說“不，先生，我不了解?！?“WELL,SON,IMAFRAIDWEDONTHAVEAJOBFORYOUTHEN,“HERESPONDEDBLUNTLYSO,LESFIRSTCHANCEATSUCCESSHADBEENACOMPLETEBUST“哦，孩子，那恐怕我們沒法雇用你，”經(jīng)理直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼗貞?yīng)。就這樣，萊斯對成功的第一次嘗試完全以失敗告終。

簡介：新編英語教程第三版第四冊練習(xí)冊翻譯題答案（總主編李觀儀，主編梅德明版）新編英語教程第三版第四冊練習(xí)冊翻譯題答案（總主編李觀儀，主編梅德明版）UNIT11每當(dāng)他午夜下班回家，他總是躡手躡腳地上樓，以免吵醒鄰居。EVERYTIMEHERETURNEDHOMEFROMWORKATMIDNIGHT,HEWOULDTIPTOEUPSTAIRS,TRYINGNOTTODISTURBHISNEIGHBORS2為了與新來的鄰居建立一種和睦的關(guān)系，格林先生不失時機地主動幫她把行李搬進屋子。TOESTABLISHSOMEKINDOFRAPPORTWITHHISNEWNEIGHBOR,MRJONESLOSTNOCHANCEINOFFERINGTOCARRYHERLUGGAGEINTOTHEHOUSE3米勒博士向我們推薦的文章中論述了空氣污染問題，同時也提到了諸如水污染、噪音污染和視覺污染等問題。THEARTICLERECOMMENDEDBYDRMILLERCENTERSONTHEPROBLEMOFAIRPOLLUTIONMEANWHILE,ITTOUCHESUPONOTHERSISSUESSUCHASWATERPOLLUTION,NOISEPOLLUTIONANDVISUALPOLLUTION4要不是她朋友時常鼓勵她、幫助她，她將一事無成。IFITHADNOTBEENFORTHECONSTANTENCOURAGEMENTANDHELPFROMHERFRIENDS,SHECOULDN’THAVEACCOMPLISHEDANYTHING5幾天前他還對這項計劃嗤之以鼻，可他現(xiàn)在卻以高漲的熱情去努力落實這項計劃，這轉(zhuǎn)變真令人難以理解。ITWASONLYAFEWDAYSAGOTHATHEWASFULLOFCONTEMPTFORTHENEWPROJECT,BUTHEISNOWWORKINGHARDWITHZESTFORITSREALIZATIONWHATABAFFLINGCHANGE6從她的自傳可以斷定，她對那名鋼琴師始終懷有一種復(fù)雜的感情。JUDGINGFROMWHATSHEWROTEINHERAUTOBIOGRAPHY,SHEALWAYSHADMIXEDFEELINGSFORTHATPIANIST7他在大廳里候機時與兩名美國旅行者攀談起來，談到了很多有趣的跨文化方面的問題。WHILEWAITINGINTHELOUNGEFORTHEFLIGHT,HESTRUCKUPACONVERSATIONWITHTWOAMERICANTRAVELERSANDTOUCHEDONMANYINTERESTINGCROSSCULTURALISSUES8這些女孩子都害怕晚上單身一人值夜班。THESEGIRLSALLDREADWORKINGALONEONNIGHTDUTY8看到久別了的兒子下了船，老人激動不已，可出乎意料的是，小伙子卻視而不見，轉(zhuǎn)身就走。HEWASVERYEXCITEDATTHESIGHTOFHISSON,WHOMHEHADNOTMETFORALONGTIME,GETTINGOFFTHESHIPBUTITWASQUITEOUTOFHISEXPECTATIONTHATHISSONPRETENDEDNOTTOSEEHIMANDTURNINGHISBACKTOHISFATHER,THEYOUNGMANWALKEDOFFRIGHTAWAY9這兩個鄰國結(jié)束了長達(dá)十年的戰(zhàn)爭，簽署了和約。自那時起，兩國的經(jīng)濟交往和雙邊貿(mào)易得到迅猛發(fā)展。THETWONEIGHBORINGCOUNTRIESSTOPPEDTHEDECADELONGWARANDSIGNEDAPEACEAGREEMENTFROMTHENON,THEIRECONOMICEXCHANGEANDBILATERALTRADEDEVELOPEDBYLEAPSANDBOUNDS10當(dāng)這位諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎獲得者出現(xiàn)在師生面前時，全場一片歡騰。他的演講不時被震耳欲聾的掌聲打斷。ASSOONASTHEWINNEROFNOBELPRIZEOFPHYSICSAPPEAREDBEFORETHEFACULTYANDSTUDENTS,THEHALLBROKEINTOASEAOFCHEERSANDHISSPEECHWASPUNCTUATEDBYDEAFENINGCHAPPINGUNIT31除非你在閱讀過程中積極思考，否則是不大可能理解邏輯學(xué)的文章的。YOUARENOTLIKELYTOGRASPANARTICLEONLOGICUNLESSYOUTHINKACTIVELYINTHECOURSEOF/WHILEREADING2依作者所見，閱讀一本好書的最有效的方法之一是在閱讀時動手評注。ACCORDINGTOTHEAUTHOR,ONEOFTHEMOSTEFFECTIVEWAYSTOREADAGOODBOOKISBYWRITINGBETWEENTHELINESWHILEREADING3他全神貫注地投入在一項克?。–LONING）試驗工作上，根本沒有察覺到我進入實驗室。HEWASSOABSORBEDINONEOFHISCLONINGEXPERIMENTSTHATHEWASN’TAWAREOFMYENTERINGTHELABORATORYATALL4我不認(rèn)為幸福在于獲取自己所需；我認(rèn)為幸福在于為社會盡責(zé)任。IDON’TTHINKHAPPINESSCONSISTSINOBTAININGWHATYOUNEEDIBELIEVEHAPPINESSCONSISTSINDOINGWHATYOUCANFORSOCIETY5氣壓、氧氣和溫度是宇航員在月球上賴以生存的基本條件。AIRPRESSURE,OXYGENANDTEMPERATUREAREAMONGTHECONDITIONSINDISPENSABLETOTHESURVIVALOF

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ZHUGELIANG外文作者JOHNEWILLS,JR文獻出處JOHNEWILLS,JRZHUGELIANGMMOUNTAINOFFAMEPORTRAITSINCHINESEHISTORY2017100113如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4268單詞，20307字符字符就是印刷符，中文6264漢字。ZHUGELIANGINTHECHINESETRADITIONZHUGELIANGREPRESENTSONEOFTHESUPREMEEMBODIMENTSOFTHEHEROICMINISTERCONTENTINHISWITHDRAWALFROMBADTIMESANDHISQUESTFORTHESECRETSOFNATURE,INDEPENDENTANDNOTATALLEAGERFOROFFICE,HERESPONDEDTOTHEURGENTPLEAOFHISTRUELORDANDSHOWEDIMMENSEGIFTSASAPERSUADERANDTACTICIANHEFOUGHTINFEWBATTLES,BUTEVENAFTERDEATHHISNAMESTRUCKTERRORINHISENEMIESHISLORDWASTHELEGITIMATESUCCESSOROFTHEHANEMPERORS,SERVEDBYTWOGREATWARRIORSBOUNDTOHIMNOTBYHISHAVINGSELECTEDTHEMASMINISTERSBUTBYTHETHREEHEROESHAVINGFOUNDEACHOTHERATACOUNTRYINNANDSWORNTOSTAYTOGETHERUNTILDEATHTHELEGITIMATEHANRULETHEYSERVEDPREVAILEDONLYINONEPARTOFTHEEMPIREANDWASCONSTANTLYATWARWITHTWOOTHERGREATSTATESHENCE,THEPERIODISKNOWNASTHETHREEKINGDOMSTHEOUTCOMEWASTRAGICTHEHANCAUSEWASDEFEATED,ANDTHEHEROESWERENOTEVENABLETODIETOGETHERTHEIREFFORTSWEREDOOMEDBYTHEIRFLAWSOFCHARACTER,CLOSELYTIEDTOTHEIRHEROICVIRTUES,THATLEDTHEMINTOFATALERRORSOFTACTICSANDJUDGMENTATCRUCIALPOINTSINTHESTORYTHEYKNEWEACHOTHER’SFLAWSBUTWERECOMMITTEDTOEACHOTHERBYOATHANDCAUSEUNLIKETHEISOLATEDHEROESOFGREEKTRAGEDY,THESEMENAREREPRESENTEDASHEROESOFATRAGEDYOFINTERDEPENDENCEMANYSTORIESABOUTTHEHEROESOFTHETHREEKINGDOMSWERECIRCULATEDINTHEIROWNTIMEANDWEREDRAWNTOGETHERINTHESANGUOZHISTUDIESOFTHETHREEKINGDOMS,ANDBYEUNUCHSIN166–169,EFFORTSOFALEADEROFTHEDOUFAMILY,WITHSUPPORTOFTHEOFFICIALSANDACADEMICIANS,TOEXTIRPATETHEEUNUCHSWEREDEFEATEDSOMELEADERSOFTHEEFFORTWEREKILLEDOREXILEDMANYMOREFOUNDTHEMSELVESANDTHEIRRELATIVESANDDESCENDANTSPERMANENTLYBARREDFROMOFFICEOREVENFROMRESIDENCEINTHECAPITALTHEINEQUITYOFTHERURALSOCIALANDECONOMICORDERANDTHESORDIDINTRIGUESATTHECOURTNODOUBTBOTHCONTRIBUTEDTOEPISODESOFATTEMPTEDREBELLIONFROMTHE140SONONELEADERPROCLAIMEDHIMSELFEMPEROROFTHEGREATBEGINNING,ANOTHERBLACKEMPEROR,TWOYELLOWEMPERORSTHEREWEREREPORTSOFAPPEARANCESOFYELLOWDRAGONSTHEOFFICIALSOURCESINDICATETHATALLTHESEREBELLIONSWERESUPPRESSED,BUTTHEYWEREPARTSOFAGROWINGMOVEMENTOFRELIGIOUSPRACTICEANDORGANIZATIONWORSHIPPINGADEIFIEDLAOZIANDDRAWINGONDAOISTPRACTICESOFHEALINGANDSEARCHFORPHYSICALIMMORTALITYCOMMUNITIESWEREFORMEDUNDERLEADERSWHOKNEWTHESACREDFORMULASTHATWOULDCURETHESICKTHEOLDPROPHECYOFTHECOMINGOFTHE“GREATPEACE”NOWTOOKTHEFORMOFTHECOMINGOFTHEYELLOWHEAVEN,WHICHWOULDEMERGEATTHEBEGINNINGOFANEWSIXTYYEARCYCLE,IN184CETHEREBELSWHOROSEINTHATYEARTOOVERTHROWTHEHANANDWELCOMETHEYELLOWHEAVENWRAPPEDYELLOWSCARVESAROUNDTHEIRHEADSTHEREBELLIONOFTHEYELLOWSCARVESWASFAIRLYQUICKLYSUPPRESSED,ORATLEASTDISPERSEDTOTHEPOINTWHEREITNOLONGERTHREATENEDCOURTANDCAPITAL,BUTYELLOWSCARVESGROUPSANDOTHERSCALLINGTHEMSELVESBLACKMOUNTAIN,WHITEWAVE,YELLOWDRAGON,THUNDERLORD,ANDSOONCONTINUEDTOPOPUPHEREANDTHEREINTHEFOLLOWINGDECADESBETTERORGANIZEDANDMOREPERSISTENTWASTHEFIVEPECKSOFRICEDAOISTORGANIZATION,WHICHCONTROLLEDTHEHANRIVERVALLEYANDMUCHOFSHUMODERNSICHUANFORDECADESEVIDENCECANBEFOUNDFORTHESURVIVALOFSOMEOFTHESECOMMUNITIESINTHECOUNTRYSIDE,ANDFORELITEEFFORTSTOLIMITTHEIRPOWER,ASLATEASTHE400STHEHANCOURTOF184,EUNUCHDOMINATEDANDMASSIVELYCORRUPT,WASINNOCONDITIONTOFACETHECHALLENGEOFTHEYELLOWSCARVESITHADNOCHOICEBUTTOGIVEWIDEAUTHORITYTOTHEPROVINCIALLEADERS,MANYOFWHOMHADBEENEXCLUDEDFROMTHECOURTFOROVERADECADE,TORAISETROOPSONTHEIROWNTHESELEADERSWEREEAGERTOSUPPRESSAMOVEMENTTHATHADNOPLACEFORCONFUCIANOFFICIALSOR,ATLEASTINSOMEOFITSBRANCHES,FORLANDLORDSTHUSTHEEFFECTSOFTHEYELLOWSCARVESREBELLIONCONFIRMEDATRENDMADEPOSSIBLEBYTHEPROSPERITYOFLATERHANANDACCELERATEDBYTHEEXILEOFTHEOFFICIALSANDACADEMICIANS,AWAYFROMACOURTCENTEREDPOLITICSANDCULTUREANDTOWARDONETHATFOCUSEDONTHEPOWERANDPATRONAGEOFGREATPROVINCIALLANDHOLDERS

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簡介：商務(wù)英語專業(yè)淺談商務(wù)英語翻譯中的直譯與意譯江西工業(yè)工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文論文題目淺談商務(wù)英語翻譯中的直譯與意譯作者姓名班級學(xué)號專業(yè)屆別商務(wù)英語專業(yè)導(dǎo)師姓名2012年03月07日商務(wù)英語專業(yè)淺談商務(wù)英語翻譯中的直譯與意譯ABSTRACTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANCIVILIZATION,TRANSLATIONHASBECOMEMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTINTHEMODERNSOCIETYPARTICULARLY,ITHASBEENANINDISPENSABLEFASHIONINTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNICATION,ANDITALSOBUILDSABRIDGEFORPEOPLEAROUNDTHEWORLDTOKNOWEACHOTHERBETTERTHEREAREMANYTRANSLATIONMETHODS,AMONGWHICHLITERALTRANSLATIONANDFREETRANSLATIONARETWOBASICONESFIRSTLY,THISPAPERINTRODUCESTHECONCEPTIONSOFLITERALTRANSLATIONANDFREETRANSLATION,ANDDISCUSSESTHEADVANTAGESANDAPPLICATIONPRINCIPLESOFTHETWOMETHODSSECONDLY,ITANALYSESTHEPURPOSEANDLANGUAGEFEATURESWHICHINCLUDEVOCABULARYANDSENTENCECHARACTERISTICSOFBUSINESSENGLISHFINALLY,THISTHESISCOMBINESTHEPRINCIPLESOFLITERALTRANSLATIONANDFREETRANSLATIONWITHTHELANGUAGEFEATURESOFBUSINESSENGLISH,ANDCOMESINTOACONCLUSIONCONCERNINGTHECONCRETEAPPLYINGMETHODSOFLITERALTRANSLATIONANDFREETRANSLATIONINBUSINESSENGLISHKEYWORDSLITERALTRANSLATIONFREETRANSLATIONBUSINESSENGLISH

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簡介：1語篇翻譯語篇翻譯（一）（2017年懷化中考）JEFFKEITHHASONLYONELEG．WITHAPLASTICLEG，JEFFCOULDSKATE,RIDEABICYCLE,SWIMANDPLAYSOCCER．1他也能跑。JEFFMADEAPLANWITHHISFRIENDSWHOHADPLASTICLEGS,TOOTHEYDECIDEDTORUNACROSSAMERICA．2THATWASDIFFICULTFORTHEM．BUTTHEYWANTEDTOCHALLENGETHEMSELVES．JEFFKEITHRANACROSSTHEUNITEDSTATESFROMTHEEASTTOTHEWESTWHENHEWASTWENTYTWO．HESTARTEDRUNNINGINBOSTON．3．SEVENMONTHSLATER,HESTOPPEDRUNNINGINLOSANGELES．JEFFISDISABLED,4但是他能做很多事情。HEISSTUDYINGTOBEALAWYER律師NOWJEFFSAYS，“PEOPLECANDOANYTHINGTHEYWANTTODO．5IRANNOTONLYFORDISABLEDPEOPLE,BUTFOREVERYBODY”1234535WESHOULDCHOOSEOURFRIENDSCAREFULLY，BECAUSETHEYCANHAVEAHUGEINFLUENCEONOURLIFE．ASSOMEONETOLDME，“THEATTITUDESOFYOURFRIENDSARELIKETHEBUTTON按鈕ONALIFT．THEYWILLEITHERTAKEYOUUPORDOWN．”12345（四）（2017年衡陽中考）WHATDOYOUTHINKOFYOURCHINESEISITGOODORBAD1如果你認(rèn)為自己擅長漢語，你可以參加一個比賽。THECOMPETITIONISCHINESECHARACTERSDICTATIONCOMPETITION2THECOMPETITIONHASBEENPOPULARAMONGTEENAGERSSINCELASTSUMMERTODAYTEENAGERSAREUSINGCOMPUTERSANDSMARTPHONES3MANYOFTHEMLOSETHEMSELVESINDIGITALPRODUCTSSUCHASELECTRONICDICTIONARIESANDCOMPUTERSTOHELPWITHTHEIRSTUDYOVERUSEOFTHESETOOLSWILLMAKESTUDENTSTOOLAZYTOTHINKANDWRITE4有些學(xué)生甚至忘記了如何手寫漢字。TEACHERSANDPARENTSAREVERYWORRIEDABOUTITWHATCANTHEYDOSUCHWORRIESHAVEBROUGHTABOUTTHEPOPULARTVSHOW,CHINESECHARACTERSDICTATIONCOMPETITION,WHEREMIDDLESCHOOLSTUDENTSSTANDONTHESTAGETOWRITEDOWNCHINESECHARACTERS5OVERTWOHUNDREDSTUDENTSFROMFORTYSIXSCHOOLSCOMPETEDCHENKEYU,AGRADE8BOYBEATTHEOTHERCOMPETITORSCANYOUBETHENEXTWINNER12345（五）（2017年常德中考）CHINESEPEOPLEHAVEBEENCELEBRATINGMIDAUTUMNFESTIVALANDENJOYINGMOONCAKES