中小學(xué)危機(jī)管理的理論與實(shí)踐研究.pdf_第1頁
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1、一一中文摘要中文摘要在人類社會(huì)中,沖突無處不在,危機(jī)無時(shí)不有。大到國家,dN組織和個(gè)人,時(shí)刻都面臨著危機(jī)一次又一次的不斷挑戰(zhàn)。處于“會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型”、“經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌”、“教育改革”關(guān)鍵期的中小學(xué)也在切身體驗(yàn)著不安全感的增加。中小學(xué)人口高度密集、學(xué)生自身防護(hù)能力差、社會(huì)關(guān)注密切等特點(diǎn)決定了中小學(xué)危機(jī)除具有隱蔽性、突發(fā)性、急迫性、破壞性、復(fù)雜性等一般危機(jī)的特點(diǎn)外,還呈現(xiàn)出一些諸如多元性、持續(xù)性、擴(kuò)散性、社會(huì)敏感性及教育性等自身的特性。近年來,受自然災(zāi)害

2、、流行疾病、突發(fā)事故、校園意外、教育傷害、師生沖突、生源縮減等多種因素的影響,中小學(xué)危機(jī)頻繁發(fā)生。為了保證中小學(xué)的J下常運(yùn)行以及學(xué)生的健康成長,中小學(xué)危機(jī)管理受到學(xué)校管理者和研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。我國對(duì)學(xué)校危機(jī)管理的研究起步較晚,且多集中于高校領(lǐng)域。中小學(xué)危機(jī)管理的實(shí)施缺乏相關(guān)理論的指引以及成功模本的借鑒。同時(shí)受學(xué)校自身情況及管理者能力的限制,目自仃我國中小學(xué)危機(jī)管理中普遍存在師生危機(jī)意識(shí)缺乏、危機(jī)管理能力不高、危機(jī)教育與演練流于形式、信息

3、溝通不暢、心理干預(yù)缺失、法制不健全等問題。筆者據(jù)此提出針對(duì)中小學(xué)危機(jī)預(yù)防、危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)、危機(jī)恢復(fù)等三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的建議和對(duì)策。具體而言,在危機(jī)預(yù)控階段,要“未雨綢繆”努力做到消弭危機(jī)于無形;在危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)階段,要快速反應(yīng)、及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)、妥善處理,盡量縮減危機(jī)帶來的損害;在危機(jī)恢復(fù)階段,要兼顧“有形損害”和“無形損害”的恢復(fù),同時(shí)要注意總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)改進(jìn)管理。關(guān)鍵詞:中小學(xué)危機(jī)危機(jī)管理學(xué)校發(fā)展II咭二,AbstractAbstractTherearealways

4、conflictandcrisisinhumansocietyNomatterthecountriesortheorganizationsandindividualscouldmeetthecrisiswhichchallengesthemagainandagaininanyminuteBeinginacriticalperiodof“SoialTransformation”EonomicTransition”,“Educational

5、Reforms”,PrimaryandsecondaryschoolsareexperiencingtheincreaseofinsecurityThePrimaryandsecondaryschoolshavesomefeatures,suchasgreatdensenessinpopulation,pooroneselfprotectionabilityofstudentsandclosesocialconcern,decideth

6、ecrisisofprimaryandsecondaryschoolhaspeculiarityofconcealment,paroxysm,urgenc5destructivenessandcomplexitymoreoverappearsitsownfeatures,suchasdiversitydurative,diffusibilitysocialsensitivityandenducationabilityInrecentye

7、ars,influencedbynaturalcalamities,epidemicdisease,suddenaccident,campusaccident,educationalharm,studentsdecrease,conflictsbetweenteachersandstudentsandSOon,PrimaryandsecondaryschoolcrisisfrequentlytakesplaceInordertoguar

8、anteenormaloperationforschoolsandhealthygrowthforthechildren,PrimaryandsecondaryschoolscrisismanagementgetswideconcernofleadersandresearchersInourcountry,theresearchforschoolcrisisiSlaggardandmostlyconcentratesinthefield

9、ofcollegesanduniversitiesTheimplementationofPrimaryandsecondaryschoolscrisismanagementlacksoftheguidingofrelativetheoryandsuccessfulsampletostudyAtthesametime1imitedbyleader’Sabilityandschool’Scircumstance,atpresent,Prim

10、aryandsecondaryschoolscrisismanagementhavesomeproblems,suchasthelackofcrisisconsciousness,poorabilityofcrisismanagement,crisiseducationanddrilliustappearinformalityinformationcommunicationexistshindrance,theabsenceofpsyc

11、hologicalintervention,andtheuncertainofruleandlawAccordingtothisthewriterputsforwardsomesuggestionsandcountermeasurestocrisisprevention,crisisresponseandcrisisrecoveryIndetail,atthestageofcrisisPre—control,weshouldprepar

12、eforthefutureandtrytocheckcrisisinthebud;atthestageofcrisisresponse,ouractionshouldreplyquicklyrespondtimelyandhandlewell,makegreateffortsteducetheharmofcrisis;atthestageofcrisisrecoveryweshouldgiveconsiderationtobothtan

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