文獻(xiàn)翻譯-早年客體關(guān)系中的皮膚體驗(yàn)(王蕾譯)

1、作者介紹：伊斯特畢克（1901－1983） ，是一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和精神分析師。出生于波蘭，是一名猶太人。她創(chuàng)始并發(fā)展出觀察嬰兒和年幼兒童的一套方法，這套方法同時(shí)兼顧了科學(xué)性客觀性以及如何使用觀察者自己的情緒經(jīng)驗(yàn)兩方面。她接受梅蘭妮克萊茵的分析，并于 1949 年，在約翰鮑比（John Bowlby）的邀請(qǐng)下來到塔維斯托克中心主要負(fù)責(zé)分析性訓(xùn)練課程的開發(fā)，藉此機(jī)會(huì)，她得以發(fā)展出嬰兒觀察訓(xùn)練并將其發(fā)展成為精神分析訓(xùn)練的基礎(chǔ)課程。雖然她留世的文章

2、很少，但都引起很大的反響，她的思想在整個(gè)英國(guó)，直到歐洲，甚至更大范圍都有重要的影響力。（1968）. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 49:484-486（1968）國(guó)際精神分析期刊The Experience of the Skin in Early Object-Relations早年客體關(guān)系的皮膚體驗(yàn)Esther Bick作者：伊斯特.畢克翻譯：王蕾The central the

3、me of this brief communication is concerned with the primal function of the skin of the baby and of its primal objects in relation to the most primitive binding together of parts of the personality not as yet differentia

4、ted from parts of the body. It can be most readily studied in psychoanalysis in relation to problems of dependence and separation in the transference.這篇短文的核心內(nèi)容主要在于：嬰兒皮膚的原始機(jī)能以及原初客體的原始機(jī)能，實(shí)際上涉及到最為初始的階段是如何將人格組成

5、的不同部分連接在一起而不是將身體的不同部位連接在一起。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)也可以用在精神分析研究移情中的依賴和獨(dú)立。我將通過嬰兒觀察得到的素材來闡述這種早期階段的波動(dòng)。此舉立意于區(qū)分非整合和去整合。非整合是指完全無助的被動(dòng)體驗(yàn)，去整合是指在發(fā)展歷程中通過分裂來實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種主動(dòng)的防御策略。因此我們從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來看，對(duì)此類情境的妥善處理有利于減少發(fā)生在非整合階段的災(zāi)難性焦慮，而不處理的話個(gè)體會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多限制性的以及特殊的被害和抑郁。The need

6、for a containing object would seem, in the infantile unintegrated state, to produce a frantic search for an object—a light, a voice, a smell, or other sensual object—which can hold the attention

7、and thereby be experienced, momentarily at least, as holding the parts of the personality together. The optimal object is the nipple in the mouth, together with the holding and talking and familiar smelling mother.在嬰兒期非整

8、合階段，對(duì)涵容客體的需求將會(huì)體現(xiàn)在對(duì)客體——光線、聲音、氣味，或其他感官形式的客體——的瘋狂尋找中。涵容客體是可以抱持關(guān)注的，因此至少可以暫時(shí)地讓嬰兒體驗(yàn)到人格的各個(gè)部分被抱持在一起。積極的客體是嬰兒口中含著乳頭的同時(shí)，身邊有一直抱持的、說著話的以及氣味熟悉的母親。Material will show how this containing object is experienced concretely as a skin. Faul

9、ty development of this primal skin function can be seen to result either from defects in the adequacy of the actual object or from fantasy attacks on it, which impair introjection. Disturbance in the primal skin function

10、 can lead to a development of a “second-skin“ formation through which dependence on the object is replaced by a pseudo independence, by the inappropriate use of certain mental functions, or perhaps innate talents, for th

11、e purpose of creating a substitute for this skin container function. The material to follow will give some examples of “second-skin“ formation.皮膚是如何具體地被體驗(yàn)為一種涵容性客體將在素材中顯示。不論是適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)客體的功能不足，還是幻想中的攻擊所導(dǎo)致的原始皮膚機(jī)能的發(fā)育缺陷都會(huì)損害內(nèi)攝機(jī)制。原始皮

12、膚的機(jī)能紊亂出于創(chuàng)造一個(gè)替代的皮膚容器的需要將會(huì)導(dǎo)致“次級(jí)皮膚“形式的發(fā)展。這個(gè)需要依賴客體才能發(fā)育的功能或許被假性獨(dú)立所替代，或被不恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂锰囟ǖ男睦砉δ芩娲?，或可能被天賦所替代。接下來的素材將會(huì)給出一些“次級(jí)皮膚”形式的具體例子。Here I can only indicate the types of clinical material upon which these findings are ba