早產(chǎn)兒的護(hù)理英文

1、Care of preterm infants,,Neonatal classification,The characteristics of preterm infants,The reasons of preterm infants,Relevant nursing problems and measures,1,2,3,4,Health education,5,,Main Content,,,Neonatal classifica

2、tion,Birth weight,Weight and gestational age,Gestational age,,According to the classification of gestational age,Full-term infant：37足周≤胎齡＜42足周 Pre-term infant：28足周＜胎齡＜37足周 Post

3、-term infant：胎齡≥42足周,According to the classification of birth weight,1.Normal weight infant： 2500g≤BW＜4000g2.Low birth weight infant： BW＜2500g的新生兒3.Very low birth weight infant: BW＜1500g的新生兒4.Extremely

4、 low birth weight infant: BW＜1000g的新生兒5.Giant infant：BW＞4000g的新生兒,According to the classification of birth weight,According to the relationship between birth weight and gestational age,1.Appropriate for gestational

5、 age 第10百分位≤體重≤第90百分位2.Small for gestational age 出生體重＜第10百分位3.Large for gestational age 出生體重＞第90百分位,,,Appearance characteristics,Physiological characteristics,The characteristi

6、cs of preterm infants,The appearance of premature infants,The appearance of premature infants,Appearance,Premature babies,四肢屈曲狀,肌張力差,,Full moon,The skin,紅潤(rùn)，皮下脂 肪豐富，毳毛少,絳紅，水腫，發(fā)亮，毳毛多,Premature babies,Full moon,Genitals (m

7、ale),Premature babies,睪丸已降，陰囊多皺摺,睪丸未降、陰囊少皺摺,Full moon,Genitals (female),Full moon,Premature babies,大陰唇遮蓋小陰唇,大陰唇不能遮蓋小陰唇,Mammary gland,Premature babies,Full moon,Plantar-print,Premature babies,Full moon,Auricular,Premature

8、 babies,Full moon,生理特點(diǎn),,,,,,,,,循環(huán),呼吸,泌尿,消化,神經(jīng),免疫,體溫,Physiological characteristics,Respiratory system: 1. The respiratory center is not mature, easy apnea 2. Alveolar surface active substance, less easy to happen

9、 pulmonary hyalinem embrane disease 3. The cough response is poor, prone to inhalation lung inflammation or atelectasisCirculatory system: heart rate, blood pressure was lower than those of full term, the capi

10、llary abnormal blood vessels, high brittleness, encounter easily bleeding,Physiological characteristics,Digestive system: 1. The stomach capacity is small, cardiac sphincter relaxation, suck force and the swallowing r

11、eflex is poor, easy to spill the milk, choking milk.2. A variety of digestive enzymes, secretion of bile salt less fat digestion and absorption of fat is poor, prone to necrotizing enterocolitis;The liverThe function i

12、s not perfect, is not entirely to bilirubin metabolism, and physiology Jaundice is heavier, and the long time;The liver synthesis of clotting factors and eggs White matter less prone to produce anemia and hypoalbuminemia

13、, liver glycogen storage deposit, less prone to hypoglycemia.,Physiological characteristics,Thermoregulation: body temperature adjustment function is not perfect, basal metabolism is low,Easily happened hypothermia a

14、nd hard swollen, sweat gland function at the same time can is poor, the environment of high temperature heat easily.Immune system: the humoral immunity and cellular immunity are not perfect, and easy to develop .Al

15、l kinds of infectious diseases, and the difference after the illness is the more heavy, they are easy in sepsis.,Physiological characteristics,Urinary system: renal function is not perfect, prone to water and ele

16、ctricity solution quality, and the disorder.Function of the nervous system: the smaller the age, the poor, all kinds of reflection also the more bad.,,Pregnant women factors: 1. The uterine tumor, endometritis, an

17、d cervix relaxation;Pelvis and spinal deformities2. Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome: 3. Chronic diseases such as :heart disease, kidney disease, nephritis, liver disease, sugar Urinary disease, endocrine di

18、sorders, severe pulmonary tuberculosis4. Anemia and severe hemolytic disease;Acute infectious diseases accompanied by high fever acute or chronic poisoning; 5. Intense emotional fluctuations, or strain6. Accident

19、al injury or surgery.7. Bad habits and hobbyFetal placental factors：1. The twins or fetal abnormalities2. Early rupture or placenta previa, placenta early stripping3. Multiple pregnancies or hydramnios, abnormal umb

20、ilical cord, etc,The reasons of preterm infants,,,,Relevant nursing problems and measures,,,,Infant feeding invalid,,,,,,,,Temperature regulation is invalid,,There is a risk of infection,Unable to maintain spontaneous br

21、eathing,Anxiety,Nursing problems,Nursing measures,1.General care:1)Suitable for the environment：室溫24-26℃晨間護(hù)理增至27-28℃，濕度55-65％.2)Give the right position： 側(cè)臥，每2-3h更換1 次. 3)Closely observe the illness：監(jiān)測(cè)體溫、呼吸、脈搏等生命體征

22、，注意觀察患兒的精神、進(jìn)食、反射、面色、哭聲以及大小便的情況等。,,2.Symptomatic care1)Keep stable temperature：①To keep warm：合理設(shè)置暖箱的溫度 出箱的條件：體重增至2000g以上，體溫能保持正常, 吸允良好②Prevent heat dissipation：雙手溫暖，氧氣應(yīng)加溫、加濕③Mon

23、itor the body temperature：每4小時(shí)一次。體溫穩(wěn)定后每天測(cè)2次，并記錄,The normal temperature of different birth weight,出生 溫 箱 溫 度 體重（kg） 35℃ 34℃ 33℃ 32℃1.0 初生10天內(nèi) 10天后 3 周以后 5 周以后1.5

24、 初生10天內(nèi) 10天后 4 周以后 2.0 初生2天內(nèi) 2天后 3 周以后>2.5 初生2天★相對(duì)濕度 55～65%,2)Reasonable master fed milk volume and time interval,喂養(yǎng)時(shí)注意觀察嬰兒

25、面色及心率、血氧的變化,選擇合適的奶頭與體位,,3) To prevent infection:①醫(yī)護(hù)人員嚴(yán)格消毒隔離制度，強(qiáng)化洗手意識(shí)。②應(yīng)加強(qiáng)口腔、皮膚及臍部的護(hù)理：發(fā)現(xiàn)微小病灶都應(yīng)及時(shí)處理，保持皮膚的完整性和清潔；③確?？諝饧皟x器物品潔凈，嚴(yán)格控制入室人數(shù)，防止交叉感染。,,4) To maintain normal breathing, position under the shoulder pad is a soft

26、 pillow； 出現(xiàn)呼吸暫停時(shí)： 吸氧：持續(xù)低濃度（30-40％） 拍打足底、托背呼吸等5) Promote the interactions with the baby, more touching them 保持環(huán)境安靜整潔，光線柔和，集中護(hù)理 操作，減少對(duì)寶寶的刺激,,1.保持室內(nèi)空氣清新，溫濕度適宜，定時(shí)通風(fēng)2.注意保暖，寶寶衣物穿著舒適安全3.做