【2014高考調(diào)研】（新課標·名校調(diào)研）北師大版·英語（高三總復習）unit 14 careers（課件）

1、Unit 14 Careers基礎知識梳理詞匯梳理1. ________ n. 指導________ v. 指導2. ________ n. 機構(gòu)；學院3. ________ n. 負責4. ________ n. 錯誤5. ________ n. 理解6. ________ n. 援助；幫助7. ________ vt. 請教；查閱8. ________ vi. 爭吵；吵架9. ________ n. 片刻,

2、10. ________ n. 約會；約見________ v. 約會；約見11. ________ n. 基礎；根據(jù)________ v. 以……為基礎；建立……的基地12. ________ adj. 附近的；周圍的13. ________ n. 智慧________ adj. 聰明的；有智慧的14. ________ adj. 低年級的15. ________ n. 宇宙16. ________ vt. 戰(zhàn)勝；克

3、服,17. ________ vt. 理解；領會；抓牢；抓緊18. ________ v. 仔細檢查19. ________ adj. 不合法的；違法的________ adj. 合法的20. ________ vt. 投入21. ________ n. 存在________ v. 存在22. ________ adv. 不斷地23. ________ adv. 在底下24. ________ v. 彎腰；傾身,25.

4、 ________ v. 猶豫；躊躇________ n. 猶豫；徘徊26. ________ n. 判斷；判斷力________ v. 判斷；斷定27. ________ v. 減少；降低28. ________ v. 乘；大量增加29. ________ vi. 運作；運轉(zhuǎn)；操作________ n. 手術(shù)；運作；操作30. ________ vi. 回答；回復________ n. 回答,31. ________

5、 vt. 打擾；煩擾32. ________ v. 恐慌；驚慌33. ________ n. 舒適；安逸________ v. 使舒適；使舒服________ adj. 舒服的；舒適的34. ________ vt. 羨慕；妒忌________ adj. 嫉妒的；羨慕的35. ________ adj. 靈活的；柔韌的,,自我校對1. guidance; guide 2. institute 3. charge 4

6、. error 5. comprehension 6. aid 7. consult 8. quarrel 9. instant 10. appointment; appoint 11. basis; base 12. surrounding 13. wisdom;wise 14. junior 15. universe 16. overcome 17. grasp 18. inspect 19. il

7、legal; legal 20. commit 21. existence; exist 22. constantly 23. beneath24. bend 25. hesitate; hesitation 26. judgement; judge 27. decrease 28. multiply 29. operate; operation 30. respond; response 31. both

8、er 32. panic 33. comfort; comfort; comfortable 34. envy; envious 35. flexible,短語梳理1. ________ 接管；接替2. ________ 編造3. ________ 聽出；看出4. ________ 討論；細談5. ________ 大聲地說；自由而大膽地說出6. ________ 信任；信仰7. ________ 反轉(zhuǎn)8. __

9、______ 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功,,9. ________ 跟上；趕上10. ________ 萬一11. ________ 由于12. ________ 此外13. ________ 坐直,自我校對1. take charge of 2. make up 3. make out 4. go into details 5. speak up 6. believe in 7. turn over 8. pay o

10、ff 9. keep up with 10. in case 11. due to 12. in addition 13. sit up,重點知識探究重點單詞1. reward (1)n. 報酬；報答；獎賞；報償；賞金；酬金He will expect some rewards after working so hard.他工作很努力,會得到報償?shù)?。The police are offering a big

11、reward for information about the robbery.警方出大筆賞金要求提供那起搶劫案的破案線索。,(2)vt. 酬謝；獎賞His efforts were rewarded by success.他的努力獲得了成功。She rewarded the boy with＄10 for his help.她因那男孩的幫助而酬謝他十美元。,知識梳理as a reward for 作為(對某事的)報酬/獎

12、賞in reward for 作為對……的回報be rewarded by success 獲得了成功give / offer a reward to sb. for sth. 為某事而給某人報酬reward sb. for sth. 為某事報答某人reward sb. with ... for sth. 為某事而以……報答某人,求同存異award， reward， prizeaward指一種官方的獎勵行為，往往鼓勵在工作

13、中達到成就或所提出的要求而進行的一種獎勵。強調(diào)榮譽而不在乎獎品的大小或獎金的多少。如：Mr. Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予了“先進工作者”的稱號。reward多指對某人的工作或服務等的報答。如幫助警察抓到罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到賞金、酬金。如：His reward for his loyal support for the party

14、was a seat in the Cabinet.在內(nèi)閣安置了他一個席位作為他對那個政黨衷心支持的報答。,prize多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽彩中所贏得的獎。這種獎賞有的憑能力獲得，有的憑運氣獲得。如：A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.獎品獎給了那個獲得中獎號碼的人。巧學助記As a reward for his contributions, h

15、e was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.作為對他貢獻的獎賞，他被授予“杰出工業(yè)設計”一等獎。,探究練習He got nothing ________ his hard work and felt very sad and disappointed.A. in reward to B. as a reward toC.

16、in reward for D. in return to,【解析】 C 考查了in reward for 表示“作為對……的回報”之意的用法。相當于in return for。句意：他的辛苦勞動沒有得到任何的回報，他感到很傷心和失望。,2. charge (1)vt. 收費；要價;指控；充電；負責He charged two dollars from me for repairing the bike.他因為修自行車而向

17、我索價兩美元。They charged the police with beating three students to death. 他們指控警察將三名學生毆打致死。He is charging a storage battery. 他在為蓄電池充電。,(2)n. 費用；價錢;控告；指責;充電;掌管This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.這間病房是由格林大夫負責的。Mary wa

18、s in charge of the baby.瑪麗負責照料這個嬰兒。All the drinks including beer are free of charge.全部飲料包括啤酒在內(nèi)都是免費的。,知識梳理at one’s own charge(s) 自費；用自己的錢bring a charge of sth. against sb. 指控某人犯……罪have (the) charge of 負責……；主管……free

19、 of charge 免費地in charge of 在……掌管之下；由……經(jīng)營in the charge of sb. 由某人負責；由某人照料(管理)put down to sb.’s charge 把……記在某人帳上take charge of 負責；看管charge for trouble 手續(xù)費charge ... with ... 控告(某人)犯(某罪),探究練習It was promised that the

20、package would be delivered ________.A. free charge B. free from the chargeC. free of charge D. free in charge,【解析】 C 考查了free of charge表示“免費地”之意的用法。句意：據(jù)承諾：包裹會免費送到。,3. consult vt. 請教；查閱 vi. 商議(量)；考慮；磋商；做咨詢工作He con

21、sulted the workers to understand the technical process. 他詢問工人,想了解技術(shù)上的程序。He consulted a doctor about his illness.他向醫(yī)生咨詢疾病的情況。The teacher told us not to consult the dictionary. 老師讓我們不要查詞典。They are consulting about the

22、 matter with each other.他們互相商議此事。,知識梳理(1)consult with sb. about sth. 關(guān)于某事與某人商談consult sb. about sth. 關(guān)于某事咨詢某人consult sth. 查閱某物(2)consultant n.顧問,巧學助記,探究練習If you have anything that you don’t understand in this chapt

23、er, you should ________ our teacher.A. look up B. consultC. consult with D. refer to,【解析】 B consult with sb. 表示“與某人商談”之意；而此處是指“咨詢某人”，故用consult sb.,高考體驗(2011·湖北)The minister said, “We are ready for discussi

24、ons with any legal parties, but we’ll never ________ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrelC. argue D. consult,【解析】 A 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：部長說：“我們可以和任何合法團體進行討論，但是我們永遠不會和犯罪分子談判?！眓egotiate“談判；協(xié)商”；quarrel“爭吵”；argue“爭辯；爭

25、論”；consult“咨詢”。,4. quarrel vi. 爭吵；吵架She quarreled with her brother over their father’s will. 她和弟弟因為父親遺囑的事情而起了爭執(zhí)。The young couple always quarrel with each other about the education of their children.這對年輕的夫婦經(jīng)常因為孩子的教育問題

26、而爭吵。知識梳理quarrel with sb. about / over sth. 關(guān)于某事和某人爭吵,探究練習Don’t ________ the trifling, but be tolerant of each other’s behavior and ideas.A. quarrel with B. argue withC. quarrel about D. disagree with,【解析】 C 考查

27、了quarrel about sth. 表示“因為某事而爭吵”之意的用法。句意：不要因為小事而爭吵；而是要彼此包容彼此的行為和觀點。quarrel with后面多接人作賓語，表示“和某人爭吵”之意；argue with后接表示人的賓語，表示“和某人辯論”；disagree with表示“不同意(某人/某物)”，均不符合句意。,5. basis n. 基礎；根據(jù)Trust is the basis of lasting friendsh

28、ip.信任是保持友誼的基礎。This is the basis on which I had the judgment.這就是我下結(jié)論的基礎。,求同存異base, basis, foundation(1)base“基礎；底部”多指露出地面的,有形的具體基礎底部及支架。如：The base of the column is quite firm.這柱子的基礎是牢固的。(2)basis “基礎；根據(jù)”主要用于比喻,也指信念,

29、議論等的根據(jù)。如：The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper.他的意見的根據(jù)是從報紙上看來的。,(3)foundation “根本；基礎”與basis大致同義,但更具體,通常指建筑物的地基,也可引申為“根據(jù)”。如：The story has no foundation.這個故事沒有根據(jù)。,探究練習This conclusion was drawn __

30、______ the scientific data.A. on the basis of B. at the basis ofC. on the base of D. at the base of,【解析】 A 考查了短語on the basis of表示“建立在……的基礎上”之意的用法，表示抽象概念。而on the base of是強調(diào)“建立在實物的基礎上”，不符合句意。,6. surrounding adj. 周圍

31、的；附近的 n. 環(huán)境(多用復數(shù)形式表示)There are many factories in the surrounding area. 在附近的地區(qū)有很多的工廠。We should try all our best to protect our working surroundings. 我們應該竭盡全力保護好我們的工作環(huán)境。點津提示surrounding用作名詞時，多用復數(shù)形式表示“環(huán)境”。,探究練習As a mat

32、ter of fact, nobody likes to work in the unpleasant ________.A. surround B. surroundingC. surroundings D. surrounded,【解析】 C 考查了surroundings表示“環(huán)境”之意的用法。句意：事實上，沒有人喜歡在令人不愉快的環(huán)境中工作。,7. overcome vt. 戰(zhàn)勝；克服We should tr

33、y all our best to overcome the difficulties.我們應該努力地戰(zhàn)勝困難。They were overcome with / by sadness. 他們被悲傷所征服。點津提示overcome的過去式和過去分詞分別是overcame 和overcome。,探究練習They tried every way that they could think of ________ the unex

34、pected trouble in front of them.A. to overcome B. overcomingC. to overlook D. overlooking,【解析】 A 考查了overcome表示“戰(zhàn)勝”之意的用法。that they could think of是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞every way;空白處用動詞不定式短語修飾every way，表示“干某事的方法”。句意:他們嘗試了他們所

35、能夠想到的一切方法去戰(zhàn)勝他們面臨的意想不到的麻煩。,8. grasp vt.& n. 理解；領會；抓牢；抓緊He grasped me by the arm. 他抓住我的手臂。I could not grasp her meaning.我不懂她的意思。I kept her hand in my grasp. 我抓住她的手。,知識梳理beyond one’s grasp 力量達不到within one’s gra

36、sp 力量達得到have a good grasp of 深刻了解in the grasp of 在……掌握中keep a firm grasp on 抓緊Grasp all, lose all. ［諺］貪多必失。,探究練習What he said is so abstract that I can’t ________ the general meaning of the words.A. follow B

37、. acceptC. grasp D. hold,【解析】 C 考查了grasp表示“理解”之意的用法。句意：他所說的話是如此抽象深奧以至于我不能夠理解他的話的大意。follow是“跟隨；跟上”；accept是“接受；認可”；hold是“握?。荒谩?。,9. existence n. 存在According to some philosopher, everything in existence is reasonable.

38、某位哲學家認為,存在的事物都是合理的。He does not believe in the existence of ghosts.他不相信有鬼存在。Nobody knows exactly when the world came into existence.沒有人準確地知道世界是何時產(chǎn)生的。,發(fā)散思維exist v. 存在；生存；有There exists an old temple on the hill. 那座山

39、上有一座古廟。His success exists in his hard work. 他的成功在于他的勤奮。,知識梳理in existence 實際存在的;現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)有的come into existence 產(chǎn)生；存在bring ... into existence 使產(chǎn)生；使存在exist in 在于；存在于,探究練習This is the oldest building ________ in the vil

40、lage.A. in time B. in existenceC. on time D. on existence,【解析】 B 考查了in existence表示“存在的；現(xiàn)存的”之意的用法。句意：這是這個村莊中現(xiàn)存的建筑物中最古老的一所建筑物。in time是“及時；遲早”；on time是“按時；準時”，均為干擾項。,10. bend v. 彎腰；傾身；彎曲Be careful or you’ll bend

41、this spoon.當心，否則你會把這把湯匙弄彎的。He bent his mind to his business.他專心于他的業(yè)務。Her head was bent over her book.她埋頭讀書。,知識梳理be bent on 決心要;專心于bend down 彎腰bend oneself to 專心于;致力于bend over 彎身作拱形;俯身靠近;屈服點津提示bend的過去式和過去分詞

42、分別是bent和bent。,探究練習The branch ________ but didn’t break when the boy climbed along it.A. extended B. bentC. spread D. stretched,【解析】 B 考查了bend表示“彎曲”之意的用法。句意：當小孩爬上樹枝時，樹枝彎曲了但是沒有折斷。故選擇B項。 extend是“延伸”；spread是“鋪展；鋪開

43、；舒展開”；stretch是“舒展；伸展”，均為干擾項。,11. hesitate v. 猶豫；躊躇If you hesitate too long, you will miss the opportunity.如果你老是猶豫不決, 你就會錯失良機。He hesitated to take such a big risk.他不情愿冒這樣大的險。In case you need something, please don’t h

44、esitate to ask me.如果你需要什么東西,請不客氣地對我說。,知識梳理hesitate about / over sth. (對某事)猶豫；遲疑不決hesitate to do sth. 對做某事有顧慮hesitation n. 躊躇；猶豫have no hesitation in doing ... 毫不猶豫地做……without hesitation 毫不遲疑地,探究練習(2013·福州高

45、三檢測)I want to improve my English. Don’t ________ to correct me if I make a mistake.A. mind B. hesitateC. desire D. seek,【解析】 B 考查動詞辨析。mind后面不接不定式，故排除A；hesitate“猶豫”，符合題意；desire“想要”; seek“尋求”，均不合句意。,高考體驗(2009·

46、;福建)We are at your service. Don’t ________ to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. hesitateC. desire D. seek,【解析】 B 考查動詞辨析。句意：我們(隨時)為你服務。如果你還有什么問題，請不要猶豫找我們幫忙。beg“乞求”；hesitate“猶豫”；desire“渴望”；seek“

47、尋求”。hesitate to do“猶豫做某事”。,12. respond vi. 回復；回答She responded to me by nodding. 她以點頭的方式回答了我。He responded to my letter with a call.他以一個電話回復了我的信件。,知識梳理respond to ... 對……作出回答；作出反應；響應respond that .... 回答……response n.回

48、答；反應in response to 作為對……的回應；回答give / make no response to ... 對……不予回答/回應,探究練習When asked how he dealt with the difficult problem, he didn’t ________, but only smiled.A. say B. speakC. discuss D. respond,【解析】 D

49、 考查了respond表示“回答”之意的用法。句意：當問及他是如何解決這一難題時，他沒有回答而僅僅是微笑。其余選擇項均不符合句意。,13. bother vt.& vi.打擾；煩擾；煩惱；擔心；麻煩Thank you, but please don’t bother.謝謝,但請你不要費事了。I can’t bother him with my little affairs.我不能因自己那點小事去打擾他。Don’t bo

50、ther about that trifling matter. 別為那件小事煩惱。You needn’t bother to come here in yourself.你沒有必要親自來的。,探究練習I don’t want to ________ her with my problems at the moment because she is very upset now.A. bother B. shareC.

51、 interrupt D. quarrel,【解析】 A 考查了bother sb. with sth. 表示“因為某事而使某人擔憂”之意的用法。句意：我不想現(xiàn)在因為我的問題而使她擔憂，因為她現(xiàn)在很是心煩。share多用于share sth. with sb. 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“和某人分享某物”；interrupt是“打斷某人(某物)”；quarrel多用于quarrel with sb. about / over sth. 表

52、示“和某人因為某事而吵架”之意，均不符合句意。,14. comfort n. & vt.舒服；安慰He has enough money so that he can live in comfort.他有很多錢,足可舒舒服服過日子。She is a great comfort to her parents.她是她父母最大的安慰。The old lady often comforts those who are in t

53、rouble.這位老婦人經(jīng)常安慰處于困境的人。,發(fā)散思維comfortable adj. 舒服的；安慰的comfortless adj. 缺乏安慰的；不舒服的discomfort n.& vt. (使)不舒服；(使)不愉快知識梳理give comfort to 安慰take / have comfort in 感到安慰；安心；寬心;(從……中)得到安慰,探究練習It is ________ to her pare

54、nts that she was admitted to Beijing University.A. a great comfort B. comfortC. comfortable D. comfortless,【解析】 A 考查了comfort用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“令人寬慰的人或事”之意的用法。故選擇A項。,重點短語1. make up 編造；構(gòu)成；化妝；彌補；言和Tom makes up stories to a

55、muse his little brother.湯姆編故事逗他的小弟弟。Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while.瑪麗和瓊吵架,但一會兒就和好了。It didn’t take her long to make up.她很快就化妝好了。How many countries make up the Common Market?(歐洲)共同市場由多少國家組成?,知識拓展

56、與make有關(guān)的其他短語：make do (with) 湊合著用;用……勉強對付make do without 在沒有……的情況下設法應付過去make down 改小(衣服)make for 有利于……；有助于……make from (make up from)用……制成；用……做成make into 制成；做成;使轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閙ake it 及時趕到；辦成功;達到目的make out 填寫;辨認出,探究練習Ⅰ. 用與ma

57、ke有關(guān)的短語翻譯句子。(1)我們募捐了478英鎊,一位非?？犊娜藴愖愕?00英鎊。_______________________________________________(2)做鍛煉有助于身體健康。_______________________________________________(3)他寫得如此潦草以至于我根本看不清。___________________________________________

58、____(4)請在10點之前及時趕到會場。_______________________________________________(5)這件衣服有點大了，我要找裁縫改小一點。_______________________________________________,【答案】 (1) We collected ￡478, but a very generous man made it up to ￡500.(2) D

59、oing exercise will make for your good health.(3) He wrote so carelessly that I couldn’t make it out.(4) Please make it to the meeting before 10 o’clock.(5) This dress is a little looser and I will ask the tailor to ma

60、ke it down.,Ⅱ. 單項填空。American Indians ________ about five percent of the U. S. population.A. fill up B. bring upC. make up D. set up,【解析】 C 考查了make up表示“構(gòu)成；占比例”之意的用法。句意：美國的印第安人大約占了美國人口的百分之五。fill up是“填充”；bring up是

61、“教育；撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐；提出”；set up是“創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)立”，均不符合句意。,2. turn over 反轉(zhuǎn)；仔細考慮；移交；交給Turn over or your back will get sunburnt.翻過身去,不然你的后背要被陽光灼傷的。He turned the new idea over in his mind.他仔細地考慮了這種新想法。To whom should we turn over the key whe

62、n we leave here?在離開這里時,我們把鑰匙交給誰呢?,知識拓展與turn有關(guān)的其他短語：turn back 轉(zhuǎn)回去；往回走turn into 拐入；進入；(使)變成； (使)成為turn off 關(guān)(自來水、電燈、收音機等)turn on 打開(自來水、電燈、收音機)turn out證明是……；結(jié)果是……;發(fā)展為……turn to 指向；轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turn up 向上;調(diào)大;扭亮(燈火等);加快(速度等

63、);出現(xiàn);(東西)被找到,探究練習He was awake all through the night, ________ the plan again and again, and not knowing whether it was practical.A. turning over B. turning downC. putting off D. taking over,【解析】 A 句意：他一整個晚上都沒有

64、睡，反復思考這一計劃，不知道計劃是否可行?？疾榱藅urn over表示“反復思考；反轉(zhuǎn)”之意的用法，符合語境；而turn down是“調(diào)小音量；拒絕”；put off是“推遲；拖延”；take over是“接管”，均為干擾項。,高考體驗(2011·四川)To get a better grade, you should ________ the notes again before the best.A. go over

65、B. get overC. turn over D. take over,【解析】 A 句意：為了取得更好的成績，你應該在考試前再復習一次筆記。go over“復習”；get over“克服；康復”；turn over“移交；翻轉(zhuǎn)”；take over“接管”。,3. pay off取得成功;付清；還清;(付清工資后)解雇You must pay off your old loan before you can ob

66、tain a new one.你必須還清舊賬,然后才能再借款。The boss paid off the employees.老板付清雇工工資后解雇了他們。Did your daring plan pay off?你那項大膽的計劃成功了嗎?,知識拓展與pay有關(guān)的其他短語：pay back 還清pay the bill 付賬單pay sb. for sth. 因為……而付給某人錢pay some money f

67、or sth. 因為……而付錢,探究練習After all, his ten years’ hard work ________, and he was successful in the project.A. was paid off B. was paid backC. paid off D. paid back,【解析】 C 考查了pay off表示“付出得到回報”之意的用法。pay off是不及物動詞，故

68、不用被動語態(tài)。pay back是“償還”之意。,4. in case 以防萬一;假如Write the telephone number down in case you forget.把電話號碼寫下來以免忘了。It may rain you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does).可能下雨——你最好帶把傘,以防萬一(下起來)。In case you need so

69、mething, please don’t hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么東西,請不客氣地對我說。,知識梳理in case / in case ofin case是連詞，引導條件狀語從句，意為“萬一；以防”in case of是介詞短語，后加名詞或代詞，意為“如果；假使”in this / that case 如果這樣/那樣的話in any case 無論如何；不管怎樣in no case